The Experts below are selected from a list of 1707 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Shankar Kalyanasundaram - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of temperature on the forming of steel based Fibre Metal Laminate systems
9th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics (ACAM9), 2017Co-Authors: D Rahiminejad, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:In this study, Fibre Metal Laminates (FMLs) have been made of one layer of consolidated woven glass-Fibre reinforced polypropylene (Twintex) sandwiched between two layers of galvanised steel, and their formability during various stamp forming operations has been assessed. The FML blanks were formed until failure occurred using a hemispherical punch in an open-die configuration. The experiments were performed on the blanks at room temperature and at preheated temperatures of 110 and 140 degreesC under a range of blank holder forces. Three-dimensional photogrammetry has been used to measure the strains on the lower surface of the blank in real-time during forming and the evolution of strain during forming has been used to elucidate the deformation behaviour.
-
deformation behaviour of steel srpp Fibre Metal Laminate characterised by evolution of surface strains
Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science, 2016Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:Climate changes brought on by human interventions have proved to be more devastating than predicted during the recent decades. Recognition of seriousness of the situation has led regulatory organisations to impose strict targets on allowable carbon dioxide emissions from automotive vehicles. As a possible solution, it has been proposed that Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) system is used to reduce the weight of future vehicles. To facilitate this investigation, FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene was stamp formed into dome shapes under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature and its forming behaviour analysed. An open-die configuration was used in a hydraulic press so that a 3D photogrammetric measurement system (ARAMIS) could capture real-time surface strains. This paper presents findings on strain evolutions at different points along and at 45o to Fibre directions of circular FML blank, through various stages of forming. It was found initiation and rate of deformation varied with distance from the pole, that the mode of deformations range from biaxial stretching at the pole to drawing towards flange region, at decreasing magnitudes away from the pole in general. More uniform strain distribution was observed for the FML compared to that of plain steel and the most significant effects of BHF were its influence on forming depth and level of strain reached before failure.
-
evolution of meridian strains in stamp forming of steel based Fibre Metal Laminate
The 8th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics 2014 (ACAM 8), 2014Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:In light of recent climate changes, tight regulations have been imposed on automotive manufacturers to reduce carbon dioxide emissions of new vehicles produced. As result, making light-weight vehicles has been many manufacturers' primary interest. To help achieve such goals, researches have been carried out on using Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) structures based on thermoplastic Fibre-reinforced composites for making automotive panels. This paper presents findings on stamp forming characteristics of an FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature. A custom-built 30-ton stamping press with a hemispherical punch and an open die was used to perform the experiments and a 3D photogrammetric strain measurement system (ARAMIS) was used for capturing resulting surface strains real-time. FMLs were observed to fail by wrinkling at varying depths depending on the BHF, with wrinkling becoming more prominent at lower BHFs and inter-ply delamination occurring at higher BHFs. Studying evolution of meridian surface strains along and off-axis to Fibre directions provided understanding of the manner in which different regions undergo varying modes of deformation throughout the forming process. Larger strains were observed at regions close to flange area of an FML sample along 45 meridians than in Fibre directions.
-
effect of blank holder force on strain evolution of forming of steel srpp Fibre Metal Laminate
The 8th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics 2014 (ACAM 8), 2014Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:Climate changes brought on by human interventions have proved to be more devastating than predicted during the recent decades. Recognition of seriousness of the situation has led regulatory organisations to impose strict targets on allowable carbon dioxide emissions from automotive vehicles. As a possible solution, it has been proposed that Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) system is used to reduce the weight of future vehicles. To facilitate this investigation, FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene was stamp formed into dome shapes under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature and its forming behaviour analysed. An open-die configuration was used in a hydraulic press so that a 3D photogrammetric measurement system (ARAMIS) could capture real-time surface strains. This paper presents findings on strain evolutions at different points along and at 45 to Fibre directions of circular FML blank, through various stages of forming. It was found initiation and rate of deformation varied with distance from the pole, that the mode of deformations range from biaxial stretching at the pole to drawing towards flange region, at decreasing magnitudes away from the pole in general. More uniform strain distribution was observed for the FML compared to that of plain steel and the most significant effects of BHF were its influence on forming depth and level of strain reached before failure.
