The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Jouko Niinimäki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fine Grinding of wood – Overview from wood breakage to applications
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Pasi Karinkanta, Ari Ämmälä, Mirja Illikainen, Jouko Niinimäki
    Abstract:

    Abstract Due to its abundance, wood is the pre-eminent lignocellulosic raw material for a sustainable bioeconomy based society. Wood is widely used as fuel, construction material, and raw material in cellulose and lignocellulose based products. Besides the established uses of wood powder, like co-firing with coal and biofuel production, there are also novel uses and process applications, e.g., advanced wood-plastic composites and biochemical production are emerging for which the pulverization or Fine Grinding of wood is an essential pre-treatment step. Due to the tenacious nature of the wood matrix, size reduction is an energy intensive process and thermal or chemical pre-treatment may be needed to improve economy. This paper provides a broad overview of the Fine Grinding of wood. First, wood breakage mechanisms and the mechanisms of size reduction are presented, followed by Fine Grinding techniques and wood pre-treatment methods. A comparison of the specific energy consumption of wood Fine Grinding in both a gaseous and liquid environment is illustrated. Additionally, examples are given of the role played by pre-treatment methods in decreasing energy consumption. The particle aspect ratio is discussed briefly. Finally, the use and requirements of wood powders in various applications are discussed.

  • Fine Grinding of wood overview from wood breakage to applications
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Pasi Karinkanta, Ari Ämmälä, Mirja Illikainen, Jouko Niinimäki
    Abstract:

    Abstract Due to its abundance, wood is the pre-eminent lignocellulosic raw material for a sustainable bioeconomy based society. Wood is widely used as fuel, construction material, and raw material in cellulose and lignocellulose based products. Besides the established uses of wood powder, like co-firing with coal and biofuel production, there are also novel uses and process applications, e.g., advanced wood-plastic composites and biochemical production are emerging for which the pulverization or Fine Grinding of wood is an essential pre-treatment step. Due to the tenacious nature of the wood matrix, size reduction is an energy intensive process and thermal or chemical pre-treatment may be needed to improve economy. This paper provides a broad overview of the Fine Grinding of wood. First, wood breakage mechanisms and the mechanisms of size reduction are presented, followed by Fine Grinding techniques and wood pre-treatment methods. A comparison of the specific energy consumption of wood Fine Grinding in both a gaseous and liquid environment is illustrated. Additionally, examples are given of the role played by pre-treatment methods in decreasing energy consumption. The particle aspect ratio is discussed briefly. Finally, the use and requirements of wood powders in various applications are discussed.

Pasi Karinkanta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fine Grinding of wood – Overview from wood breakage to applications
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Pasi Karinkanta, Ari Ämmälä, Mirja Illikainen, Jouko Niinimäki
    Abstract:

    Abstract Due to its abundance, wood is the pre-eminent lignocellulosic raw material for a sustainable bioeconomy based society. Wood is widely used as fuel, construction material, and raw material in cellulose and lignocellulose based products. Besides the established uses of wood powder, like co-firing with coal and biofuel production, there are also novel uses and process applications, e.g., advanced wood-plastic composites and biochemical production are emerging for which the pulverization or Fine Grinding of wood is an essential pre-treatment step. Due to the tenacious nature of the wood matrix, size reduction is an energy intensive process and thermal or chemical pre-treatment may be needed to improve economy. This paper provides a broad overview of the Fine Grinding of wood. First, wood breakage mechanisms and the mechanisms of size reduction are presented, followed by Fine Grinding techniques and wood pre-treatment methods. A comparison of the specific energy consumption of wood Fine Grinding in both a gaseous and liquid environment is illustrated. Additionally, examples are given of the role played by pre-treatment methods in decreasing energy consumption. The particle aspect ratio is discussed briefly. Finally, the use and requirements of wood powders in various applications are discussed.

