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Philip M Gschwend - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ferrous Iron Oxidation rates in the pycnocline of a permanently stratified lake
Chemosphere, 2007Co-Authors: Sergi Diez, Gregory O Noonan, John K Macfarlane, Philip M GschwendAbstract:Ferrous Iron was found year round at 2–4 mM in the anoxic hypolimnion of the Halls Brook Holding Area (HBHA), a small lake in eastern Massachusetts. Oxygenated epilimnion waters always had total Iron concentrations of <80 nanomolar, implying nearly complete Oxidation of Ferrous Iron as it mixed upward across the lake’s pycnocline. Assuming conductivity was a conservative parameter, and using data on the lake’s water balance, upward advection rates (0.02–0.05 m d � 1 ) and vertical eddy diffusion coefficients (0.007– 0.05 m 2 d � 1 ) were determined for the lake’s pycnocline on five dates. Using the same advection and diffusion parameters, corresponding pseudo first-order rate coefficients for Ferrous Iron Oxidation, kox (s � 1 ), on those dates were calculated (0.0004–0.007 s � 1 ). The values of kox (s � 1 ) were always too large to reflect only homogeneous solution reactions; and on at least four dates they appeared too fast to be due to heterogeneous catalysis on Iron oxyhydroxides. This suggested that Ferrous Iron Oxidation in this lake’s pycnocline was primarily due to catalysis by microorganisms, and this was supported by comparison of azide-poisoned vs. untreated batch tests. As a result of their continuous production, Iron oxyhydroxide precipitates and any associated sorbates/coprecipitates are most likely continuously settling back into the lake’s deep water and bed sediments, except when episodic storm events flush these solids out of the pycnocline and downstream via the Aberjona River. � 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Ferrous Iron Oxidation rates in the pycnocline of a permanently stratified lake
Chemosphere, 2006Co-Authors: Sergi Diez, Gregory O Noonan, John K Macfarlane, Philip M GschwendAbstract:Ferrous Iron was found year round at 2–4 mM in the anoxic hypolimnion of the Halls Brook Holding Area (HBHA), a small lake in eastern Massachusetts. Oxygenated epilimnion waters always had total Iron concentrations of
Matthias Reuss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potential of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans for waste gas purification. Part 1. Kinetics of continuous Ferrous Iron Oxidation
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1993Co-Authors: H. Halfmeier, W. Schäfer-treffenfeldt, Matthias ReussAbstract:Kinetic data of Ferrous Iron Oxidation by Thionacillus ferrooxidans were determined. The aim was to remove H2S (
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Potential of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans for waste gas purification. Part 2. Increase in continuous Ferrous Iron Oxidation kinetics using immobilized cells
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1993Co-Authors: H. Halfmeier, W. Schäfer-treffenfeldt, Matthias ReussAbstract:Thiobacillus ferrooxidans could be used to regenerate Ferrous sulphate solution produced in a process to remove H2S from waste gas if the reaction rate could be increased. The aim of the present study was to increase the volumetric productivity by using immobilized cells. Kinetic data of Ferrous Iron Oxidation were determined in fixed-bed and fluidized-bed reactor configurations with different support materials in order to find the most practical system for scale-up. By using a fixed-bed reactor the Iron Oxidation rate can be increased to 3.6 g l−1 h−1, fivefold higher than suspended cells, and results in a bioreactor of reasonable size. With the kinetic data obtained, the biological reaction is no longer a limiting factor for industrial-scale application.