-
stamp forming analysis of a Fibre Metal Laminate system consisting of a glass Fibre reinforced composite
Proc. 8th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics ACAM8, 2014Co-Authors: Shankar Kalyanasundaram, Sivakumar DharmalingamAbstract:In an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion generated by the transportation sector, the use of lightweight materials such as composites is currently being intensively explored. The projected improvement in fuel-economy for passenger vehicles is 6-7% for every 10% of weight reduction. Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) systems are a class of composite materials comprised by alternating aluminium sheets and Fibre reinforced composites. The resulting synergy of material behaviour gives FML systems superior mechanical properties when compared with those of their individual constituent materials. FML systems based on thermoplastic composites have been shown to possess better fracture toughness, shorter processing times, good impact and localised blast resistance compared to Metals. These structures have been successfully employed in the aerospace industry. However, the widespread use of these material systems is restricted by the current manufacturing processes required to create components. For the better utilisation of FML systems, it is necessary that the thermal properties of the materials be used in addition to conventional processing. This would involve the heating of the FML prior to forming. However, a successful approach that includes both Metal forming processes and the composite forming process is essential to maintain the high manufacturing volumes currently required for industry. It is likely that this approach would be similar to the stamp forming process used in sheet Metal manufacturing with an included pre-heat stage. In this work, results will be presented for FML systems consisting of aluminium/Glass Fibre reinforced thermoplastic/aluminium configuration. A Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology was adopted to elucidate the effect of process parameters that included blank holder force, pre-heat temperature and feed rate on dome forming studies. A real time strain measurement system was used to monitor the strain evolution during forming. An open die configuration was adopted to facilitate the strain evolution during forming. Three points of interest were chosen to study the different forming modes exhibited at different locations in the FML system. The results indicate that the presence of the composite layer modify the forming behaviour of the FML system compared to forming of monolithic aluminium alloy.
W J Cantwell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
deformation behaviour of steel srpp Fibre Metal Laminate characterised by evolution of surface strains
Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science, 2016Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:Climate changes brought on by human interventions have proved to be more devastating than predicted during the recent decades. Recognition of seriousness of the situation has led regulatory organisations to impose strict targets on allowable carbon dioxide emissions from automotive vehicles. As a possible solution, it has been proposed that Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) system is used to reduce the weight of future vehicles. To facilitate this investigation, FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene was stamp formed into dome shapes under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature and its forming behaviour analysed. An open-die configuration was used in a hydraulic press so that a 3D photogrammetric measurement system (ARAMIS) could capture real-time surface strains. This paper presents findings on strain evolutions at different points along and at 45o to Fibre directions of circular FML blank, through various stages of forming. It was found initiation and rate of deformation varied with distance from the pole, that the mode of deformations range from biaxial stretching at the pole to drawing towards flange region, at decreasing magnitudes away from the pole in general. More uniform strain distribution was observed for the FML compared to that of plain steel and the most significant effects of BHF were its influence on forming depth and level of strain reached before failure.
-
the blast response of composite and Fibre Metal Laminate materials used in aerospace applications
Polymer Composites in the Aerospace Industry, 2015Co-Authors: G S Langdon, W J CantwellAbstract:The blast behaviour of composite materials is a subject of growing importance generally due to the ever-present threat of subversive activity. The aircraft industry will employ composite materials more frequently in the future as they are lightweight, offer superior fatigue resistance, life cycle cost savings, fuel efficiency and (in some cases) improved impact properties, when compared with monolithic Metals such as aluminium alloy. However, little is known about their response to blast loading. This chapter provides a brief introduction to the characteristics of explosions and demonstrates that a careful assessment of the blast loading scenarios for each aircraft design is required, as the loading is complicated by the degree of confinement, geometric variations and the multiplicity of potential explosion scenarios. Various blast protection paradigms are reported, with the containment strategy being most relevant for aircraft design at present. Recent experimental and numerical investigations concerning the blast behaviour of aerospace composites are reported. The response of Fibre-reinforced polymers, polymeric sandwich panels and multilayered Fibre-Metal Laminate (FML) structures are discussed in the context of the aerospace environment.
-
evolution of meridian strains in stamp forming of steel based Fibre Metal Laminate
The 8th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics 2014 (ACAM 8), 2014Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:In light of recent climate changes, tight regulations have been imposed on automotive manufacturers to reduce carbon dioxide emissions of new vehicles produced. As result, making light-weight vehicles has been many manufacturers' primary interest. To help achieve such goals, researches have been carried out on using Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) structures based on thermoplastic Fibre-reinforced composites for making automotive panels. This paper presents findings on stamp forming characteristics of an FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature. A custom-built 30-ton stamping press with a hemispherical punch and an open die was used to perform the experiments and a 3D photogrammetric strain measurement system (ARAMIS) was used for capturing resulting surface strains real-time. FMLs were observed to fail by wrinkling at varying depths depending on the BHF, with wrinkling becoming more prominent at lower BHFs and inter-ply delamination occurring at higher BHFs. Studying evolution of meridian surface strains along and off-axis to Fibre directions provided understanding of the manner in which different regions undergo varying modes of deformation throughout the forming process. Larger strains were observed at regions close to flange area of an FML sample along 45 meridians than in Fibre directions.
