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A. Oberson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Water soluble phosphate Fertilizers for crops grown in calcareous soils – an outdated paradigm for recycled phosphorus Fertilizers?
Plant and Soil, 2018Co-Authors: G. Meyer, E. Frossard, P. Mäder, S. Nanzer, D. G. Randall, K. M. Udert, A. ObersonAbstract:Background and aims The current paradigm for phosphorus (P) Fertilizers applied to calcareous soil is that almost entirely water soluble P Fertilizers are efficient and sparingly soluble P Fertilizers are not efficient P sources for crops. We hypothesize that this paradigm does not apply to recycled P Fertilizers and that other P pools can explain the plant use of recycled P Fertilizers on calcareous soil. Methods We applied ^33P isotopic dilution method to evaluate recycled P Fertilizers based on plant P uptake from Fertilizer relative to plant uptake from a water soluble P reference Fertilizer. The predictability of Fertilizer effectiveness based on sequentially extracted P forms and X-ray diffraction pattern of recycled Fertilizers derived from sewage sludge, human urine and organic waste was evaluated. Results The plant experiments showed that tested recycled P Fertilizers including compost were more effective than rock phosphate. The water insoluble P contained in urine based products was almost as effective as a fully water soluble P Fertilizer. The tested recycled P Fertilizers are characterized by complex P compounds differing in solubility which were so far not considered in the water and citric acid extraction methods. The fraction of resin- and NaHCO_3 extractable Fertilizer P explained effectiveness of P Fertilizer applied to the calcareous and to an acidic soil. Conclusion We concluded that water solubility is not required when P forms in recycled products are comparable to reactions products of rock phosphate based Fertilizers in soil. Alternatives to fully water soluble P Fertilizers are available to supply P to crops grown on calcareous soil efficiently.
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water soluble phosphate Fertilizers for crops grown in calcareous soils an outdated paradigm for recycled phosphorus Fertilizers
Plant and Soil, 2018Co-Authors: G. Meyer, E. Frossard, P. Mäder, S. Nanzer, D. G. Randall, K. M. Udert, A. ObersonAbstract:Background and aims The current paradigm for phosphorus (P) Fertilizers applied to calcareous soil is that almost entirely water soluble P Fertilizers are efficient and sparingly soluble P Fertilizers are not efficient P sources for crops. We hypothesize that this paradigm does not apply to recycled P Fertilizers and that other P pools can explain the plant use of recycled P Fertilizers on calcareous soil. Methods We applied 33P isotopic dilution method to evaluate recycled P Fertilizers based on plant P uptake from Fertilizer relative to plant uptake from a water soluble P reference Fertilizer. The predictability of Fertilizer effectiveness based on sequentially extracted P forms and X-ray diffraction pattern of recycled Fertilizers derived from sewage sludge, human urine and organic waste was evaluated. Results The plant experiments showed that tested recycled P Fertilizers including compost were more effective than rock phosphate. The water insoluble P contained in urine based products was almost as effective as a fully water soluble P Fertilizer. The tested recycled P Fertilizers are characterized by complex P compounds differing in solubility which were so far not considered in the water and citric acid extraction methods. The fraction of resin- and NaHCO3 extractable Fertilizer P explained effectiveness of P Fertilizer applied to the calcareous and to an acidic soil. Conclusion We concluded that water solubility is not required when P forms in recycled products are comparable to reactions products of rock phosphate based Fertilizers in soil. Alternatives to fully water soluble P Fertilizers are available to supply P to crops grown on calcareous soil efficiently.
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Plant uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen recycled from synthetic source-separated urine
AMBIO, 2015Co-Authors: Christophe Bonvin, S. Nanzer, K. M. Udert, Bastian Etter, Emmanuel Frossard, Federica Tamburini, A. ObersonAbstract:Urine contains about 50 % of the phosphorus (P) and about 90 % of the nitrogen (N) excreted by humans and is therefore an interesting substrate for nutrient recovery. Source-separated urine can be used to precipitate struvite or, through a newly developed technology, nitrified urine Fertilizer (NUF). In this study, we prepared ^33P radioisotope- and stable ^15N isotope-labeled synthetic NUF (SNUF) and struvite using synthetic urine and determined P and N uptake by greenhouse-grown ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum var. Gemini) fertilized with these products. The P and N in the urine-based Fertilizers were as readily plant-available in a slightly acidic soil as the P and N in reference mineral Fertilizers. The ryegrass crop recovered 26 % of P applied with both urine-based Fertilizers and 72 and 75 % of N applied as struvite and SNUF, respectively. Thus, NUF and urine-derived struvite are valuable N and P recycling Fertilizers.