Sergi Diez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ferrous Iron Oxidation rates in the pycnocline of a permanently stratified lake
Chemosphere, 2007Co-Authors: Sergi Diez, Gregory O Noonan, John K Macfarlane, Philip M GschwendAbstract:Ferrous Iron was found year round at 2–4 mM in the anoxic hypolimnion of the Halls Brook Holding Area (HBHA), a small lake in eastern Massachusetts. Oxygenated epilimnion waters always had total Iron concentrations of <80 nanomolar, implying nearly complete Oxidation of Ferrous Iron as it mixed upward across the lake’s pycnocline. Assuming conductivity was a conservative parameter, and using data on the lake’s water balance, upward advection rates (0.02–0.05 m d � 1 ) and vertical eddy diffusion coefficients (0.007– 0.05 m 2 d � 1 ) were determined for the lake’s pycnocline on five dates. Using the same advection and diffusion parameters, corresponding pseudo first-order rate coefficients for Ferrous Iron Oxidation, kox (s � 1 ), on those dates were calculated (0.0004–0.007 s � 1 ). The values of kox (s � 1 ) were always too large to reflect only homogeneous solution reactions; and on at least four dates they appeared too fast to be due to heterogeneous catalysis on Iron oxyhydroxides. This suggested that Ferrous Iron Oxidation in this lake’s pycnocline was primarily due to catalysis by microorganisms, and this was supported by comparison of azide-poisoned vs. untreated batch tests. As a result of their continuous production, Iron oxyhydroxide precipitates and any associated sorbates/coprecipitates are most likely continuously settling back into the lake’s deep water and bed sediments, except when episodic storm events flush these solids out of the pycnocline and downstream via the Aberjona River. � 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Ferrous Iron Oxidation rates in the pycnocline of a permanently stratified lake
Chemosphere, 2006Co-Authors: Sergi Diez, Gregory O Noonan, John K Macfarlane, Philip M GschwendAbstract:Ferrous Iron was found year round at 2–4 mM in the anoxic hypolimnion of the Halls Brook Holding Area (HBHA), a small lake in eastern Massachusetts. Oxygenated epilimnion waters always had total Iron concentrations of
T. Vargas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bacterial Oxidation of Ferrous Iron by acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in the ph range 2 5 7 0
Hydrometallurgy, 2003Co-Authors: G. Meruane, T. VargasAbstract:The Oxidation of Ferrous Iron by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in the pH range 2.5–7.0 was characterized. In order to measure the rate of bacterial Oxidation of Ferrous Iron with A. ferrooxidans in this high pH range, a novel experimental methodology was developed. The results showed that the inhibition of Ferrous Iron Oxidation activity by A. ferrooxidans observed at pH values above 3.0 is partially linked to the formation of ferric Iron precipitates, which apparently hinder transport processes on the cell surface. By carefully controlling the amount of Iron precipitates formed during the Oxidation of Ferrous Iron in this pH range, enhanced bacterial activity was obtained.
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novel electrochemical enzymatic model which quantifies the effect of the solution eh on the kinetics of Ferrous Iron Oxidation with acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2002Co-Authors: G. Meruane, C. Salhe, Jacques V. Wiertz, T. VargasAbstract:The influence of solution Eh on the rate of Ferrous Iron Oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is characterized. The experimental approach was based on the use of a two-chamber bioelectrochemical cell, which can determine the Ferrous Iron Oxidation rate at controlled potential. Results enabled the formulation of a novel kinetic model, which incorporates the effect of solution Eh in an explicit form but still integrates the effect of Ferrous Iron concentration and ferric inhibition. The results showed that at Eh values below 650 mV (standard hydrogen electrode, SHE) the bacterial oxidative activity is mainly dependent on Ferrous Iron concentration. At Eh values between 650 and 820 mV (SHE) the Oxidation rate is mainly controlled by ferric inhibition. Over 820 mV (SHE) the bacterial oxidative activity is strongly inhibited by the Eh increase, being completely inhibited at Eh = 840 mV (SHE).
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Novel electrochemical–enzymatic model which quantifies the effect of the solution Eh on the kinetics of Ferrous Iron Oxidation with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Biotechnology and bioengineering, 2002Co-Authors: G. Meruane, C. Salhe, Jacques V. Wiertz, T. VargasAbstract:The influence of solution Eh on the rate of Ferrous Iron Oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is characterized. The experimental approach was based on the use of a two-chamber bioelectrochemical cell, which can determine the Ferrous Iron Oxidation rate at controlled potential. Results enabled the formulation of a novel kinetic model, which incorporates the effect of solution Eh in an explicit form but still integrates the effect of Ferrous Iron concentration and ferric inhibition. The results showed that at Eh values below 650 mV (standard hydrogen electrode, SHE) the bacterial oxidative activity is mainly dependent on Ferrous Iron concentration. At Eh values between 650 and 820 mV (SHE) the Oxidation rate is mainly controlled by ferric inhibition. Over 820 mV (SHE) the bacterial oxidative activity is strongly inhibited by the Eh increase, being completely inhibited at Eh = 840 mV (SHE).
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A method for evaluating the proportion of free and attached bacteria in the bioleaching of chalcopyrite with Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
Hydrometallurgy, 1996Co-Authors: B. Escobar, Jacques V. Wiertz, Eugenia Jedlicki, T. VargasAbstract:Abstract A method for evaluating the proportion of bacteria attached to mineral sulfides is presented. The method is based on the determination of the rate of Ferrous Iron Oxidation by attached bacteria on the mineral surfaces. The values obtained with this procedure are in agreement with measurements of attached bacteria using bacteria grown with radioactive (C 14 ) NaHCO 3 . The methodology was used to evaluate the fraction of bacteria attached to chalcopyrite during bioleaching of this sulfide. It was observed that a significant fraction of the bacteria grow attached to the mineral.
