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Antonio Manoel C. Rodrigues - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Secagem e defumação de file de peixe de agua doce Tambacu (Colossoma macropum e Colossoma mitrei)
2017Co-Authors: Antonio Manoel C. RodriguesAbstract:Resumo: O resumo, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital Resumo: A secagem de alimentos em ambientes sob condições de temperatura, pressão e umidade controladas, tem sido um procedimento bastante conveniente na determinação de parâmetros físicos e na avaliação das condições de operação do processo. Neste contexto fez-se aqui, um estudo experimental seguido de um tratamento matemático, da secagem de filés de Tambacu (híbrido de: Colossoma macropum e Colossoma mitrei), em forma de lâminas retangulares, previamente salgados e defumados a líquido com extrato vegetal de nogueira. Para tanto, utilizou-se um secador de prato hermeticamente fechado, à pressão atmosférica, dotado de um leito fixo de sílica-gel para manter a umidade do ar constante. O trabalho visou investigar o processo de secagem, tendo como base o modelo de difusão de Fick considerando a difusividade efetiva constante. A temperatura de bulbo seco no interior do secador foi de 27,5 +- 1 °C e a de bulbo úmido de 18,3 +- 1,5 °C. O ar nestas condições, é soprado com uma velocidade de 1,5 m/s sobre a amostra colocada em um prato de alumínio. Os resultados alcançados demonstram a conveniência da metodologia empregada na determinação de parâmetros difusionais em processos de secagem de peixe gorduroso à baixa temperatura.Abstract:Drying of foodstuff under controlled conditions of temperature, pressure and moisture has been a usefull procedure to determine physical parameters and process conditions. Using this technique an experimental study with the aid of a mathematical analysis, was conducted on drying Tambacu (Colossoma mitrei and Colossoma macropum). These lumps were rectangular cuts from the fish fillets and salted and liquid smoked with hickory extract. Dryer was a closed circuit system under atmospheric pressure with a silica¬ gel fixed bed used to control air moisture. Drying mass transfer was analysed through Ficks Law (constant diffusivity). Temperature conditions inside the system were kept at 27,5°C for dry bulb and 18,3°C for wet bulb. Air was blown towards a try containning one fish lumps ata average speed of 1,5 m/s Results proved this tobe a good technique to determine diffusional parameters in drying of fatty fish at low temperatures
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Secagem e defumação de file de peixe de agua doce Tambacu (Colossoma macropum e Colossoma mitrei)
Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, 1996Co-Authors: Antonio Manoel C. RodriguesAbstract:O resumo, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital Resumo: A secagem de alimentos em ambientes sob condições de temperatura, pressão e umidade controladas, tem sido um procedimento bastante conveniente na determinação de parâmetros físicos e na avaliação das condições de operação do processo. Neste contexto fez-se aqui, um estudo experimental seguido de um tratamento matemático, da secagem de filés de Tambacu (híbrido de: Colossoma macropum e Colossoma mitrei), em forma de lâminas retangulares, previamente salgados e defumados a líquido com extrato vegetal de nogueira. Para tanto, utilizou-se um secador de prato hermeticamente fechado, à pressão atmosférica, dotado de um leito fixo de sílica-gel para manter a umidade do ar constante. O trabalho visou investigar o processo de secagem, tendo como base o modelo de difusão de Fick considerando a difusividade efetiva constante. A temperatura de bulbo seco no interior do secador foi de 27,5 +- 1 °C e a de bulbo úmido de 18,3 +- 1,5 °C. O ar nestas condições, é soprado com uma velocidade de 1,5 m/s sobre a amostra colocada em um prato de alumínio. Os resultados alcançados demonstram a conveniência da metodologia empregada na determinação de parâmetros difusionais em processos de secagem de peixe gorduroso à baixa temperatura.Drying of foodstuff under controlled conditions of temperature, pressure and moisture has been a usefull procedure to determine physical parameters and process conditions. Using this technique an experimental study with the aid of a mathematical analysis, was conducted on drying Tambacu (Colossoma mitrei and Colossoma macropum). These lumps were rectangular cuts from the fish fillets and salted and liquid smoked with hickory extract. Dryer was a closed circuit system under atmospheric pressure with a silica¬ gel fixed bed used to control air moisture. Drying mass transfer was analysed through Ficks Law (constant diffusivity). Temperature conditions inside the system were kept at 27,5°C for dry bulb and 18,3°C for wet bulb. Air was blown towards a try containning one fish lumps ata average speed of 1,5 m/s Results proved this tobe a good technique to determine diffusional parameters in drying of fatty fish at low temperatures
