The Experts below are selected from a list of 204 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Brigitte Chabbert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Multimodal assessment of flax dew retting and its functional impact on Fibers and natural Fiber composites
    Industrial Crops and Products, 2020
    Co-Authors: Brigitte Chabbert, Arata Yoshinaga, Simon Hawkins, Justine Padovani, Christophe Djemiel, Jordane Ossemond, Alain Lemaître, Sebastien Grec, Johnny Beaugrand, Bernard Kurek
    Abstract:

    Flax (Linum usitatissinum L.) is an economically important Fiber Crop species as it produces long cellulosic Fibers with high tensile strength. The first step in flax Fiber extraction occurs after harvest via a process known as dew retting in which pulled (uprooted) plants are placed on the soil. During this process microorganisms from the soil and the phyllosphere develop on the plants, leading to partial decomposition of the stem tissues and facilitated mechanical extraction and improved Fiber quality. Despite its importance, the management of dew retting is mainly based on empirical knowledge that makes the process difficult to control. In this study the dynamics of flax dew retting were investigated for the first time by combining targeted-metagenomics (metabarcoding), enzymatic activities and chemical and microscopic characterization of the stem. This multimodal approach indicated that intensive microbial colonization and major chemical changes in the stem cell wall composition occurred during the first weeks of retting leading to progressive Fiber bundle decohesion in the outer stem tissues. The main changes could be explained by the degradation of pectin-rich and non-lignified thin walls of both the parenchyma cells surrounding Fiber bundles, and the differentiating xylem and cambial cells. Field emission scanning electron microscopy suggested that the ultrastructure of the Fiber secondary wall is weakly impacted by dew-retting. Analyses indicated that the mechanical properties of extracted technical Fibers were improved during the last retting stages. Overall data on thermoplastic composites produced by a twin-screw extrusion and injection molding processes suggested that the retting degree had a small but significant effect on tensile properties.

  • Multiscale modeling of microbial degradation of outer tissues of Fiber-Crop stems during the dew retting process.
    Bioresource technology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Gwenaëlle Lashermes, Laurent Bleuze, Sylvie Recous, Richard Voinot, François Lafolie, Brigitte Chabbert
    Abstract:

    Abstract Dew retting of Fiber Crops, such as hemp or flax, in the field after harvest promotes the microbial biodegradation of the tissues surrounding cellulosic Fibers, which helps preserve the quality of Fibers during their extraction and valorization for industry. This bioprocess is currently the bottleneck for plant Fiber valorization because it is empirically managed and its controlling factors have not been properly quantified. A novel multiscale model representing tissue and polymer biodegradation was developed to simulate microbial growth on the stem during retting. The model was evaluated against experimental hemp retting data. It consistently simulated the mass loss of eight plant polymers belonging to two tissues of the stem outer layer, i.e., parenchyma and Fiber bundles. Microbial growth was modeled by Monod equations and modulated by the functions of temperature and moisture. This work provides a tool for gaining more insights into microorganism behavior during retting under local climate conditions.

  • Ectopic lignification in the flax lignified bast Fiber mutant
    2015
    Co-Authors: Brigitte Chabbert, Maxime Chantreau Maxime, Shingo Kiyoto, Arata Yoshinaga, Wout Boerjan, François Mesnard, Simon Hawkins
    Abstract:

    [début du texte] Flax is a Fiber Crop producing highly contrasted secondary cell wall structures in the stem. Cells from the inner xylem core have heavily lignified secondary cell walls containing almost 30 % lignin whereas the thick secondary cell walls of the long bast Fibers present in outer stem tissues are hypolignified and contain less than 4 % lignin (Day et al., 2005). Despite the existence of these highly contrasted secondary cell wall structures, hardly anything is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating lignin biosynthesis and deposition in flax. In order to increase our knowledge about this process we have created a flax EMS mutant population.

