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Delbert J. Eatough - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Use of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry organic aerosol monitor for in-field detection of Fine Particulate organic compounds in source apportionment.
    Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995), 2018
    Co-Authors: Paul M. Cropper, Delbert J. Eatough, Devon K. Overson, Jaron C. Hansen, Fern Caka, Robert A. Cary
    Abstract:

    A study was conducted on the Brigham Young University campus during January and February 2015 to identify winter-time sources of Fine Particulate material in Utah Valley, Utah. Fine Particulate mas...

  • Use of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry organic aerosol monitor for in-field detection of Fine Particulate organic compounds in source apportionment.
    Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995), 2018
    Co-Authors: Paul M. Cropper, Delbert J. Eatough, Devon K. Overson, Jaron C. Hansen, Fern Caka, Robert A. Cary
    Abstract:

    A study was conducted on the Brigham Young University campus during January and February 2015 to identify winter-time sources of Fine Particulate material in Utah Valley, Utah. Fine Particulate mass and components and related gas-phase species were all measured on an hourly averaged basis. Light scattering was also measured during the study. Included in the sampling was the first-time source apportionment application of a new monitoring instrument for the measurement of Fine Particulate organic marker compounds on an hourly averaged basis. Organic marker compounds measured included levoglucosan, dehydroabietic acid, stearic acid, pyrene, and anthracene. A total of 248 hourly averaged data sets were available for a positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of sources of both primary and secondary Fine Particulate material. A total of nine factors were identified. The presence of wood smoke emissions was associated with levoglucosan, dehydroabietic acid, and pyrene markers. Fine Particulate secondary nitrate, secondary organic material, and wood smoke accounted for 90% of the Fine Particulate material. Fine particle light scattering was dominated by sources associated with wood smoke and secondary ammonium nitrate with associated modeled Fine Particulate water. IMPLICATIONS The identification of sources and secondary formation pathways leading to observed levels of PM2.5 (Particulate matter with an aerodynmaic diameter

  • Vascular function and short-term exposure to Fine Particulate air pollution.
    Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995), 2011
    Co-Authors: C. Arden Pope, Jaron C. Hansen, Roman Kuprov, Matthew D. Sanders, Michael N. Anderson, Delbert J. Eatough
    Abstract:

    Exposure to Fine Particulate air pollution has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiopulmonary disease and mortality. Proposed biological pathways imply that particle-induced pulmonary and systemic inflammation play a role in activating the vascular endothelium and altering vascular function. Potential effects of Fine Particulate pollution on vascular function are explored using controlled chamber exposure and uncontrolled ambient exposure. Research subjects included four panels with a total of 26 healthy nonsmoking young adults. On two study visits, at least 7 days apart, subjects spent 3 hr in a controlled-exposure chamber exposed to 150-200 microg/m3 of Fine particles generated from coal or wood combustion and 3 hr in a clean room, with exposure and nonexposure periods alternated between visits. Baseline, postexposure, and post-clean room reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) was conducted. A microvascular responsiveness index, deFined as the log of the RH-PAT ratio, was calculated. There was no contemporaneous vascular response to the few hours of controlled exposure. Declines in vascular response were associated with elevated ambient exposures for the previous 2 days, especially for female subjects. Cumulative exposure to real-life Fine Particulate pollution may affect vascular function. More research is needed to determine the roles of age and gender, the effect of pollution sources, the importance of cumulative exposure over a few days versus a few hours, and the lag time between exposure and response.

  • Review of Recent Advances in Detection of Organic Markers in Fine Particulate Matter and Their Use for Source Apportionment
    Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995), 2010
    Co-Authors: Lin Lin, Milton L. Lee, Delbert J. Eatough
    Abstract:

    Fine Particulate matter is believed to be more toxic than coarse particles and to exacerbate health problems such as respiratory and cardiopulmonary diseases. Specific organic compounds within atmospheric Fine Particulate material can be used to differentiate specific inputs from various emissions and thus is helpful in identifying the major urban air pollution sources that contribute to these health problems. Particular marker compounds that carry signature information about different emission sources (i.e., gasoline or diesel motor vehicles, wood smoke, meat cooking, vegetative detritus, and cigarette smoke) are reviewed. Aerosol organic types (e.g., from mass spectrometry data, which can also help in elucidation of carbonaceous material sources) are also discussed. Apportionment of the primary source contributions and atmospheric processes contributing to Fine Particulate matter and Fine Particulate organic material concentrations are outlined. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in chemical characterization approaches for identification and quantification of compounds in complex organic mixtures associated with Fine atmospheric particles and their use in chemical mass balance (CMB) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment models.