Willy Verstraete - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Combined effect of Fertilizer and herbicide applications on the abundance, community structure and performance of the soil methanotrophic community
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Dave Seghers, Steven D. Siciliano, Willy VerstraeteAbstract:The use of agrochemicals, such as mineral Fertilizers and herbicides in agricultural systems, may affect the potential of soils to act as a sink for methane. Typically, the effect of each agrochemical on soil methane oxidation is investigated separately whereas in the field these agrochemicals are used together to form one comprehensive land management system. Here we report the results of field experiments that assessed the combined effect of multiple Fertilizer and herbicide (nicosulfuron, dimethenamide and atrazine) applications on the soil methanotrophic community. Soils treated with organic Fertilizer had three times higher methane oxidation rates compared to soils receiving mineral Fertilizers. These higher oxidation rates were positively reflected in a significantly enhanced abundance of methanotrophs for the organic fertilized soils. In contrast, herbicide application did not alter significantly the soil methane oxidation rate or the methane-oxidizing population abundance. Subsequently, the methanotrophic community structure was analyzed with group-specific DGGE of 16S rRNA genes. Cluster analysis of the methanotrophic patterns clearly separated the mineral from organically fertilized soils. Less pronounced clustering differentiated between chemical and manual weed control. Furthermore, cluster analysis of the methanotrophic community revealed that soil type was the primary determinant of the community structure. Our results indicate that Fertilizer type had the greatest influence on methane oxidizer activity and abundance. Soil type had the most pronounced effect on the microbial community structure.
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long term effects of mineral versus organic Fertilizers on activity and structure of the methanotrophic community in agricultural soils
Environmental Microbiology, 2003Co-Authors: Dave Seghers, Willy Verstraete, Dirk Reheul, Robert Bulcke, Pascal Boeckx, Steven D. SicilianoAbstract:Agricultural practices, such as mineral nitrogen fertilization, have an impact on the soil's ability to oxidize methane, but little is known about the shifts in the methanotrophic community composition associated with these practices. Therefore, the long-term effect of both mineral (NH4NO3) and organic (manure and GFT-compost) Fertilizer applications on the soil methanotrophic community activity and structure were investigated. Both high and low affinity methane oxidation rates were lower in the soil treated with mineral Fertilizer compared to the other soils. An enhanced nitrate concentration was observed in the mineral fertilized soil but nitrate did not show a direct affect on the high affinity methane oxidation. In contrast, the low affinity methane oxidation was slowed down by increased nitrate concentrations, which suggests a direct effect of nitrate on low affinity methane oxidation. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments specific for methanotrophs revealed a distinct community between the mineral and organic fertilized soils as extra Type I methanotrophic bands (phylotypes) became visible in the organic fertilized soils. These phylotypes were not visible in the patterns of the added organic Fertilizers suggesting an indirect effect of the organic Fertilizers on the methanotrophic community. Additionally, a molecular analysis was performed after the low affinity methane oxidation test. The enhanced methane concentrations used in the test enriched certain low affinity methanotrophs in the organic fertilized soils but not in the mineral fertilized soil. Supporting the molecular and functional observations, fatty acids characteristic for methanotrophs were less abundant in the soil treated with mineral Fertilizer compared to the soil treated with compost. In conclusion, the function and molecular and chemical composition of the methanotrophic community are all altered in soil fertilized with mineral Fertilizer.
