The Experts below are selected from a list of 20424 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Joseph W Domitrovich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wildland Firefighter smoke exposure and risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality
Environmental Research, 2019Co-Authors: Kathleen M Navarro, Michael T Kleinman, Chris E Mackay, Timothy E Reinhardt, John R Balmes, George Broyles, Roger D Ottmar, Luke P Naher, Joseph W DomitrovichAbstract:Abstract Wildland Firefighters are exposed to wood smoke, which contains hazardous air pollutants, by suppressing thousands of wildfires across the U. S. each year. We estimated the relative risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality from existing PM2.5 exposure-response relationships using measured PM4 concentrations from smoke and breathing rates from wildland Firefighter field studies across different exposure scenarios. To estimate the relative risk of lung cancer (LC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality from exposure to PM2.5 from smoke, we used an existing exposure-response (ER) relationship. We estimated the daily dose of wildfire smoke PM2.5 from measured concentrations of PM4, estimated wildland Firefighter breathing rates, daily shift duration (hours per day) and frequency of exposure (fire days per year and career duration). Firefighters who worked 49 days per year were exposed to a daily dose of PM4 that ranged from 0.15 mg to 0.74 mg for a 5- and 25-year career, respectively. The daily dose for Firefighters working 98 days per year of PM4 ranged from 0.30 mg to 1.49 mg. Across all exposure scenarios (49 and 98 fire days per year) and career durations (5–25 years), we estimated that wildland Firefighters were at an increased risk of LC (8 percent to 43 percent) and CVD (16 percent to 30 percent) mortality. This unique approach assessed long term health risks for wildland Firefighters and demonstrated that wildland Firefighters have an increased risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality.
Ian H. Stanley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occupational stress and suicidality among Firefighters examining the buffering role of distress tolerance
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2018Co-Authors: Ian H. Stanley, Thomas E. Joiner, Joseph W Boffa, Lia J Smith, Jana K Tran, Brad N Schmidt, Anka A VujanovicAbstract:Abstract Past research indicates that Firefighters are at increased risk for suicide. Firefighter-specific occupational stress may contribute to elevated suicidality. Among a large sample of Firefighters, this study examined if occupational stress is associated with multiple indicators of suicide risk, and whether distress tolerance, the perceived and/or actual ability to endure negative emotional or physical states, attenuates these associations. A total of 831 Firefighters participated (mean [SD] age = 38.37y[8.53y]; 94.5% male; 75.2% White). The Sources of Occupational Stress-14 (SOOS-14), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire—Revised (SBQ-R) were utilized to examine Firefighter-specific occupational stress, distress tolerance, and suicidality, respectively. Consistent with predictions, occupational stress interacted with distress tolerance, such that the effects of occupational stress on suicide risk, broadly, as well as lifetime suicide threats and current suicidal intent, specifically, were attenuated at high levels of distress tolerance. Distress tolerance may buffer the effects of occupational stress on suicidality among Firefighters. Pending replication, findings suggest that distress tolerance may be a viable target for suicide prevention initiatives within the fire service.
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Wildland Firefighters and suicide risk: Examining the role of social disconnectedness.
Psychiatry Research, 2018Co-Authors: Ian H. Stanley, Melanie A. Hom, Anna R. Gai, Thomas E. JoinerAbstract:Abstract Recent research has indicated that Firefighters are at elevated suicide risk. Fire service organizations have called for research to examine fire service subgroups that might be at relatively increased suicide risk. Although anecdotal reports suggest that wildland Firefighters represent one such group, to our knowledge, no study has empirically examined this conjecture. Thus, the present investigation examined if wildland Firefighters report greater levels of suicide risk than non-wildland Firefighters. Moreover, we sought to determine if two constructs proposed by the interpersonal theory of suicide to comprise suicidal desire—thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness—statistically explain the link between wildland Firefighter status and suicide risk. Merged data from two nationwide investigations of Firefighter mental health were utilized (N = 1,131; 68.2% male, 89.4% White). A total of 1.8% (n = 20) of the sample identified as wildland Firefighters. Compared to non-wildland Firefighters, wildland Firefighters reported greater levels of suicide risk. Thwarted belongingness, but not perceived burdensomeness, statistically explained this link. Findings suggest that programs enhancing social connectedness within the fire service, particularly among wildland Firefighters, might be one avenue for suicide prevention among Firefighters. Results of this novel investigation should be interpreted in light of the relatively small subgroup of wildland Firefighters.
