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Gregory J. Anderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multi copper ferroxidase deficient mice have increased brain iron concentrations and learning and memory deficits
Journal of Nutrition, 2018Co-Authors: Jiashuo Zheng, Gregory J. Anderson, Chris D. Vulpe, Joshua L Dunaief, Min Chen, Zaitunamu Maimaitiming, Ruiwei Jiang, Junzhuo Wang, Huijun ChenAbstract:Background The accumulation of iron occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) in several neurodegenerative diseases. Although multi-copper ferroxidases (MCFs) play an important role in cellular iron metabolism and homeostasis, the mechanism of MCFs in the CNS remains unclear. Objective The aim was to study the role of MCFs in CNS iron metabolism and homeostasis by using hephaestin/ceruloplasmin (Heph/Cp) double knockout (KO) mice. Methods Heph/Cp double KO male mice were generated by crossing both single KO mice. In Heph/Cp KO and wild-type (WT) control mice at 4 wk and 6 mo of age, iron concentrations of selected brain regions were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and gene expressions of Heph, Cp, Ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) [+ iron responsive element (IRE)], L-ferritin, H-ferritin, transferrin receptor 1 (Tfrc), and divalent metal transporter 1 (Dmt1) (+IRE) were quantitated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Brain region L-ferritin protein concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were also determined. Learning and memory abilities in Heph/Cp KO and WT control mice at 6 mo of age were tested by the IntelliCage system (New Behavior). Results Iron concentration was significantly higher in Heph/Cp KO mice than in WT control mice at 4 wk of age in the cortex (50%), hippocampus (120%), brainstem (35%), and cerebellum (220%) and at 6 mo of age in the cortex (140%), hippocampus (420%), brainstem (560%), and cerebellum (340%). L-Ferritin and MDA concentrations were significantly higher and SOD and GPx activities were significantly lower in the cortex, hippocampus, brainstem, and cerebellum of KO mice than in those of WT controls at both 4 wk and 6 mo of age. Iron-related gene expressions also differed significantly between groups. Learning and memory deficits occurred in Heph/Cp KO mice at 6 mo of age. Conclusion Mutation of both MCFs in mice induces iron accumulation in brain regions, oxidative damage, and learning and memory defects.
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current understanding of iron homeostasis
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2017Co-Authors: Gregory J. Anderson, David M. FrazerAbstract:Iron is an essential trace element, but it is also toxic in excess, and thus mammals have developed elegant mechanisms for keeping both cellular and whole-body iron concentrations within the optimal physiologic range. In the diet, iron is either sequestered within heme or in various nonheme forms. Although the absorption of heme iron is poorly understood, nonheme iron is transported across the apical membrane of the intestinal enterocyte by divalent metal-ion transporter 1 (DMT1) and is exported into the circulation via Ferroportin 1 (FPN1). Newly absorbed iron binds to plasma transferrin and is distributed around the body to sites of utilization with the erythroid marrow having particularly high iron requirements. Iron-loaded transferrin binds to transferrin receptor 1 on the surface of most body cells, and after endocytosis of the complex, iron enters the cytoplasm via DMT1 in the endosomal membrane. This iron can be used for metabolic functions, stored within cytosolic ferritin, or exported from the cell via FPN1. Cellular iron concentrations are modulated by the iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) IRP1 and IRP2. At the whole-body level, dietary iron absorption and iron export from the tissues into the plasma are regulated by the liver-derived peptide hepcidin. When tissue iron demands are high, hepcidin concentrations are low and vice versa. Too little or too much iron can have important clinical consequences. Most iron deficiency reflects an inadequate supply of iron in the diet, whereas iron excess is usually associated with hereditary disorders. These disorders include various forms of hemochromatosis, which are characterized by inadequate hepcidin production and, thus, increased dietary iron intake, and iron-loading anemias whereby both increased iron absorption and transfusion therapy contribute to the iron overload. Despite major recent advances, much remains to be learned about iron physiology and pathophysiology.