Steven D. Siciliano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Combined effect of Fertilizer and herbicide applications on the abundance, community structure and performance of the soil methanotrophic community
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Dave Seghers, Steven D. Siciliano, Willy VerstraeteAbstract:The use of agrochemicals, such as mineral Fertilizers and herbicides in agricultural systems, may affect the potential of soils to act as a sink for methane. Typically, the effect of each agrochemical on soil methane oxidation is investigated separately whereas in the field these agrochemicals are used together to form one comprehensive land management system. Here we report the results of field experiments that assessed the combined effect of multiple Fertilizer and herbicide (nicosulfuron, dimethenamide and atrazine) applications on the soil methanotrophic community. Soils treated with organic Fertilizer had three times higher methane oxidation rates compared to soils receiving mineral Fertilizers. These higher oxidation rates were positively reflected in a significantly enhanced abundance of methanotrophs for the organic fertilized soils. In contrast, herbicide application did not alter significantly the soil methane oxidation rate or the methane-oxidizing population abundance. Subsequently, the methanotrophic community structure was analyzed with group-specific DGGE of 16S rRNA genes. Cluster analysis of the methanotrophic patterns clearly separated the mineral from organically fertilized soils. Less pronounced clustering differentiated between chemical and manual weed control. Furthermore, cluster analysis of the methanotrophic community revealed that soil type was the primary determinant of the community structure. Our results indicate that Fertilizer type had the greatest influence on methane oxidizer activity and abundance. Soil type had the most pronounced effect on the microbial community structure.
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long term effects of mineral versus organic Fertilizers on activity and structure of the methanotrophic community in agricultural soils
Environmental Microbiology, 2003Co-Authors: Dave Seghers, Willy Verstraete, Dirk Reheul, Robert Bulcke, Pascal Boeckx, Steven D. SicilianoAbstract:Agricultural practices, such as mineral nitrogen fertilization, have an impact on the soil's ability to oxidize methane, but little is known about the shifts in the methanotrophic community composition associated with these practices. Therefore, the long-term effect of both mineral (NH4NO3) and organic (manure and GFT-compost) Fertilizer applications on the soil methanotrophic community activity and structure were investigated. Both high and low affinity methane oxidation rates were lower in the soil treated with mineral Fertilizer compared to the other soils. An enhanced nitrate concentration was observed in the mineral fertilized soil but nitrate did not show a direct affect on the high affinity methane oxidation. In contrast, the low affinity methane oxidation was slowed down by increased nitrate concentrations, which suggests a direct effect of nitrate on low affinity methane oxidation. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments specific for methanotrophs revealed a distinct community between the mineral and organic fertilized soils as extra Type I methanotrophic bands (phylotypes) became visible in the organic fertilized soils. These phylotypes were not visible in the patterns of the added organic Fertilizers suggesting an indirect effect of the organic Fertilizers on the methanotrophic community. Additionally, a molecular analysis was performed after the low affinity methane oxidation test. The enhanced methane concentrations used in the test enriched certain low affinity methanotrophs in the organic fertilized soils but not in the mineral fertilized soil. Supporting the molecular and functional observations, fatty acids characteristic for methanotrophs were less abundant in the soil treated with mineral Fertilizer compared to the soil treated with compost. In conclusion, the function and molecular and chemical composition of the methanotrophic community are all altered in soil fertilized with mineral Fertilizer.
Dave Seghers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Combined effect of Fertilizer and herbicide applications on the abundance, community structure and performance of the soil methanotrophic community
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Dave Seghers, Steven D. Siciliano, Willy VerstraeteAbstract:The use of agrochemicals, such as mineral Fertilizers and herbicides in agricultural systems, may affect the potential of soils to act as a sink for methane. Typically, the effect of each agrochemical on soil methane oxidation is investigated separately whereas in the field these agrochemicals are used together to form one comprehensive land management system. Here we report the results of field experiments that assessed the combined effect of multiple Fertilizer and herbicide (nicosulfuron, dimethenamide and atrazine) applications on the soil methanotrophic community. Soils treated with organic Fertilizer had three times higher methane oxidation rates compared to soils receiving mineral Fertilizers. These higher oxidation rates were positively reflected in a significantly enhanced abundance of methanotrophs for the organic fertilized soils. In contrast, herbicide application did not alter significantly the soil methane oxidation rate or the methane-oxidizing population abundance. Subsequently, the methanotrophic community structure was analyzed with group-specific DGGE of 16S rRNA genes. Cluster analysis of the methanotrophic patterns clearly separated the mineral from organically fertilized soils. Less pronounced clustering differentiated between chemical and manual weed control. Furthermore, cluster analysis of the methanotrophic community revealed that soil type was the primary determinant of the community structure. Our results indicate that Fertilizer type had the greatest influence on methane oxidizer activity and abundance. Soil type had the most pronounced effect on the microbial community structure.