Paul R Norris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ore column leaching with thermophiles i copper sulfide ore
Hydrometallurgy, 2012Co-Authors: Paul R Norris, Leonides A Calvobado, Carly F Brown, Carol S DavisbelmarAbstract:Abstract The concentrations of Ferrous Iron in ore column effluents and the pH of the effluents during the leaching of a copper sulfide ore were followed as an indication of the activity of the microbial populations that were established in the ore columns. The impact of this activity and the release of copper were influenced by addition of ferric Iron to the irrigation solution, by imposed anoxic conditions and, particularly at higher temperatures, by precipitation of oxidised Iron compounds. Moderately thermophilic, acidophilic actinobacteria appeared to dominate the microbial population at 47–57 °C with a transition to Ferrous Iron Oxidation by thermophilic archaea as the temperature was increased above 60 °C.
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Ferrous Iron Oxidation and rusticyanin in halotolerant, acidophilic 'Thiobacillus prosperus'.
Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: James Le C. Nicolle, Susan Simmons, Stephan Bathe, Paul R NorrisAbstract:The halotolerant acidophile ‘Thiobacillus prosperus’ was shown to require chloride for growth. With Ferrous Iron as substrate, growth occurred at a rate similar to that of the well-studied acidophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Previously, the salt (NaCl) requirement of ‘T. prosperus’ was not clear and its growth on Ferrous Iron was described as poor. A subtractive hybridization of cDNAs from Ferrous-Iron-grown and sulfur-grown ‘T. prosperus’ strain V6 led to identification of a cluster of genes similar to the rus operon reported to encode Ferrous Iron Oxidation in A. ferrooxidans. However, the ‘T. prosperus’ gene cluster did not contain a homologue of cyc1, which is thought to encode a key cytochrome c in the pathway of electron transport from Ferrous Iron in A. ferrooxidans. Rusticyanin, another key protein in Ferrous Iron Oxidation by A. ferrooxidans, was present in ‘T. prosperus’ at similar concentrations in cells grown on either Ferrous Iron or sulfur.
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Ferrous Iron Oxidation and leaching of copper ore with halotolerant bacteria in ore columns
Hydrometallurgy, 2008Co-Authors: Carol S. Davis-belmar, James Le C. Nicolle, Paul R NorrisAbstract:Growth on Ferrous Iron of a new isolate of the acidophile Thiobacillus prosperus occurred with a substrate Oxidation rate similar to that of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. As well as similar capacities for Iron Oxidation, these species were shown to possess similar, but not identical, clusters of genes (the rus operon) that encode proteins likely to be involved in transfer of electrons from Ferrous Iron. Abundant rusticyanin was present in acidified, cell-free extracts of T prosperus. In contrast to these similarities between the species, T prosperus grew at a salt (NaCl) concentration several times that which prevented growth of A. ferrooxidans. A mixed culture of halotolerant bacteria maintained continuous Ferrous Iron Oxidation in the presence of 5% w/v NaCl in solution percolating through ore in laboratory columns, and so enhanced ferric Iron-dependent solubilization of copper. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Ferrous Iron Oxidation by Salt-Tolerant “Thiobacillus prosperus”
Advanced Materials Research, 2007Co-Authors: Carol S. Davis-belmar, James Le C. Nicolle, Paul R NorrisAbstract:Growth on Ferrous Iron of a new isolate of the halotolerant acidophile “Thiobacillus prosperus” occurred with a substrate Oxidation rate similar to that of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, but with a requirement for salt (NaCl). These observations contrast with the previous description of “T. prosperus” in which a salt requirement was not noted and growth on Ferrous Iron was described as poor. As well as similar capacities for Iron Oxidation, these species were shown to possess similar clusters of genes (the rus operon) that encode proteins likely to be involved in transfer of electrons from Ferrous Iron. There were some differences in the organization of the genes and one of them that encodes a cytochrome c in At. ferrooxidans was absent from the “T. prosperus” cluster.
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Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans gen. nov., sp. nov.: mixed-culture Ferrous Iron Oxidation with Sulfobacillus species
Microbiology, 1996Co-Authors: Darren A Clark, Paul R NorrisAbstract:A new species of Ferrous-Iron-oxidizing, moderately thermophilic, acidophilic bacteria, Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans, has been described. Two isolates of the species differed only in the tendency of one, previously known as strain TH3, to grow in filaments. The chromosomal DNA base composition is between 67 and 69 mol% G + C. The capacity of this species to fix CO2 from air was greater than that of Iron-oxidizing thermoacidophiles of the genus Sulfobacillus, which required an enhanced CO2 concentration for optimum autotrophic growth. Under air, Ferrous Iron Oxidation in mixed cultures of A. ferrooxidans with either Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans or Sulfobacillus acidophilus was more extensive than in pure cultures of these three strains. The greater part of Ferrous Iron Oxidation in mixed cultures probably resulted from activity of the Sulfobacillus species, which possess a greater tolerance of ferric Iron, and which presumably grew mixotrophically utilizing organic compounds from A. ferrooxidans.