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intestinal hephaestin potentiates iron absorption in weanling adult and pregnant mice under physiological conditions
Blood Advances, 2017Co-Authors: Caglar Doguer, Sukru Gulec, Gregory J. Anderson, Chris D. Vulpe, James F. CollinsAbstract:Regulation of intestinal iron absorption is crucial to maintain body iron levels because humans have no regulated iron-excretory system. Elucidating molecular events that mediate intestinal iron transport is thus important for the development of therapeutic approaches to modify iron absorption in pathological states. The process of iron uptake into duodenal enterocytes is relatively well understood, but less is known about the functional coupling between the iron exporter Ferroportin 1 and the basolateral membrane iron oxidase hephaestin (Heph). Initial characterization of intestine-specific Heph knockout (Hephint) mice demonstrated that adult male mice were mildly iron deficient; however, the specific role of intestinal Heph has not been determined in weanling mice, in female mice, or during physiological states which stimulate iron absorption. Furthermore, because Ferroportin 1-mediated iron export from some tissues (eg, liver) is impaired in the absence of the Heph homolog, ceruloplasmin, we hypothesized that Heph is rate limiting for intestinal iron absorption, especially when iron demands increase. Our experimental approach was to assess various physiological parameters and iron (59Fe) absorption and tissue distribution in weanling, adult, and pregnant Hephint mice (and controls) under physiological conditions and in adult Hephint mice after dietary iron deprivation or acute hemolysis. Results demonstrate that intestinal Heph is essential for optimal iron transport in weanlings and adults of both sexes and during pregnancy, but not in adult mice with iron-deficiency or hemolytic anemia. Moreover, activation of unidentified, intestinal ferroxidases was noted, which may explain why intestinal Heph is not always required for optimal iron absorption.
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hephaestin and ceruloplasmin play distinct but interrelated roles in iron homeostasis in mouse brain
Journal of Nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Ruiwei Jiang, Brie K Fuqua, Gregory J. Anderson, Joshua L Dunaief, Jiashuo Zheng, Bo Jiang, Chao Hua, Yike Wan, Samuel David, Chris D. VulpeAbstract:BACKGROUND Iron accumulation in the central nervous system (CNS) is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. Multicopper ferroxidases (MCFs) play an important role in cellular iron metabolism. However, the role of MCFs in the CNS in health and disease remains poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE The aim was to study the role of hephaestin (HEPH) and ceruloplasmin (CP) in CNS iron metabolism and homeostasis. METHODS Iron concentrations and L-ferritin protein levels of selected brain regions were determined in global hephaestin knockout (Heph KO), global ceruloplasmin knockout (Cp KO), and wild-type (WT) male mice at 6-7 mo of age. Gene expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (Dmt1), Ferroportin 1 (Fpn1), Heph, Cp, and transferrin receptor 1 (Tfrc) and HEPH protein level was quantitated in the same brain regions. RESULTS Iron and L-ferritin protein levels were significantly increased in Heph KO mouse brain cortex (iron: 30%, P < 0.05; L-ferritin: 200%, P < 0.05), hippocampus (iron: 80%, P < 0.05; L-ferritin: 300%, P < 0.05), brainstem (iron: 20%, P < 0.05; L-ferritin: 150%, P < 0.05), and cerebellum (iron: 20%, P < 0.05; L-ferritin: 100%, P < 0.05) regions than in WT and Cp KO mouse brain regions at 6 mo of age. Expression of the Heph gene was significantly increased in the Cp KO mouse cortex (100%; P < 0.01), hippocampus (350%; P < 0.001), brainstem (30%; P < 0.01), and cerebellum (150%; P < 0.001) than in WT controls, and Cp gene expression was significantly decreased in the Heph KO mouse hippocampus (20%; P < 0.05) than in WT control mice at 6 mo of age. CONCLUSIONS Ablation of HEPH or CP results in disordered brain iron homeostasis in mice. Heph KO may provide a novel model for neurodegenerative disorders.