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long term effects of mineral versus organic Fertilizers on activity and structure of the methanotrophic community in agricultural soils
Environmental Microbiology, 2003Co-Authors: Dave Seghers, Willy Verstraete, Dirk Reheul, Robert Bulcke, Pascal Boeckx, Steven D. SicilianoAbstract:Agricultural practices, such as mineral nitrogen fertilization, have an impact on the soil's ability to oxidize methane, but little is known about the shifts in the methanotrophic community composition associated with these practices. Therefore, the long-term effect of both mineral (NH4NO3) and organic (manure and GFT-compost) Fertilizer applications on the soil methanotrophic community activity and structure were investigated. Both high and low affinity methane oxidation rates were lower in the soil treated with mineral Fertilizer compared to the other soils. An enhanced nitrate concentration was observed in the mineral fertilized soil but nitrate did not show a direct affect on the high affinity methane oxidation. In contrast, the low affinity methane oxidation was slowed down by increased nitrate concentrations, which suggests a direct effect of nitrate on low affinity methane oxidation. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments specific for methanotrophs revealed a distinct community between the mineral and organic fertilized soils as extra Type I methanotrophic bands (phylotypes) became visible in the organic fertilized soils. These phylotypes were not visible in the patterns of the added organic Fertilizers suggesting an indirect effect of the organic Fertilizers on the methanotrophic community. Additionally, a molecular analysis was performed after the low affinity methane oxidation test. The enhanced methane concentrations used in the test enriched certain low affinity methanotrophs in the organic fertilized soils but not in the mineral fertilized soil. Supporting the molecular and functional observations, fatty acids characteristic for methanotrophs were less abundant in the soil treated with mineral Fertilizer compared to the soil treated with compost. In conclusion, the function and molecular and chemical composition of the methanotrophic community are all altered in soil fertilized with mineral Fertilizer.
Zhou Zhengchao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of long term repeated mineral and organic Fertilizer applications on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in a semi arid cropland
European Journal of Agronomy, 2013Co-Authors: Zhou Zhengchao, Gan Zhuoting, Shangguan Zhouping, Zhang FupingAbstract:Abstract To meet and the ever increasing need for food and mitigation of global climate changes, plenty of Fertilizers have been used to increase crop yield in China, especially in semi-arid regions. In this study, we investigated the impacts of long-term fertilization on wheat yields, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nitrogen (N) in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China. One fallow and eight winter wheat-wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) rotation cropping plots were selected for the field experiment from 1984 to 2010 in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China. In total we conducted eight fertilization treatments including no Fertilizer, mineral nitrogen Fertilizer (N), mineral phosphate (P), cattle manure (M), N + P, N + M, P + M and N + P + M. In 2010, we collected three replicate soil samples from each plot to the depth of 100 cm from soil surface. Meanwhile, soil bulk density, SOC, total N, and mineral N (ammonium and nitrate), wheat grain and aboveground biomass yields in each plot were measured. We found that mineral Fertilizers, especially those applied together with cattle manure, increased winter wheat grain and aboveground biomass yields dramatically. Moreover, wheat biomass was found to have significant correlation with SOC and soil total N in the 0–20 cm soil layer. We also found that SOC and soil N were highest in the topsoil layers (0–30 cm) than other layers and declined to the depth of 50 cm with insignificant changes from 50 to 100 cm in all treatments. Compared to the data in 1984, Fertilizer application increased surface soil SOC content, especially for the N + P + M treatment after 26 years cropping and fertilization. However, changes in soil total N and mineral N differed from SOC with decreasing N in mineral-fertilized and fallow plots but increasing N in the M-fertilized plots.