  • Fine Particulate chemical composition and light extinction at Meadview, AZ.
    Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995), 2006
    Co-Authors: Delbert J. Eatough, Wenxuan Cui, Jeffery Hull, Robert J. Farber
    Abstract:

    Abstract The concentration of Fine Particulate nitrate, sulfate, and carbonaceous material was measured for 12-hr day-night samples using diffusion denuder samplers during the Project Measurement of Haze and Visibility Effects (MOHAVE) July to August 1992 Summer Intensive study at Meadview, AZ, just west of Grand Canyon National Park. Organic material was measured by several techniques. Only the diffusion denuder method measured the semivolatile organic material. Fine Particulate sulfate and nitrate (using denuder technology) determined by various groups agreed. Based on the various collocated measurements obtained during the Project MOHAVE study, the precision of the major Fine Particulate species was ±0.6 μg/m3 organic material, ±0.3 μg/m3 ammonium sulfate, and ±0.07 μg/m3 ammonium nitrate. Data were also available on Fine Particulate crustal material, Fine and coarse Particulate mass from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments sampling system, and relative humidity (RH), light abso...

Mei Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Understanding sources of Fine Particulate matter in China.
    Philosophical transactions. Series A Mathematical physical and engineering sciences, 2020
    Co-Authors: Mei Zheng, Caiqing Yan, Tong Zhu
    Abstract:

    Fine Particulate matter has been a major concern in China as it is closely linked to issues such as haze, health and climate impacts. Since China released its new national air quality standard for ...

  • review of receptor based source apportionment research of Fine Particulate matter and its challenges in china
    Science of The Total Environment, 2017
    Co-Authors: Yanjun Zhang, Shuxiao Wang, Jing Cai, Mei Zheng
    Abstract:

    Abstract As the key for haze control, atmospheric Fine Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter

  • Fine Particulate Matter in Beijing: Sources and Health Impacts
    ISEE Conference Abstracts, 2016
    Co-Authors: Mei Zheng, Yanjun Zhang, Caiqing Yan
    Abstract:

    Introduction: High concentration of atmospheric Fine Particulate matter (PM2.5) could deteriorate air quality, reduce visibility, influence climate change, and affect human health. PM2.5 has attrac...

  • source areas and chemical composition of Fine Particulate matter in the pearl river delta region of china
    Atmospheric Environment, 2006
    Co-Authors: Gayle S W Hagle, Mei Zheng, Michael H Ergi, Ly G Salmo, L M Zeng, C S Kiang, Y H Zhang, Alexis K H Lau, James J Schaue
    Abstract:

    Fine Particulate matter (PM2.5) was measured for 4 months during 2002–2003 at seven sites located in the rapidly developing Pearl River Delta region of China, an area encompassing the major cities of Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou. The 4-month average Fine Particulate matter concentration ranged from 37 to 71m gm 3 in Guangdong province and from 29 to 34m gm 3 in Hong Kong. Main constituents of Fine Particulate mass were organic compounds (24–35% by mass) and sulfate (21–32%). With sampling sites strategically located to monitor the regional air shed patterns and urban areas, specific source-related Fine Particulate species (sulfate, organic mass, elemental carbon, potassium and lead) and daily surface winds were analyzed to estimate influential source locations. The impact of transport was investigated by categorizing 13 (of 20 total) sampling days by prevailing wind direction (southerly, northerly or low windspeed mixed flow). The vicinity of Guangzhou is determined to be a major source area influencing regional concentrations of PM2.5, with levels observed to increase by 18–34m gm 3 (accounting for 46–56% of resulting Particulate levels) at sites immediately downwind of Guangzhou. The area near Guangzhou is also observed to heavily impact downwind concentrations of lead. Potassium levels, related to biomass burning, appear to be controlled by sources in the northern part of the Pearl River Delta, near rural Conghua and urban Guangzhou. Guangzhou appears to contribute 5–6m gm 3 of sulfate to downwind locations. Guangzhou also stands out as a significant regional source of organic mass (OM), adding 8.5–14.5m gm 3 to downwind concentrations. Elemental carbon is observed to be strongly influenced by local sources, with highest levels found in urban regions. In addition, it appears that sources outside of the Pearl River Delta contribute a significant fraction of overall Fine Particulate matter in Hong Kong and Guangdong province. This is evident in the