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hephaestin and ceruloplasmin play distinct but interrelated roles in iron homeostasis
2015Co-Authors: Ruiwei Jiang, Brie K Fuqua, Gregory J. Anderson, Joshua L Dunaief, Jiashuo Zheng, Bo Jiang, Chao Hua, Yike Wan, Samuel David, Chris D. VulpeAbstract:Background: Iron accumulation in the central nervous system (CNS) is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. Multicopperferroxidases (MCFs) play an important role in cellular iron metabolism. However, the role of MCFs in the CNS in health and disease remains poorly characterized. Objective: The aim was to study the role of hephaestin (HEPH) and ceruloplasmin (CP) in CNS iron metabolism and homeostasis. Methods: Iron concentrations and L-ferritin protein levels of selected brain regions were determined in global hephaestin knockout (Heph KO), global ceruloplasmin knockout (Cp KO), and wild-type (WT) male mice at 6–7 mo of age. Gene expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (Dmt1), Ferroportin 1 (Fpn1), Heph, Cp, and transferrin receptor 1 (Tfrc )a nd HEPH protein level was quantitated in the same brain regions. Results: Iron and L-ferritin protein levels were significantly increased in Heph KO mouse brain cortex (iron: 30% greater, P < 0.05; L-ferritin: 200% greater, P < 0.05), hippocampus (iron: 80% greater, P < 0.05; L-ferritin: 300% greater, P < 0.05), brainstem (iron: 20% greater, P < 0.05; L-ferritin: 150% greater, P < 0.05), and cerebellum (iron: 20% greater, P < 0.05; L-ferritin: 100% greater, P < 0.05) regions than in WT and Cp KO mouse brain regions at 6 mo of age. Expression of the Heph gene was significantly increased in the Cp KO mouse cortex (100% greater; P < 0.01), hippocampus (350% greater; P < 0.001), brainstem (30% greater;P < 0.01), and cerebellum (150% greater;P < 0.001) than in WT controls, and Cp gene expression was significantly decreased in the Heph KO mouse hippocampus (20% less; P < 0.05) than in WT control mice at 6 mo of age. Conclusions: Ablation of HEPH or CP results in disordered brain iron homeostasis in mice. Heph KO may provide a novel model for neurodegenerative disorders. J Nutr doi: 10.3945/jn.114.207316.
Okhee Han - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bioactive dietary polyphenolic compounds reduce nonheme iron transport across human intestinal cell monolayers
Journal of Nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Eun Young Kim, Mark K Shigenaga, Sookyung Ham, Okhee HanAbstract:There is persuasive epidemiological evidence that regular intake of dietary bioactive polyphenolic compounds promotes human health. Because dietary polyphenolic compounds have a wide range of effects in vivo and vitro, including chelation of metals such as iron, it is prudent to test whether the regular consumption of bioactive polyphenolic components impair the utilization of dietary iron. We examined the influence of the dietary polyphenols (-) -epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and grape seed extract (GSE) on transepithelial iron transport in Caco-2 intestinal cells. The range of EGCG and GSE concentrations used in this study was within physiological levels and did not affect the integrity of differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers. Both EGCG and GSE decreased (P < 0.001) transepithelial iron transport. However, apical iron uptake was increased (P < 0.001) by the addition of EGCG and GSE. The increased uptake of iron might be due in part to the reducing activity of EGCG and GSE. Both EGCG and GSE reduced approximately 15% of the applied Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) in the uptake buffer. Despite the increased cellular levels of (55)Fe, the transfer of iron across the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte was extremely low, indicating that basolateral exit via Ferroportin-1 was impaired, possibly through formation of a nontransportable polyphenol-iron complex. Our data show that polyphenols inhibit nonheme iron absorption by reducing basolateral iron exit rather than by decreasing apical iron import in intestinal cells.
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colocalization of Ferroportin 1 with hephaestin on the basolateral membrane of human intestinal absorptive cells
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Okhee Han, Eun Young KimAbstract:An iron exporter Ferroportin-1 (FPN-1) and a multi-copper oxidase hephaestin (Heph) are predicted to be expressed on the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte and involved in the processes of iron export across the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte. However, it is not clear where these proteins are exactly located in the intestinal absorptive cell. We examined cellular localization of FPN-1 and Heph in the intestinal absorptive cells using the fully differentiated Caco-2 cells. Confocal microscope study showed that FPN-1 and Heph are located on the basolateral membrane and they are associated with the transferrin receptor (TfR) in fully differentiated Caco-2 cells grown on microporous membrane inserts. However, Heph protein was not detected in the crypt cell-like proliferating Caco-2 cell. In stably transfected human intestinal absorptive cells expressing human FPN-1 modified by the addition of GFP at the C-terminus, we show that FPN-1-GFP is located on the basolateral membrane and it is associated with Heph suggesting the possibility that FPN-1 might associate and interact with Heph in the process of iron exit across the basolateral membrane of intestinal absorptive cell.