Samira Gharehkhani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The effect of nanocrystalline cellulose on flow properties of Fiber Crop aqueous suspension.
    Carbohydrate polymers, 2018
    Co-Authors: Samira Gharehkhani, Hooman Yarmand, Seyed Farid Seyed Shirazi, Rushdan Ibrahim, Salim Newaz Kazi, Elham Montazer, Mehdi Ashjaei, Nurin Wahidah Binti Mohd Zulkifli, Sadegh Rahmati
    Abstract:

    Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) a nature-based material, has gained significant attentions for its unique properties. The present study aims to investigate the flow behavior of cellulosic suspension containing non-wood pulp Fibers and NCC, by means of rheological and pressure drop measurements. The NCC sample was prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis from Acacia mangium Fibers. The rheological properties of kenaf/NCC suspensions were studied using viscosity and yield stress measurements. The pressure drop properties of the suspension flow were studied with respect to variation in flow velocity (0.4 m/s-3.6 m/s) and the NCC concentration (70 mg/l and 150 mg/l). The pressure drop results showed that the pulp suspension containing 150 mg/l NCC had higher drag reduction than kenaf suspension alone. The present insights into the flow of pulp/NCC suspension provide a new data and promote the application of NCC in industries.

  • Experimental investigation on rheological, momentum and heat transfer characteristics of flowing Fiber Crop suspensions
    International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017
    Co-Authors: Samira Gharehkhani, Hooman Yarmand, Mohammad Shahab Goodarzi, Seyed Farid Seyed Shirazi, Ahmad Amiri, Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir, K.h. Solangi, Rushdan Ibrahim, Salim Newaz Kazi, Somchai Wongwises
    Abstract:

    Abstract The study of pulp suspension flow is one of the most significant scientific interests since the considerable changes in the flow behavior of water were noticed after adding a small amount of Fiber to water. The rheological studies on Kenaf pulp (a Fiber Crop) suspensions revealed that concentration has a great influence on variations of viscosity and yielded stress values. Heat transfer and pressure loss data were obtained from Kenaf suspension flow at different concentrations over a wide velocity range in a straight pipe. Kenaf suspension at the concentration of 0.6 wt.% showed maximum drag reduction. A considerable increase in the heat transfer coefficient of Kenaf suspension (0.2 wt.%) was also observed. Such an increment in the heat transfer coefficient ratio of Kenaf suspension flow is interesting since the enhancement of heat transfer has mostly been reported for suspensions containing nanoparticles and not for natural Fibers in microscale. Moreover, the effects of Fiber length and flexibility on momentum and heat transfer data were studied.

C.y. Lan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Variability of cadmium, lead, and zinc tolerance and accumulation among and between germplasms of the Fiber Crop Boehmeria nivea with different root-types
    Environmental science and pollution research international, 2015
    Co-Authors: Bing Yang, M. Zhou, Lingli Zhou, Nandong Xue, S. L. Zhang, C.y. Lan
    Abstract:

    Crop germplasms substantially vary in their tolerance for and accumulation of heavy metals, and assessment of this variability plays a significant role in selecting species to use in phytoremediation projects. Here, we examined germplasm-variations in cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) tolerance and accumulation in ramie (Boehmeria nivea), a Fiber Crop native to China, which has received little attention. In an 8-week greenhouse test, fourteen germplasms of ramie, among and within deep, middle, and shallow rooted-types, were compared for growth and metal accumulation traits. Results showed that both tolerance and accumulation traits varied across germplasms and rooted-types. The deep rooted-type germplasms produced more biomass and had higher tolerance to metals than the two others. In addition, considerable variations in metal accumulation were observed among plant organs (root, stem, and leaf), rooted-types, germplasms, and metal supply. However, the observed variations in metal tolerance and accumulation among both germplasms and rooted-types were not significant in most cases. In addition to supporting the idea of a certain degree of constitutional metal tolerance for ramie, our results also contribute to deep-rooted germplasms of ramie as a good candidate, rather than middle-/shallow- ones as a least-bad option, for the remediation of multi metal-contaminated soils.