Rodrigues, Antonio Manoel Da Cruz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Secagem e defumação de file de peixe de agua doce Tambacu (Colossoma macropum e Colossoma mitrei)
[s.n.], 2018Co-Authors: Rodrigues, Antonio Manoel Da CruzAbstract:Orientador: Satoshi TobinagaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: A secagem de alimentos em ambientes sob condições de temperatura, pressão e umidade controladas, tem sido um procedimento bastante conveniente na determinação de parâmetros físicos e na avaliação das condições de operação do processo. Neste contexto fez-se aqui, um estudo experimental seguido de um tratamento matemático, da secagem de filés de Tambacu (híbrido de: Colossoma macropum e Colossoma mitrei), em forma de lâminas retangulares, previamente salgados e defumados a líquido com extrato vegetal de nogueira. Para tanto, utilizou-se um secador de prato hermeticamente fechado, à pressão atmosférica, dotado de um leito fixo de sílica-gel para manter a umidade do ar constante. O trabalho visou investigar o processo de secagem, tendo como base o modelo de difusão de Fick considerando a difusividade efetiva constante. A temperatura de bulbo seco no interior do secador foi de 27,5 +- 1 °C e a de bulbo úmido de 18,3 +- 1,5 °C. O ar nestas condições, é soprado com uma velocidade de 1,5 m/s sobre a amostra colocada em um prato de alumínio. Os resultados alcançados demonstram a conveniência da metodologia empregada na determinação de parâmetros difusionais em processos de secagem de peixe gorduroso à baixa temperaturaAbstract: Drying of foodstuff under controlled conditions of temperature, pressure and moisture has been a usefull procedure to determine physical parameters and process conditions. Using this technique an experimental study with the aid of a mathematical analysis, was conducted on drying Tambacu (Colossoma mitrei and Colossoma macropum). These lumps were rectangular cuts from the fish fillets and salted and liquid smoked with hickory extract. Dryer was a closed circuit system under atmospheric pressure with a silica¬ gel fixed bed used to control air moisture. Drying mass transfer was analysed through Ficks Law (constant diffusivity). Temperature conditions inside the system were kept at 27,5°C for dry bulb and 18,3°C for wet bulb. Air was blown towards a try containning one fish lumps ata average speed of 1,5 m/s Results proved this tobe a good technique to determine diffusional parameters in drying of fatty fish at low temperaturesMestradoMestre em Engenharia de Alimento
Mcloughlin Michael - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The influence of mineralogy and microstructure on the contaminant migration through geosynthetic clay liners
2004Co-Authors: Mcloughlin MichaelAbstract:This thesis is concerned with the current contentious issue of environmental containment. This work provides an assessment of contaminant migration through Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs). GCLs are thin liners usually consisting of three layers, defined in section 2.2.4. These are factory manufactured materials, used extensively in the waterproofing and environmental containment markets. The predominant, if not the only "low flow" element in GCLs is bentonite, described in section 2.4.1. Bentonite has been found to be most advantageous as the waterproofing core of GCLs. During this research, emphasis was placed on an investigation as to the nature of the low flow core of the GCLs in terms of mineralogy and microstructure. GCL types can be divided into two generic categories; granulated/powdered and extruded (pre-hydrated). One of each of the generic types were selected for this study to provide a representative overview of the GCL product range. The main type of laboratory assessment was that of fluid migration through the liners. Due to the paucity of knowledge in relation to diffusion, emphasis was put on diffusion assessment. At an early stage in this research, it was found that suitable equipment for the assessment of diffusion was not available and, as a result the author developed two main types of diffusion test cells which were key to this work. These cells were the constant stress and constant volume diffusion cells. In the author's opinion, the constant stress cell, in particular, offers many advantages over current diffusion equipment. During the production of these cells, emphasis was placed on the following factors; sample size, control of effective stress, mixing of fluid, reduction in sample and fluid contamination, reservoir size, sample boundary, reduction of leaks and ease of sampling. Following the development of the diffusion cells, extensive testing was carried out. Using solutions of sodium, potassium and calcium chloride the assessment of contaminants was selectively limited. A concentration gradient was created across the GCL sample by placing a cation solution on one side and deionised water on the other. Following hydration of the GCL samples with