Mendes, Juliana Frossard Ribeiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A deficiência de vitamina A induz a deficiência sistêmica de ferro e reduz os níveis de transcrito hepático de Hamp, apesar de aumentar os níveis de transcritos de Hfe2 e Bmp6
2014Co-Authors: Mendes, Juliana Frossard RibeiroAbstract:Introdução: As deficiências de vitamina A e ferro são as carências nutricionais mais prevalentes no mundo. Estudos recentes sugerem que existe uma inter-relação entre a vitamina A e o metabolismo do ferro, porém os mecanismos envolvidos ainda não estão esclarecidos. Os retinoides modulam a expressão de diversos genes por meio da ligação aos receptores nucleares, como os receptores de ácido retinoico e receptores de retinoides X. Considerando que a hepcidina é responsável pela regulação sistêmica da homeostase do ferro e tem a sua expressão regulada em parte através da via de sinalização da hemojuvelina-proteína morfogenética do osso 6 - proteínas SMAD, o presente estudo avaliou o efeito da deficiência de vitamina A nos biomarcadores do status de ferro, nos níveis de transcritos de genes envolvidos na via de sinalização HJV-BMP-SMAD, e o possível envolvimento dos receptores nucleares RAR e RXR na manutenção da homeostase de ferro pela vitamina A. Métodos Trinta ratos Wistar machos foram tratados por 59 dias com uma das seguintes dietas: dieta controle; dieta deficiente em vitamina A (VAD); dieta deficiente em ferro (FeD); dieta deficiente em vitamina A e ferro (VAFeD) e dieta com ácido retinoico todo-trans (atRA). Os parâmetros hematológicos foram determinados utilizando kits comerciais. O fígado, intestino e baço foram removidos para determinação da concentração de ferro por espectroscopia de emissão atômica. Os níveis hepáticos de retinol foram quantificados por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência. No fígado foram determinados os níveis de mRNA da hepcidina (Hamp), hemojuvelina (Hfe2), proteína morfogenêtica do osso 6 (Bmp6), SMAD 7 (Smad7), receptor de ácido retinóico alfa (Rar ∝, receptor de retinoides X beta (Rxrβ), e no intestino os níveis de mRNA do transportador de metal divalente 1 (Dmt1) e Ferroportina 1 (Fpn1), por sistema de reação da polimerase em cadeia em tempo-real (qRT-PCR). As comparações entre os grupos de tratamento foram realizadas utilizando teste t-student para amostras independentes e o valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente diferente. Resultados A deficiência de vitamina A (VAD) promoveu a redução dos níveis séricos de ferro e da saturação de transferrina, acúmulo de ferro no baço, aumento dos níveis de mRNA da Bmp6 e Hfe2 e diminuição de Hamp, Smad7 e Rar ∝ no fígado, além da redução dos níveis de mRNA da Fpn1 no intestino. Os ratos tratados com dieta deficiente em ferro (FeD) apresentaram redução dos níveis séricos de ferro, da saturação de transferrina, da concentração de ferro no fígado, intestino e baço e diminuição dos níveis de mRNA de Bmp6, Hfe2, Hamp e Smad7 no fígado. A associação das deficiências de vitamina A e ferro (VAFeD) promoveu a redução dos níveis séricos de ferro, da saturação de transferrina, da concentração de ferro no fígado, intestino e baço e dos níveis hepáticos de mRNA da Hamp e Smad7. A substituição do estér de retinil pelo atRA na dieta promoveu uma redução dos níveis séricos de ferro, aumento da concentração de ferro no fígado e redução no intestino e baço, também apresentaram diminuição dos níveis de mRNA hepáticos de Hamp e aumento de Rar ∝, além de reduzir os níveis de mRNA de Dmt1, Fpn1e aumentar o Bmp6 no intestino. Conclusão Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que a deficiência dietética de vitamina A promove uma redução da disponibilidade sistêmica de ferro com concomitante acúmulo desse micronutriente no baço. A deficiência sistêmica de ferro promovida pela deficiência de vitamina A, diminui a disponibilidade de ferro para a eritropoiese, sugerindo que o sinal eritróide prevaleça na regulação da expressão de Hamp. Os resultados sugerem ainda que a deficiência de vitamina A modula a transcrição da hepcidina no fígado de maneira indireta, não envolvendo o receptor Rar ∝. ________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTIntroduction Vitamin A and iron deficiencies of are the most prevalent nutritional deficiencie in the world. Although recent studies suggest that there is an interrelationship between vitamin A and iron metabolism, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Retinoids modulate the expression of various genes by binding to nuclear receptors such as the retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors. Whereas hepcidin is responsible for regulating systemic iron homeostasis and its expression is regulated in part through the signaling pathway of hemojuvelin-bone morphogenetic protein 6 - SMAD proteins, the present study evaluated the effect of vitamin A deficiency in iron status biomarkers, the transcript levels of genes involved in signaling pathway HJV-BMP-SMAD, and the possible involvement of nuclear receptors, RAR and RXR in the maintenance of iron homeostasis by vitamin A. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were treated for 59 days with one of the following diets: control diet; vitamin A deficient diet (VAD); iron deficient diet (FeD); vitamin A and iron deficient diet (VAFeD) and the all-trans retinoic acid diet (atRA). Hematological parameters were obtained using commercial kits. Liver, intestine and spleen were removed for determination of iron concentration by atomic emission spectroscopy. The retinol hepatic levels were obtained by high performance liquid chromatography. Were determined in liver and intestine, the mRNA levels of hepcidin (Hamp), hemojuvelin (Hfe2), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (Bmp6), SMAD 7 (Smad7), retinoic acid receptor alpha (Rar? receiver retinoid X beta (Rxr?), divalent metal transporter 1 (Dmt1) and Ferroportin 1 (Fpn1), system by polymerase chain reaction in realtime (qRT-PCR). Comparisons among the test groups were done using independent sample test t-test and in all tests, a value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) caused a decrease in serum iron and transferrin saturation, spleen iron accumulation, increased of Bmp6 and Hfe2 mRNA levels and decreased Hamp, Smad7 and Rar ? in liver, and the reduction mRNA levels of Fpn1 in the intestine. The rats treated with iron deficient diet (FeD) decreased serum iron levels, transferrin saturation, iron concentrations in the liver, intestine, and spleen and decreased of Bmp6, Hfe2, Hamp and Smad7 mRNA levels in liver. The association of vitamin A and iron deficiency (VAFeD) also caused a decrease in serum iron, transferrin saturation, iron concentrations in the liver, intestine and spleen, and Hamp and Smad7 mRNA hepatic levels. The replacement of retinyl ester by atRA in diet (atRA) caused a decrease in serum iron levels, increased iron concentrations in the liver and spleen, decreased iron concentrations in the intestine, lower Hamp and increased Rar? hepatic mRNA levels and, reduced Dmt1 and Fpn1 mRNA levels with increased Bmp6 in intestine. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that dietary vitamin A deficiency promotes a reduction in iron systemic availability with concomitant spleen accumulation. Systemic iron deficiency promoted by vitamin A deficiency, reduces the iron availability for erythropoiesis, suggesting that the erythroid signal prevail in the regulation of Hamp transcription. The results suggest that vitamin A deficiency modulates hepcidin expression in the liver in an indirect way, not involving the Rar∝
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A deficiência de vitamina A induz a deficiência sistêmica de ferro e reduz os níveis de transcrito hepático de Hamp, apesar de aumentar os níveis de transcritos de Hfe2 e Bmp6
2013Co-Authors: Mendes, Juliana Frossard RibeiroAbstract:Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição Humana, 2013.Introdução: As deficiências de vitamina A e ferro são as carências nutricionais mais prevalentes no mundo. Estudos recentes sugerem que existe uma inter-relação entre a vitamina A e o metabolismo do ferro, porém os mecanismos envolvidos ainda não estão esclarecidos. Os retinoides modulam a expressão de diversos genes por meio da ligação aos receptores nucleares, como os receptores de ácido retinoico e receptores de retinoides X. Considerando que a hepcidina é responsável pela regulação sistêmica da homeostase do ferro e tem a sua expressão regulada em parte através da via de sinalização da hemojuvelina-proteína morfogenética do osso 6 - proteínas SMAD, o presente estudo avaliou o efeito da deficiência de vitamina A nos biomarcadores do status de ferro, nos níveis de transcritos de genes envolvidos na via de sinalização HJV-BMP-SMAD, e o possível envolvimento dos receptores nucleares RAR e RXR na manutenção da homeostase de ferro pela vitamina A. Métodos Trinta ratos Wistar machos foram tratados por 59 dias com uma das seguintes dietas: dieta controle; dieta deficiente em vitamina A (VAD); dieta deficiente em ferro (FeD); dieta deficiente em vitamina A e ferro (VAFeD) e dieta com ácido retinoico todo-trans (atRA). Os parâmetros hematológicos foram determinados utilizando kits comerciais. O fígado, intestino e baço foram removidos para determinação da