  • Constitutional tolerance to heavy metals of a Fiber Crop, ramie (Boehmeria nivea), and its potential usage.
    Environmental pollution (Barking Essex : 1987), 2009
    Co-Authors: Bing Yang, Mei-zhou Zhou, Wen-sheng Shu, C.y. Lan, Rongliang Qiu, Y.c. Jie, G.x. Cui, M.h. Wong
    Abstract:

    It is observed that ramie (Boehmeria nivea), an economic Fiber Crop, can establish and colonize metal-contaminated sites in China. Metal tolerance and accumulation by ramie originating from 13 metal-contaminated and 4 "clean" sites in China were compared under field and hydroponic conditions. All selected populations and germplasms displayed good growth performance under diverse metal-contaminated habitats; while growth responses, metal accumulation and tolerance were similar among the 8 populations and 2 germplasms when exposed to solutions containing elevated As, Cd, Pb, or Zn in the laboratory. These revealed that ramie possesses a certain degree of constitutional metal tolerance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of constitutional metal tolerance possessed by a Fiber Crop. Ramie can be considered as a good candidate for both Fiber production and phytoremediation of sites contaminated by multi-metals, as it accumulates relative low metal concentrations, but possesses both high biomass and high economic value.

Eleni G. Papazoglou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Wastewater reuse for Fiber Crops cultivation as a strategy to mitigate desertification
    Industrial Crops and Products, 2015
    Co-Authors: B. Barbosa, J. Costa, Ana Luisa Fernando, Eleni G. Papazoglou
    Abstract:

    Abstract Combating desertification, a marked problem in arid, semi-arid and other desertification-affected areas of the world, encompasses the management of water resources and the conservation of soil properties. Establishing vegetation on land and reuse of wastewaters in irrigation may be advantageous as a strategy to mitigate desertification and biodiversity loss. In this context, Fiber Crop production under wastewater irrigation is reviewed, with the aim of identifying prospects and limitations. Reports of laboratory, pilot and field research indicate that bast and grass Fiber Crops show potential simultaneously to deliver high yields, restore soil properties and promote water quality improvement. Their production in water-scarce regions could provide environmental benefits and social and economic opportunities, safeguarding freshwater resources. Nevertheless, this practice has environmental and social concerns due to the presence of harmful substances in wastewater. Several technical and economic barriers should also be considered when designing and managing a system, such as wastewater quality, and the quantity and quality of biomass produced. In order to promote the sustainable reuse of wastewater for irrigation of Fiber Crops, further research is needed, factoring in issues such as yields, inputs and costs, as well as potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. It is recommended that site-specific factors should be accurately assessed to evaluate the adequacy among Crop, location and wastewater irrigation, in order to overcome negative impacts and public rejection.

Sadegh Rahmati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The effect of nanocrystalline cellulose on flow properties of Fiber Crop aqueous suspension.
    Carbohydrate polymers, 2018
    Co-Authors: Samira Gharehkhani, Hooman Yarmand, Seyed Farid Seyed Shirazi, Rushdan Ibrahim, Salim Newaz Kazi, Elham Montazer, Mehdi Ashjaei, Nurin Wahidah Binti Mohd Zulkifli, Sadegh Rahmati
    Abstract:

    Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) a nature-based material, has gained significant attentions for its unique properties. The present study aims to investigate the flow behavior of cellulosic suspension containing non-wood pulp Fibers and NCC, by means of rheological and pressure drop measurements. The NCC sample was prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis from Acacia mangium Fibers. The rheological properties of kenaf/NCC suspensions were studied using viscosity and yield stress measurements. The pressure drop properties of the suspension flow were studied with respect to variation in flow velocity (0.4 m/s-3.6 m/s) and the NCC concentration (70 mg/l and 150 mg/l). The pressure drop results showed that the pulp suspension containing 150 mg/l NCC had higher drag reduction than kenaf suspension alone. The present insights into the flow of pulp/NCC suspension provide a new data and promote the application of NCC in industries.