-
effect of blank holder force on strain evolution of forming of steel srpp Fibre Metal Laminate
The 8th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics 2014 (ACAM 8), 2014Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:Climate changes brought on by human interventions have proved to be more devastating than predicted during the recent decades. Recognition of seriousness of the situation has led regulatory organisations to impose strict targets on allowable carbon dioxide emissions from automotive vehicles. As a possible solution, it has been proposed that Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) system is used to reduce the weight of future vehicles. To facilitate this investigation, FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene was stamp formed into dome shapes under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature and its forming behaviour analysed. An open-die configuration was used in a hydraulic press so that a 3D photogrammetric measurement system (ARAMIS) could capture real-time surface strains. This paper presents findings on strain evolutions at different points along and at 45 to Fibre directions of circular FML blank, through various stages of forming. It was found initiation and rate of deformation varied with distance from the pole, that the mode of deformations range from biaxial stretching at the pole to drawing towards flange region, at decreasing magnitudes away from the pole in general. More uniform strain distribution was observed for the FML compared to that of plain steel and the most significant effects of BHF were its influence on forming depth and level of strain reached before failure.
-
stretch forming studies on a Fibre Metal Laminate based on a self reinforcing polypropylene composite
Composite Structures, 2012Co-Authors: Anthony Sexton, W J Cantwell, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates the room temperature formability of a Fibre Metal Laminate system comprised of aluminium and a self-reinforcing polypropylene composite. Blanks of varying geometry were stretch formed over a hemispherical punch in a custom built stamping press. A real-time three-dimensional photogrammetric measuring system was used to acquire the evolution of surface strain and the strain at failure during forming. The results from this work illustrate that these advanced light weight material systems are amenable to mass production through stamp forming. A significant finding from this work is that these material systems can exhibit forming characteristics that are comparable and sometimes superior to Metal forming.
Adrian Lowe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of temperature on the forming of steel based Fibre Metal Laminate systems
9th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics (ACAM9), 2017Co-Authors: D Rahiminejad, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:In this study, Fibre Metal Laminates (FMLs) have been made of one layer of consolidated woven glass-Fibre reinforced polypropylene (Twintex) sandwiched between two layers of galvanised steel, and their formability during various stamp forming operations has been assessed. The FML blanks were formed until failure occurred using a hemispherical punch in an open-die configuration. The experiments were performed on the blanks at room temperature and at preheated temperatures of 110 and 140 degreesC under a range of blank holder forces. Three-dimensional photogrammetry has been used to measure the strains on the lower surface of the blank in real-time during forming and the evolution of strain during forming has been used to elucidate the deformation behaviour.
-
deformation behaviour of steel srpp Fibre Metal Laminate characterised by evolution of surface strains
Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science, 2016Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:Climate changes brought on by human interventions have proved to be more devastating than predicted during the recent decades. Recognition of seriousness of the situation has led regulatory organisations to impose strict targets on allowable carbon dioxide emissions from automotive vehicles. As a possible solution, it has been proposed that Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) system is used to reduce the weight of future vehicles. To facilitate this investigation, FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene was stamp formed into dome shapes under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature and its forming behaviour analysed. An open-die configuration was used in a hydraulic press so that a 3D photogrammetric measurement system (ARAMIS) could capture real-time surface strains. This paper presents findings on strain evolutions at different points along and at 45o to Fibre directions of circular FML blank, through various stages of forming. It was found initiation and rate of deformation varied with distance from the pole, that the mode of deformations range from biaxial stretching at the pole to drawing towards flange region, at decreasing magnitudes away from the pole in general. More uniform strain distribution was observed for the FML compared to that of plain steel and the most significant effects of BHF were its influence on forming depth and level of strain reached before failure.