concentração de ferro por espectroscopia de emissão atômica. Os níveis hepáticos de retinol foram quantificados por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência. No fígado foram determinados os níveis de mRNA da hepcidina (Hamp), hemojuvelina (Hfe2), proteína morfogenêtica do osso 6 (Bmp6), SMAD 7 (Smad7), receptor de ácido retinóico alfa (Rar ∝, receptor de retinoides X beta (Rxrβ), e no intestino os níveis de mRNA do transportador de metal divalente 1 (Dmt1) e Ferroportina 1 (Fpn1), por sistema de reação da polimerase em cadeia em tempo-real (qRT-PCR). As comparações entre os grupos de tratamento foram realizadas utilizando teste t-student para amostras independentes e o valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente diferente. Resultados A deficiência de vitamina A (VAD) promoveu a redução dos níveis séricos de ferro e da saturação de transferrina, acúmulo de ferro no baço, aumento dos níveis de mRNA da Bmp6 e Hfe2 e diminuição de Hamp, Smad7 e Rar ∝ no fígado, além da redução dos níveis de mRNA da Fpn1 no intestino. Os ratos tratados com dieta deficiente em ferro (FeD) apresentaram redução dos níveis séricos de ferro, da saturação de transferrina, da concentração de ferro no fígado, intestino e baço e diminuição dos níveis de mRNA de Bmp6, Hfe2, Hamp e Smad7 no fígado. A associação das deficiências de vitamina A e ferro (VAFeD) promoveu a redução dos níveis séricos de ferro, da saturação de transferrina, da concentração de ferro no fígado, intestino e baço e dos níveis hepáticos de mRNA da Hamp e Smad7. A substituição do estér de retinil pelo atRA na dieta promoveu uma redução dos níveis séricos de ferro, aumento da concentração de ferro no fígado e redução no intestino e baço, também apresentaram diminuição dos níveis de mRNA hepáticos de Hamp e aumento de Rar ∝, além de reduzir os níveis de mRNA de Dmt1, Fpn1e aumentar o Bmp6 no intestino. Conclusão Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que a deficiência dietética de vitamina A promove uma redução da disponibilidade sistêmica de ferro com concomitante acúmulo desse micronutriente no baço. A deficiência sistêmica de ferro promovida pela deficiência de vitamina A, diminui a disponibilidade de ferro para a eritropoiese, sugerindo que o sinal eritróide prevaleça na regulação da expressão de Hamp. Os resultados sugerem ainda que a deficiência de vitamina A modula a transcrição da hepcidina no fígado de maneira indireta, não envolvendo o receptor Rar ∝. ________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTIntroduction Vitamin A and iron deficiencies of are the most prevalent nutritional deficiencie in the world. Although recent studies suggest that there is an interrelationship between vitamin A and iron metabolism, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Retinoids modulate the expression of various genes by binding to nuclear receptors such as the retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors. Whereas hepcidin is responsible for regulating systemic iron homeostasis and its expression is regulated in part through the signaling pathway of hemojuvelin-bone morphogenetic protein 6 - SMAD proteins, the present study evaluated the effect of vitamin A deficiency in iron status biomarkers, the transcript levels of genes involved in signaling pathway HJV-BMP-SMAD, and the possible involvement of nuclear receptors, RAR and RXR in the maintenance of iron homeostasis by vitamin A. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were treated for 59 days with one of the following diets: control diet; vitamin A deficient diet (VAD); iron deficient diet (FeD); vitamin A and iron deficient diet (VAFeD) and the all-trans retinoic acid diet (atRA). Hematological parameters were obtained using commercial kits. Liver, intestine and spleen were removed for determination of iron concentration by atomic emission spectroscopy. The retinol hepatic levels were obtained by high performance liquid chromatography. Were determined in liver and intestine, the mRNA levels of hepcidin (Hamp), hemojuvelin (Hfe2), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (Bmp6), SMAD 7 (Smad7), retinoic acid receptor alpha (Rar? receiver retinoid X beta (Rxr?), divalent metal transporter 1 (Dmt1) and Ferroportin 1 (Fpn1), system by polymerase chain reaction in realtime (qRT-PCR). Comparisons among the test groups were done using independent sample test t-test and in all tests, a value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) caused a decrease in serum iron and transferrin saturation, spleen iron accumulation, increased of Bmp6 and Hfe2 mRNA levels and decreased Hamp, Smad7 and Rar ? in liver, and the reduction mRNA levels