William E. Pierson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pulmonary function changes in children associated with Fine Particulate matter
    Environmental research, 1993
    Co-Authors: J.q. Koenig, Timothy V. Larson, Quentin S. Hanley, Viviana Rebolledo, Karen Dumler, Harvey Checkoway, Shuoqi Wang, Danyu Lin, William E. Pierson
    Abstract:

    During winter months many neighborhoods in the Seattle metropolitan area are heavily affected by Particulate matter from residential wood burning. A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between Fine Particulate matter and pulmonary function in young children. The subjects were 326 elementary school children, including 24 asthmatics, who lived in an area with high Particulate concentrations predominantly from residential wood burning. FEV1 and FVC were measured before, during and after the 1988-1989 and 1989-1990 winter heating seasons. Fine Particulate matter was assessed using a light-scattering instrument. Analysis of the relationship between light scattering and lung function indicated that an increase in Particulate air pollution was associated with a decline in asthmatic children's pulmonary function. FEV1 and FVC in the asthmatic children dropped an average of 34 and 37 ml respectively for each 10(-4) m-1 increase in sigma sp. This sigma sp increase corresponds to an increase in PM2.5 of 20 micrograms/m3. It is concluded that Fine Particulate matter from wood burning is significantly associated with acute respiratory irritation in young asthmatic children.

Timothy V. Larson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pulmonary function changes in children associated with Fine Particulate matter
    Environmental research, 1993
    Co-Authors: J.q. Koenig, Timothy V. Larson, Quentin S. Hanley, Viviana Rebolledo, Karen Dumler, Harvey Checkoway, Shuoqi Wang, Danyu Lin, William E. Pierson
    Abstract:

    During winter months many neighborhoods in the Seattle metropolitan area are heavily affected by Particulate matter from residential wood burning. A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between Fine Particulate matter and pulmonary function in young children. The subjects were 326 elementary school children, including 24 asthmatics, who lived in an area with high Particulate concentrations predominantly from residential wood burning. FEV1 and FVC were measured before, during and after the 1988-1989 and 1989-1990 winter heating seasons. Fine Particulate matter was assessed using a light-scattering instrument. Analysis of the relationship between light scattering and lung function indicated that an increase in Particulate air pollution was associated with a decline in asthmatic children's pulmonary function. FEV1 and FVC in the asthmatic children dropped an average of 34 and 37 ml respectively for each 10(-4) m-1 increase in sigma sp. This sigma sp increase corresponds to an increase in PM2.5 of 20 micrograms/m3. It is concluded that Fine Particulate matter from wood burning is significantly associated with acute respiratory irritation in young asthmatic children.

  • ANALYSIS OF Fine Particulate MATTER NEAR URBAN ROADWAYS
    Transportation Research Record, 1993
    Co-Authors: Morgan Balogh, Timothy V. Larson, Fred L. Mannering
    Abstract:

    The emission and dispersion of Particulate matter near urban roadways has become an issue of increasing concern because of the possible health risks to humans associated with the inhalation of small Particulates. Despite the potential health risk, little is known about the concentration of Particulates near urban roadways or the Particulates emission rates of various vehicles. Particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (microns), typically denoted PM sub 2.5, was studied. Data were collected along paved roads on the University of Washington campus. The results of the data collection and subsequent statistical analysis indicated, as expected, that urban buses are by far the major source of Particulate emissions and that buses with low exhaust pipes generate higher concentrations of roadside Fine Particulate matter than buses with elevated exhausts. The findings suggest that the Environmental Protection Agency's procedure AP-42 for calculating resuspended Particulate matter near urban roads is grossly inaccurate, producing values that are 9 to 20 times higher than observed Fine Particulate levels.

Tong Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.