-
evolution of meridian strains in stamp forming of steel based Fibre Metal Laminate
The 8th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics 2014 (ACAM 8), 2014Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:In light of recent climate changes, tight regulations have been imposed on automotive manufacturers to reduce carbon dioxide emissions of new vehicles produced. As result, making light-weight vehicles has been many manufacturers' primary interest. To help achieve such goals, researches have been carried out on using Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) structures based on thermoplastic Fibre-reinforced composites for making automotive panels. This paper presents findings on stamp forming characteristics of an FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature. A custom-built 30-ton stamping press with a hemispherical punch and an open die was used to perform the experiments and a 3D photogrammetric strain measurement system (ARAMIS) was used for capturing resulting surface strains real-time. FMLs were observed to fail by wrinkling at varying depths depending on the BHF, with wrinkling becoming more prominent at lower BHFs and inter-ply delamination occurring at higher BHFs. Studying evolution of meridian surface strains along and off-axis to Fibre directions provided understanding of the manner in which different regions undergo varying modes of deformation throughout the forming process. Larger strains were observed at regions close to flange area of an FML sample along 45 meridians than in Fibre directions.
-
effect of blank holder force on strain evolution of forming of steel srpp Fibre Metal Laminate
The 8th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics 2014 (ACAM 8), 2014Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:Climate changes brought on by human interventions have proved to be more devastating than predicted during the recent decades. Recognition of seriousness of the situation has led regulatory organisations to impose strict targets on allowable carbon dioxide emissions from automotive vehicles. As a possible solution, it has been proposed that Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) system is used to reduce the weight of future vehicles. To facilitate this investigation, FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene was stamp formed into dome shapes under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature and its forming behaviour analysed. An open-die configuration was used in a hydraulic press so that a 3D photogrammetric measurement system (ARAMIS) could capture real-time surface strains. This paper presents findings on strain evolutions at different points along and at 45 to Fibre directions of circular FML blank, through various stages of forming. It was found initiation and rate of deformation varied with distance from the pole, that the mode of deformations range from biaxial stretching at the pole to drawing towards flange region, at decreasing magnitudes away from the pole in general. More uniform strain distribution was observed for the FML compared to that of plain steel and the most significant effects of BHF were its influence on forming depth and level of strain reached before failure.
Jae Nam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
deformation behaviour of steel srpp Fibre Metal Laminate characterised by evolution of surface strains
Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science, 2016Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:Climate changes brought on by human interventions have proved to be more devastating than predicted during the recent decades. Recognition of seriousness of the situation has led regulatory organisations to impose strict targets on allowable carbon dioxide emissions from automotive vehicles. As a possible solution, it has been proposed that Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) system is used to reduce the weight of future vehicles. To facilitate this investigation, FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene was stamp formed into dome shapes under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature and its forming behaviour analysed. An open-die configuration was used in a hydraulic press so that a 3D photogrammetric measurement system (ARAMIS) could capture real-time surface strains. This paper presents findings on strain evolutions at different points along and at 45o to Fibre directions of circular FML blank, through various stages of forming. It was found initiation and rate of deformation varied with distance from the pole, that the mode of deformations range from biaxial stretching at the pole to drawing towards flange region, at decreasing magnitudes away from the pole in general. More uniform strain distribution was observed for the FML compared to that of plain steel and the most significant effects of BHF were its influence on forming depth and level of strain reached before failure.
-
evolution of meridian strains in stamp forming of steel based Fibre Metal Laminate
The 8th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics 2014 (ACAM 8), 2014Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:In light of recent climate changes, tight regulations have been imposed on automotive manufacturers to reduce carbon dioxide emissions of new vehicles produced. As result, making light-weight vehicles has been many manufacturers' primary interest. To help achieve such goals, researches have been carried out on using Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) structures based on thermoplastic Fibre-reinforced composites for making automotive panels. This paper presents findings on stamp forming characteristics of an FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature. A custom-built 30-ton stamping press with a hemispherical punch and an open die was used to perform the experiments and a 3D photogrammetric strain measurement system (ARAMIS) was used for capturing resulting surface strains real-time. FMLs were observed to fail by wrinkling at varying depths depending on the BHF, with wrinkling becoming more prominent at lower BHFs and inter-ply delamination occurring at higher BHFs. Studying evolution of meridian surface strains along and off-axis to Fibre directions provided understanding of the manner in which different regions undergo varying modes of deformation throughout the forming process. Larger strains were observed at regions close to flange area of an FML sample along 45 meridians than in Fibre directions.