of Fpn1 in the intestine. The rats treated with iron deficient diet (FeD) decreased serum iron levels, transferrin saturation, iron concentrations in the liver, intestine, and spleen and decreased of Bmp6, Hfe2, Hamp and Smad7 mRNA levels in liver. The association of vitamin A and iron deficiency (VAFeD) also caused a decrease in serum iron, transferrin saturation, iron concentrations in the liver, intestine and spleen, and Hamp and Smad7 mRNA hepatic levels. The replacement of retinyl ester by atRA in diet (atRA) caused a decrease in serum iron levels, increased iron concentrations in the liver and spleen, decreased iron concentrations in the intestine, lower Hamp and increased Rar? hepatic mRNA levels and, reduced Dmt1 and Fpn1 mRNA levels with increased Bmp6 in intestine. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that dietary vitamin A deficiency promotes a reduction in iron systemic availability with concomitant spleen accumulation. Systemic iron deficiency promoted by vitamin A deficiency, reduces the iron availability for erythropoiesis, suggesting that the erythroid signal prevail in the regulation of Hamp transcription. The results suggest that vitamin A deficiency modulates hepcidin expression in the liver in an indirect way, not involving the Rar∝
Eun Young Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bioactive dietary polyphenolic compounds reduce nonheme iron transport across human intestinal cell monolayers
Journal of Nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Eun Young Kim, Mark K Shigenaga, Sookyung Ham, Okhee HanAbstract:There is persuasive epidemiological evidence that regular intake of dietary bioactive polyphenolic compounds promotes human health. Because dietary polyphenolic compounds have a wide range of effects in vivo and vitro, including chelation of metals such as iron, it is prudent to test whether the regular consumption of bioactive polyphenolic components impair the utilization of dietary iron. We examined the influence of the dietary polyphenols (-) -epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and grape seed extract (GSE) on transepithelial iron transport in Caco-2 intestinal cells. The range of EGCG and GSE concentrations used in this study was within physiological levels and did not affect the integrity of differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers. Both EGCG and GSE decreased (P < 0.001) transepithelial iron transport. However, apical iron uptake was increased (P < 0.001) by the addition of EGCG and GSE. The increased uptake of iron might be due in part to the reducing activity of EGCG and GSE. Both EGCG and GSE reduced approximately 15% of the applied Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) in the uptake buffer. Despite the increased cellular levels of (55)Fe, the transfer of iron across the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte was extremely low, indicating that basolateral exit via Ferroportin-1 was impaired, possibly through formation of a nontransportable polyphenol-iron complex. Our data show that polyphenols inhibit nonheme iron absorption by reducing basolateral iron exit rather than by decreasing apical iron import in intestinal cells.
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colocalization of Ferroportin 1 with hephaestin on the basolateral membrane of human intestinal absorptive cells
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Okhee Han, Eun Young KimAbstract:An iron exporter Ferroportin-1 (FPN-1) and a multi-copper oxidase hephaestin (Heph) are predicted to be expressed on the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte and involved in the processes of iron export across the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte. However, it is not clear where these proteins are exactly located in the intestinal absorptive cell. We examined cellular localization of FPN-1 and Heph in the intestinal absorptive cells using the fully differentiated Caco-2 cells. Confocal microscope study showed that FPN-1 and Heph are located on the basolateral membrane and they are associated with the transferrin receptor (TfR) in fully differentiated Caco-2 cells grown on microporous membrane inserts. However, Heph protein was not detected in the crypt cell-like proliferating Caco-2 cell. In stably transfected human intestinal absorptive cells expressing human FPN-1 modified by the addition of GFP at the C-terminus, we show that FPN-1-GFP is located on the basolateral membrane and it is associated with Heph suggesting the possibility that FPN-1 might associate and interact with Heph in the process of iron exit across the basolateral membrane of intestinal absorptive cell.