Thomas E. Joiner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occupational stress and suicidality among Firefighters examining the buffering role of distress tolerance
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2018Co-Authors: Ian H. Stanley, Thomas E. Joiner, Joseph W Boffa, Lia J Smith, Jana K Tran, Brad N Schmidt, Anka A VujanovicAbstract:Abstract Past research indicates that Firefighters are at increased risk for suicide. Firefighter-specific occupational stress may contribute to elevated suicidality. Among a large sample of Firefighters, this study examined if occupational stress is associated with multiple indicators of suicide risk, and whether distress tolerance, the perceived and/or actual ability to endure negative emotional or physical states, attenuates these associations. A total of 831 Firefighters participated (mean [SD] age = 38.37y[8.53y]; 94.5% male; 75.2% White). The Sources of Occupational Stress-14 (SOOS-14), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire—Revised (SBQ-R) were utilized to examine Firefighter-specific occupational stress, distress tolerance, and suicidality, respectively. Consistent with predictions, occupational stress interacted with distress tolerance, such that the effects of occupational stress on suicide risk, broadly, as well as lifetime suicide threats and current suicidal intent, specifically, were attenuated at high levels of distress tolerance. Distress tolerance may buffer the effects of occupational stress on suicidality among Firefighters. Pending replication, findings suggest that distress tolerance may be a viable target for suicide prevention initiatives within the fire service.
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Wildland Firefighters and suicide risk: Examining the role of social disconnectedness.
Psychiatry Research, 2018Co-Authors: Ian H. Stanley, Melanie A. Hom, Anna R. Gai, Thomas E. JoinerAbstract:Abstract Recent research has indicated that Firefighters are at elevated suicide risk. Fire service organizations have called for research to examine fire service subgroups that might be at relatively increased suicide risk. Although anecdotal reports suggest that wildland Firefighters represent one such group, to our knowledge, no study has empirically examined this conjecture. Thus, the present investigation examined if wildland Firefighters report greater levels of suicide risk than non-wildland Firefighters. Moreover, we sought to determine if two constructs proposed by the interpersonal theory of suicide to comprise suicidal desire—thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness—statistically explain the link between wildland Firefighter status and suicide risk. Merged data from two nationwide investigations of Firefighter mental health were utilized (N = 1,131; 68.2% male, 89.4% White). A total of 1.8% (n = 20) of the sample identified as wildland Firefighters. Compared to non-wildland Firefighters, wildland Firefighters reported greater levels of suicide risk. Thwarted belongingness, but not perceived burdensomeness, statistically explained this link. Findings suggest that programs enhancing social connectedness within the fire service, particularly among wildland Firefighters, might be one avenue for suicide prevention among Firefighters. Results of this novel investigation should be interpreted in light of the relatively small subgroup of wildland Firefighters.
Costas A Christophi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of fire academy training and probationary Firefighter status on select basic health and fitness measurements
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2020Co-Authors: Fanyun Lan, Ioanna Yiannakou, Christopher Scheibler, Maria Soledad Hershey, Juan Luis Romero Cabrera, Gabe Gaviola, Alejandro Fernandezmontero, Costas A ChristophiAbstract:Purpose To investigate changes in Firefighter recruits' select health and fitness measurements, from academy training through the early probationary Firefighter period. Methods Firefighter recruits from two New England fire academies were followed prospectively from enrollment at the academy, to graduation after 15-16 week training programs, and then for an average of eight months as probationary Firefighters. The participants' demographic, lifestyle, and mental health information were collected using a questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, blood pressure, and push-ups were also measured at each time point. Furthermore, the academies tested the recruits on selected fitness measures (push-ups, pull-ups, and 1.5-mile running time) at academy entry, mid-training, and at graduation. Results Ninety-two recruits consented and were included in the analyses. The recruits' percent body fat significantly decreased (median: 21.0% to 18.2%) from baseline to graduation and push-up capacity significantly improved (median: 34 to 53/minute) in the same period, along with pull-ups and 1.5-mile running time. However, the recruits' blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, increased significantly by an average of 3 mmHg during the training. Those completing probationary follow-up (45 out of 92 recruits) showed that most health/fitness improvements declined after graduation. From academy graduation through probationary follow-up, recruits' physical activity decreased and TV screen time increased significantly, leading to a lower healthy lifestyle score (median: 4 to 3). After multivariate adjustments, the recruits' diastolic blood pressure increased by 2 mmHg per measuring time throughout the study period. Conclusion Fire academy training improved recruits' select health and fitness measurements, but the benefits dissipated as probationary Firefighters, and blood pressures increased throughout the study period. Further interventions are warranted regarding blood pressure and to maintain training benefits after joining fire departments.
Ken Pike - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exposure to traumatic incidents and prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptomatology in urban Firefighters in two countries
Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1999Co-Authors: Wayne Corneil, Randal Beaton, Shirley Murphy, Clark Johnson, Ken PikeAbstract:Urban Firefighters are at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due in part to their exposure to duty-related trauma. This study compared duty-related trauma exposures and the prevalences of posttraumatic stress in U.S. and Canadian Firefighters. Both samples reported relatively numerous and frequent posttrauma symptoms, and the rates of self-reported PTSD prevalence did not differ significantly. However, analysis of departmental records for respondents' previous year on duty revealed significant differences in both frequencies and categories of traumatic incident exposures. Some of the vulnerability and moderating risk factors associated with PTSD caseness differed between the U.S. and Canadian samples. Potential explanations for the observed differences in risk factors for PTSD in these 2 Firefighter samples are considered. Language: en