deionised water, 1000ppm of prepared solution was placed in the source reservoir whilst fresh deionised water was placed in the receptor reservoir. Samples were taken at regular intervals, from both source and receptor reservoirs, and their concentrations assessed. Profiles of source and receptor concentrations were plotted versus time. A tabulated Microsoft Excel spread sheet was used in the determination of diffusion coefficient. This was achieved by incorporating equations from the concentration plots with Ficks' Law. Extensive hydraulic conductivity tests carried out by the author on the GCLs were compared with the diffusion tests. Standard triaxial, Rowe & large column hydraulic conductivity tests were produced. A large part of the investigation was the assessment of the characteristics of the waterproofing core of the GCLs. A number of techniques were adopted for this assessment. These included the following; X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) & Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis (SEM). These assessments provided an overview as to the characteristics of the bentonite core. The SEM, in particular, was used to assess the microstructure of the two types of GCL under investigation and was used to determine if there was any variance in the particle frequency, type, shape and orientation. The XRF and XRD equipment were used to make an assessment of the mineralogy of the bentonite core. These procedures were conducted on a number of available bentonite granules and assessed relative to that of the core product of the GCL under investigation. Tests were also conducted on samples used in the diffusion experiments. Sections of the samples were removed from the source, middle and receptor sides of the samples and taken for analysis. The discussion and concluding remarks of this thesis have highlighted a number of key findings. It was noted that there is a marked difference between the granulated and extruded (pre-hydrated) GCLs assessed. It was found that the extruded (pre-hydrated) GCL exhibits an orientated microstructure. The bentonite particles were predominantly orientated flat across the width of the GCL. The granulated bentonite, when hydrated, did not exhibit any preferential orientation of bentonite particles.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
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The influence of mineralogy and microstructure on the contaminant migration through geosynthetic clay liners
2004Co-Authors: Mcloughlin MichaelAbstract:This thesis is concerned with the current contentious issue of environmental containment. This work provides an assessment of contaminant migration through Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs). GCLs are thin liners usually consisting of three layers, defined in section 2.2.4. These are factory manufactured materials, used extensively in the waterproofing and environmental containment markets. The predominant, if not the only "low flow" element in GCLs is bentonite, described in section 2.4.1. Bentonite has been found to be most advantageous as the waterproofing core of GCLs. During this research, emphasis was placed on an investigation as to the nature of the low flow core of the GCLs in terms of mineralogy and microstructure. GCL types can be divided into two generic categories; granulated/powdered and extruded (pre-hydrated). One of each of the generic types were selected for this study to provide a representative overview of the GCL product range. The main type of laboratory assessment was that of fluid migration through the liners. Due to the paucity of knowledge in relation to diffusion, emphasis was put on diffusion assessment. At an early stage in this research, it was found that suitable equipment for the assessment of diffusion was not available and, as a result the author developed two main types of diffusion test cells which were key to this work. These cells were the constant stress and constant volume diffusion cells. In the author's opinion, the constant stress cell, in particular, offers many advantages over current diffusion equipment. During the production of these cells, emphasis was placed on the following factors; sample size, control of effective stress, mixing of fluid, reduction in sample and fluid contamination, reservoir size, sample boundary, reduction of leaks and ease of sampling. Following the development of the diffusion cells, extensive testing was carried out. Using solutions of sodium, potassium and calcium chloride the assessment of contaminants was selectively limited. A concentration gradient was created across the GCL sample by placing a cation solution on one side and deionised water on the other. Following hydration of the GCL samples with deionised water, 1000ppm of prepared solution was placed in the source reservoir whilst fresh deionised water was placed in the receptor reservoir. Samples were taken at regular intervals, from both source and receptor reservoirs, and their