  • Fine Grinding of wood overview from wood breakage to applications
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Pasi Karinkanta, Ari Ämmälä, Mirja Illikainen, Jouko Niinimäki
    Abstract:

    Abstract Due to its abundance, wood is the pre-eminent lignocellulosic raw material for a sustainable bioeconomy based society. Wood is widely used as fuel, construction material, and raw material in cellulose and lignocellulose based products. Besides the established uses of wood powder, like co-firing with coal and biofuel production, there are also novel uses and process applications, e.g., advanced wood-plastic composites and biochemical production are emerging for which the pulverization or Fine Grinding of wood is an essential pre-treatment step. Due to the tenacious nature of the wood matrix, size reduction is an energy intensive process and thermal or chemical pre-treatment may be needed to improve economy. This paper provides a broad overview of the Fine Grinding of wood. First, wood breakage mechanisms and the mechanisms of size reduction are presented, followed by Fine Grinding techniques and wood pre-treatment methods. A comparison of the specific energy consumption of wood Fine Grinding in both a gaseous and liquid environment is illustrated. Additionally, examples are given of the role played by pre-treatment methods in decreasing energy consumption. The particle aspect ratio is discussed briefly. Finally, the use and requirements of wood powders in various applications are discussed.

Ari Ämmälä - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fine Grinding of wood – Overview from wood breakage to applications
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Pasi Karinkanta, Ari Ämmälä, Mirja Illikainen, Jouko Niinimäki
    Abstract:

    Abstract Due to its abundance, wood is the pre-eminent lignocellulosic raw material for a sustainable bioeconomy based society. Wood is widely used as fuel, construction material, and raw material in cellulose and lignocellulose based products. Besides the established uses of wood powder, like co-firing with coal and biofuel production, there are also novel uses and process applications, e.g., advanced wood-plastic composites and biochemical production are emerging for which the pulverization or Fine Grinding of wood is an essential pre-treatment step. Due to the tenacious nature of the wood matrix, size reduction is an energy intensive process and thermal or chemical pre-treatment may be needed to improve economy. This paper provides a broad overview of the Fine Grinding of wood. First, wood breakage mechanisms and the mechanisms of size reduction are presented, followed by Fine Grinding techniques and wood pre-treatment methods. A comparison of the specific energy consumption of wood Fine Grinding in both a gaseous and liquid environment is illustrated. Additionally, examples are given of the role played by pre-treatment methods in decreasing energy consumption. The particle aspect ratio is discussed briefly. Finally, the use and requirements of wood powders in various applications are discussed.

  • Fine Grinding of wood overview from wood breakage to applications
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Pasi Karinkanta, Ari Ämmälä, Mirja Illikainen, Jouko Niinimäki
    Abstract:

    Abstract Due to its abundance, wood is the pre-eminent lignocellulosic raw material for a sustainable bioeconomy based society. Wood is widely used as fuel, construction material, and raw material in cellulose and lignocellulose based products. Besides the established uses of wood powder, like co-firing with coal and biofuel production, there are also novel uses and process applications, e.g., advanced wood-plastic composites and biochemical production are emerging for which the pulverization or Fine Grinding of wood is an essential pre-treatment step. Due to the tenacious nature of the wood matrix, size reduction is an energy intensive process and thermal or chemical pre-treatment may be needed to improve economy. This paper provides a broad overview of the Fine Grinding of wood. First, wood breakage mechanisms and the mechanisms of size reduction are presented, followed by Fine Grinding techniques and wood pre-treatment methods. A comparison of the specific energy consumption of wood Fine Grinding in both a gaseous and liquid environment is illustrated. Additionally, examples are given of the role played by pre-treatment methods in decreasing energy consumption. The particle aspect ratio is discussed briefly. Finally, the use and requirements of wood powders in various applications are discussed.

Mirja Illikainen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fine Grinding of wood – Overview from wood breakage to applications
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Pasi Karinkanta, Ari Ämmälä, Mirja Illikainen, Jouko Niinimäki
    Abstract:

    Abstract Due to its abundance, wood is the pre-eminent lignocellulosic raw material for a sustainable bioeconomy based society. Wood is widely used as fuel, construction material, and raw material in cellulose and lignocellulose based products. Besides the established uses of wood powder, like co-firing with coal and biofuel production, there are also novel uses and process applications, e.g., advanced wood-plastic composites and biochemical production are emerging for which the pulverization or Fine Grinding of wood is an essential pre-treatment step. Due to the tenacious nature of the wood matrix, size reduction is an energy intensive process and thermal or chemical pre-treatment may be needed to improve economy. This paper provides a broad overview of the Fine Grinding of wood. First, wood breakage mechanisms and the mechanisms of size reduction are presented, followed by Fine Grinding techniques and wood pre-treatment methods. A comparison of the specific energy consumption of wood Fine Grinding in both a gaseous and liquid environment is illustrated. Additionally, examples are given of the role played by pre-treatment methods in decreasing energy consumption. The particle aspect ratio is discussed briefly. Finally, the use and requirements of wood powders in various applications are discussed.