Marco T Nunez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inflammation alters the expression of DMT1, FPN1 and hepcidin, and it causes iron accumulation in central nervous system cells
Journal of neurochemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Pamela J Urrutia, Victoria Tapia, Pabla Aguirre, Andrés Esparza, Natalia Mena, Miguel Arredondo, Christian Gonzalez-billault, Marco T NunezAbstract:Inflammation and iron accumulation are present in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The study of the putative association between inflammation and iron accumulation in central nervous system cells is relevant to understand the contribution of these processes to the progression of neuronal death. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and of lipopolysaccharide on total cell iron content and on the expression and abundance of the iron transporters divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and Ferroportin 1 (FPN1) in neurons, astrocytes and microglia obtained from rat brain. Considering previous reports indicating that inflammatory stimuli induce the systemic synthesis of the master iron regulator hepcidin, we identified brain cells that produce hepcidin in response to inflammatory stimuli, as well as hepcidin-target cells. We found that inflammatory stimuli increased the expression of DMT1 in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Inflammatory stimuli also induced the expression of hepcidin in astrocytes and microglia, but not in neurons. Incubation with hepcidin decreased the expression of FPN1 in the three cell types. The net result of these changes was increased iron accumulation in neurons and microglia but not in astrocytes. The data presented here establish for the first time a causal association between inflammation and iron accumulation in brain cells, probably promoted by changes in DMT1 and FPN1 expression and mediated in part by hepcidin. This connection may potentially contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases by enhancing iron-induced oxidative damage.
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the dopamine metabolite aminochrome inhibits mitochondrial complex i and modifies the expression of iron transporters dmt1 and fpn1
Biometals, 2012Co-Authors: Pabla Aguirre, Victoria Tapia, Pamela J Urrutia, Monica Villa, Irmgad Paris, Juan Seguraaguilar, Marco T NunezAbstract:Hallmarks of idiopathic and some forms of familial Parkinson’s disease are mitochondrial dysfunction, iron accumulation and oxidative stress in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. There seems to be a causal link between these three conditions, since mitochondrial dysfunction can give rise to increased electron leak and reactive oxygen species production. In turn, recent evidence indicates that diminished activity of mitochondrial complex I results in decreased Fe–S cluster synthesis and anomalous activation of Iron Regulatory Protein 1. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction could be a founding event in the process that leads to neuronal death. Here, we present evidence showing that at low micromolar concentrations, the dopamine metabolite aminochrome inhibits complex I and ATP production in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells differentiated into a dopaminergic phenotype. This effect is apparently direct, since it is replicated in isolated mitochondria. Additionally, overnight treatment with aminochrome increased the expression of the iron import transporter divalent metal transporter 1 and decreased the expression of the iron export transporter Ferroportin 1. In accordance with these findings, cells treated with aminochrome presented increased iron uptake. These results suggest that aminochrome is an endogenous toxin that inhibits by oxidative modifications mitochondrial complex I and modifies the levels of iron transporters in a way that leads to iron accumulation.
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iron supply determines apical basolateral membrane distribution of intestinal iron transporters dmt1 and Ferroportin 1
American Journal of Physiology-cell Physiology, 2010Co-Authors: Marco T Nunez, Victoria Tapia, Alejandro Rojas, Pabla Aguirre, Francisco J Gomez, Francisco NualartAbstract:Intestinal iron absorption comprises the coordinated activity of the influx transporter divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and the efflux transporter Ferroportin (FPN). In this work, we studied th...
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antisense gene delivered by an adenoassociated viral vector inhibits iron uptake in human intestinal cells potential application in hemochromatosis
Biochemical Pharmacology, 2005Co-Authors: Fernando Ezquer, Marco T Nunez, Yedy IsraelAbstract:Abstract Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a condition in which intestinal iron absorption is greatly elevated. Present treatment is weekly phlebotomy, affecting quality of life and leading to recurrent infections. The iron transporter divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT-1) of enterocytes is responsible for iron uptake from the intestinal lumen; iron is further extruded into the blood by the basolateral transporter Ferroportin-1. A therapeutic approach for HH could start with a long-term reduction of iron transport by reduction of DMT-1 levels. We designed an AAV vector coding for a short antisense RNA (AAV-DMT-1-AS) against DMT-1, which reduced iron uptake by 50–60% in human intestinal cells (Caco-2). At low infection levels, DMT-1 mRNA virtually disappeared, suggesting RNAi-like and/or RNase H antisense effects. DMT-1 mRNA levels returned to normal at higher infection levels, indicating that an additional mechanism of mRNA occupation, able to block DMT-1 translation and to avoid feedback regulation by iron responsive elements (IRE), also exists. Cell morphology was normal in all cases and no increases in the interferon-related responses, measured by (a) 2′-5′ A oligo synthetase (b) IFITM1 and (c) ISGF3γ mRNA levels, were observed. Studies presented herein indicate that enterocyte targeting with a gene coding for a short antisense against iron transport blocks enterocyte iron uptake, which may have therapeutic value.