concentrations assessed. Profiles of source and receptor concentrations were plotted versus time. A tabulated Microsoft Excel spread sheet was used in the determination of diffusion coefficient. This was achieved by incorporating equations from the concentration plots with Ficks' Law. Extensive hydraulic conductivity tests carried out by the author on the GCLs were compared with the diffusion tests. Standard triaxial, Rowe & large column hydraulic conductivity tests were produced. A large part of the investigation was the assessment of the characteristics of the waterproofing core of the GCLs. A number of techniques were adopted for this assessment. These included the following; X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) & Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis (SEM). These assessments provided an overview as to the characteristics of the bentonite core. The SEM, in particular, was used to assess the microstructure of the two types of GCL under investigation and was used to determine if there was any variance in the particle frequency, type, shape and orientation. The XRF and XRD equipment were used to make an assessment of the mineralogy of the bentonite core. These procedures were conducted on a number of available bentonite granules and assessed relative to that of the core product of the GCL under investigation. Tests were also conducted on samples used in the diffusion experiments. Sections of the samples were removed from the source, middle and receptor sides of the samples and taken for analysis. The discussion and concluding remarks of this thesis have highlighted a number of key findings. It was noted that there is a marked difference between the granulated and extruded (pre-hydrated) GCLs assessed. It was found that the extruded (pre-hydrated) GCL exhibits an orientated microstructure. The bentonite particles were predominantly orientated flat across the width of the GCL. The granulated bentonite, when hydrated, did not exhibit any preferential orientation of bentonite particles
Grace Oluwatoyin Ogunlakin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of drying conditions on the effective moisture diffusivity and energy requirements during the drying of pretreated and untreated pumpkin
Energy Conversion and Management, 2011Co-Authors: T Y Tundeakintunde, Grace Oluwatoyin OgunlakinAbstract:Abstract Pumpkin as a fruit is consumed by both animals and humans. Its high moisture content makes it perishable and thus there is a need for drying as a means of preservation. Thin-layer drying characteristics for the samples dried using a hot-air dryer were obtained from the experiment data. The drying was observed to take place in the falling rate drying period. Ficks Law was used to determine the moisture diffusivity which varied from a minimum of 1.19 × 10 −9 m 2 /s for untreated pumpkin samples dried at 40 °C to a maximum value of 4.27 × 10 −9 m 2 /s for steam blanched samples dried at 80 °C. The value of the energy of activation varied from 21.44 to 28.67 kJ/mol. The input energy values and specific energy requirement for thin-drying of pumpkin samples were found to be in the range of 317.8–458.1 kW h and 1588.8–2290.3 kW h/kg from 40 °C to 80 °C with a drying air velocity of 1.5 m/s respectively.
K S Manjula - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sorption and diffusion of substituted aromatic organic penetrants into carboxylic acid based chain extended polyurethane membranes
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2010Co-Authors: K S ManjulaAbstract:3-Carboxy-3-hydroxy pentanedioic acid (otherwise known as citric acid, CA) and (Z)-butenedioic acid (otherwise known as maleic acid, MA) based chain extended polyurethane (CEPU) membranes have been prepared using castor oil and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The molecular transport of a series of organic probe molecules through CEPU membranes had been studied in the temperature range (298 to 333) K using the sorption-gravimetric method. The coefficients of sorption S, diffusion D, and permeation P have been calculated for CEPU-aromatic penetrants. The sorption and diffusion results measured at different temperatures, namely, (298 to 333) K, are found to follow Ficks Law. The transport data are affected by the nature of the interacting probe molecule rather than its size and also by the structural variations of the polymer membrane. It was found that the penetrant of the comparable solubility parameter with CEPU interact more and thus there is an increase in sorption. In all of the liquid penetrants, the transport phenomenon was found to follow the Fickian mode of transport. From the temperature dependence of diffusion and permeation coefficients, the Arrhenius activation parameters, such as the activation energy for diffusion, E D , and permeation, E P , processes, have been estimated. Furthermore, the sorption results have been interpreted in terms of thermodynamic parameters such as the change in enthalpy, ΔH.