  • Fine Grinding of wood overview from wood breakage to applications
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Pasi Karinkanta, Ari Ämmälä, Mirja Illikainen, Jouko Niinimäki
    Abstract:

    Abstract Due to its abundance, wood is the pre-eminent lignocellulosic raw material for a sustainable bioeconomy based society. Wood is widely used as fuel, construction material, and raw material in cellulose and lignocellulose based products. Besides the established uses of wood powder, like co-firing with coal and biofuel production, there are also novel uses and process applications, e.g., advanced wood-plastic composites and biochemical production are emerging for which the pulverization or Fine Grinding of wood is an essential pre-treatment step. Due to the tenacious nature of the wood matrix, size reduction is an energy intensive process and thermal or chemical pre-treatment may be needed to improve economy. This paper provides a broad overview of the Fine Grinding of wood. First, wood breakage mechanisms and the mechanisms of size reduction are presented, followed by Fine Grinding techniques and wood pre-treatment methods. A comparison of the specific energy consumption of wood Fine Grinding in both a gaseous and liquid environment is illustrated. Additionally, examples are given of the role played by pre-treatment methods in decreasing energy consumption. The particle aspect ratio is discussed briefly. Finally, the use and requirements of wood powders in various applications are discussed.

Alan Strasbaugh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fine Grinding of silicon wafers: designed experiments
    International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2002
    Co-Authors: Zhijian Pei, Alan Strasbaugh
    Abstract:

    Abstract Silicon wafers are the most widely used substrates for semiconductors. The falling price of silicon wafers has created tremendous pressure to develop cost-effective processes to manufacture silicon wafers. Fine Grinding possesses great potential to reduce the overall cost for manufacturing silicon wafers. The uniqueness and the special requirements of Fine Grinding have been discussed in a paper published earlier in this journal. As a follow-up, this paper presents the results of a designed experimental investigation into Fine Grinding of silicon wafers. In this investigation, a three-variable two-level full factorial design is employed to reveal the main effects as well as the interaction effects of three process parameters (wheel rotational speed, chuck rotational speed and feed-rate). The process outputs studied include Grinding force, spindle motor current, cycle time, surface roughness and Grinding marks.

  • Fine Grinding of Silicon Wafers: Grinding Marks
    Microelectromechanical Systems, 2002
    Co-Authors: Alan Strasbaugh
    Abstract:

    In order to ensure high quality chips with high yield, the base material, semiconductor wafers (over 90% are silicon), must have superior quality. It is critically important to develop new manufacturing processes that allow silicon wafer manufacturers to produce high quality wafers at a reasonably low cost. A newly patented technology—Fine Grinding of etched silicon wafers—has great potential to manufacture very flat silicon wafers more cost-effectively. This paper presents an investigation of Grinding marks in Fine Grinding. The investigation covers (1) nature of Grinding marks, (2) factors that have effects on Grinding marks, and (3) approaches to reduce Grinding marks. Varying chuck speed during Grinding operation is shown to be a very effective approach to reduce Grinding marks. Conclusions from this study have direct impacts to the silicon wafer industry.Copyright © 2002 by ASME

  • Fine Grinding of silicon wafers
    International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2001
    Co-Authors: Zhijian Pei, Alan Strasbaugh
    Abstract:

    Silicon wafers are used for the production of most microchips. Various processes are needed to transfer a silicon crystal ingot into wafers. As one of such processes, surface Grinding of silicon wafers has attracted attention among various investigators and a limited number of articles can be found in the literature. However, no published articles are available regarding Fine Grinding of silicon wafers. In this paper, the uniqueness and the special requirements of the silicon wafer Fine Grinding process are introduced first. Then some experimental results on the Fine Grinding of silicon wafers are presented and discussed. Tests on different Grinding wheels demonstrate the importance of choosing the correct wheel and an illustration of the proper selection of process parameters is included. Also discussed are the effects of the nozzle position and the flow rate of the Grinding coolant.