-
effect of blank holder force on strain evolution of forming of steel srpp Fibre Metal Laminate
The 8th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics 2014 (ACAM 8), 2014Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:Climate changes brought on by human interventions have proved to be more devastating than predicted during the recent decades. Recognition of seriousness of the situation has led regulatory organisations to impose strict targets on allowable carbon dioxide emissions from automotive vehicles. As a possible solution, it has been proposed that Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) system is used to reduce the weight of future vehicles. To facilitate this investigation, FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene was stamp formed into dome shapes under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature and its forming behaviour analysed. An open-die configuration was used in a hydraulic press so that a 3D photogrammetric measurement system (ARAMIS) could capture real-time surface strains. This paper presents findings on strain evolutions at different points along and at 45 to Fibre directions of circular FML blank, through various stages of forming. It was found initiation and rate of deformation varied with distance from the pole, that the mode of deformations range from biaxial stretching at the pole to drawing towards flange region, at decreasing magnitudes away from the pole in general. More uniform strain distribution was observed for the FML compared to that of plain steel and the most significant effects of BHF were its influence on forming depth and level of strain reached before failure.
Raj Das - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
deformation behaviour of steel srpp Fibre Metal Laminate characterised by evolution of surface strains
Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science, 2016Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:Climate changes brought on by human interventions have proved to be more devastating than predicted during the recent decades. Recognition of seriousness of the situation has led regulatory organisations to impose strict targets on allowable carbon dioxide emissions from automotive vehicles. As a possible solution, it has been proposed that Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) system is used to reduce the weight of future vehicles. To facilitate this investigation, FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene was stamp formed into dome shapes under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature and its forming behaviour analysed. An open-die configuration was used in a hydraulic press so that a 3D photogrammetric measurement system (ARAMIS) could capture real-time surface strains. This paper presents findings on strain evolutions at different points along and at 45o to Fibre directions of circular FML blank, through various stages of forming. It was found initiation and rate of deformation varied with distance from the pole, that the mode of deformations range from biaxial stretching at the pole to drawing towards flange region, at decreasing magnitudes away from the pole in general. More uniform strain distribution was observed for the FML compared to that of plain steel and the most significant effects of BHF were its influence on forming depth and level of strain reached before failure.
-
evolution of meridian strains in stamp forming of steel based Fibre Metal Laminate
The 8th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics 2014 (ACAM 8), 2014Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:In light of recent climate changes, tight regulations have been imposed on automotive manufacturers to reduce carbon dioxide emissions of new vehicles produced. As result, making light-weight vehicles has been many manufacturers' primary interest. To help achieve such goals, researches have been carried out on using Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) structures based on thermoplastic Fibre-reinforced composites for making automotive panels. This paper presents findings on stamp forming characteristics of an FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature. A custom-built 30-ton stamping press with a hemispherical punch and an open die was used to perform the experiments and a 3D photogrammetric strain measurement system (ARAMIS) was used for capturing resulting surface strains real-time. FMLs were observed to fail by wrinkling at varying depths depending on the BHF, with wrinkling becoming more prominent at lower BHFs and inter-ply delamination occurring at higher BHFs. Studying evolution of meridian surface strains along and off-axis to Fibre directions provided understanding of the manner in which different regions undergo varying modes of deformation throughout the forming process. Larger strains were observed at regions close to flange area of an FML sample along 45 meridians than in Fibre directions.
-
effect of blank holder force on strain evolution of forming of steel srpp Fibre Metal Laminate
The 8th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics 2014 (ACAM 8), 2014Co-Authors: Jae Nam, W J Cantwell, Raj Das, Adrian Lowe, Shankar KalyanasundaramAbstract:Climate changes brought on by human interventions have proved to be more devastating than predicted during the recent decades. Recognition of seriousness of the situation has led regulatory organisations to impose strict targets on allowable carbon dioxide emissions from automotive vehicles. As a possible solution, it has been proposed that Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) system is used to reduce the weight of future vehicles. To facilitate this investigation, FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene was stamp formed into dome shapes under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature and its forming behaviour analysed. An open-die configuration was used in a hydraulic press so that a 3D photogrammetric measurement system (ARAMIS) could capture real-time surface strains. This paper presents findings on strain evolutions at different points along and at 45 to Fibre directions of circular FML blank, through various stages of forming. It was found initiation and rate of deformation varied with distance from the pole, that the mode of deformations range from biaxial stretching at the pole to drawing towards flange region, at decreasing magnitudes away from the pole in general. More uniform strain distribution was observed for the FML compared to that of plain steel and the most significant effects of BHF were its influence on forming depth and level of strain reached before failure.