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Susanna M. Proudman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Role of Fish Oils in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Drugs, 2003
    Co-Authors: Leslie G. Cleland, Michael J. James, Susanna M. Proudman
    Abstract:

    Fish Oils are a rich source of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA). The specific fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are homologues of the n-6 fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA). This chemistry provides for antagonism by n-3 LC PUFA of AA metabolism to pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic n-6 eicosanoids, as well as production of less active n-3 eicosanoids. In addition, n-3 LC PUFA can suppress production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cartilage degradative enzymes. In accordance with the biochemical effects, beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of dietary Fish Oils have been demonstrated in randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Also, Fish Oils have protective clinical effects in occlusive cardiovascular disease, for which patients with RA are at increased risk. Implementation of the clinical use of anti-inflammatory Fish oil doses has been poor. Since Fish Oils do not provide industry with the opportunities for substantial profit associated with patented prescription items, they have not received the marketing inputs that underpin the adoption of usual pharmacotherapies. Accordingly, many prescribers remain ignorant of their biochemistry, therapeutic effects, formulations, principles of application and complementary dietary modifications. Evidence is presented that increased uptake of this approach can be achieved using bulk Fish Oils. This approach has been used with good compliance in RA patients. In addition, an index of n-3 nutrition can be used to provide helpful feedback messages to patients and to monitor the attainment of target levels. Collectively, these issues highlight the challenges in advancing the use of Fish oil amid the complexities of modern management of RA, with its emphasis on combination chemotherapy applied early.

  • The Role of Fish Oils in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Drugs, 2003
    Co-Authors: Leslie G. Cleland, Michael J. James, Susanna M. Proudman
    Abstract:

    Fish Oils are a rich source of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA). The specific fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are homologues of the n-6 fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA). This chemistry provides for antagonism by n-3 LC PUFA of AA metabolism to pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic n-6 eicosanoids, as well as production of less active n-3 eicosanoids. In addition, n-3 LC PUFA can suppress production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cartilage degradative enzymes.

Leslie G. Cleland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Role of Fish Oils in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Drugs, 2003
    Co-Authors: Leslie G. Cleland, Michael J. James, Susanna M. Proudman
    Abstract:

    Fish Oils are a rich source of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA). The specific fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are homologues of the n-6 fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA). This chemistry provides for antagonism by n-3 LC PUFA of AA metabolism to pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic n-6 eicosanoids, as well as production of less active n-3 eicosanoids. In addition, n-3 LC PUFA can suppress production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cartilage degradative enzymes. In accordance with the biochemical effects, beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of dietary Fish Oils have been demonstrated in randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Also, Fish Oils have protective clinical effects in occlusive cardiovascular disease, for which patients with RA are at increased risk. Implementation of the clinical use of anti-inflammatory Fish oil doses has been poor. Since Fish Oils do not provide industry with the opportunities for substantial profit associated with patented prescription items, they have not received the marketing inputs that underpin the adoption of usual pharmacotherapies. Accordingly, many prescribers remain ignorant of their biochemistry, therapeutic effects, formulations, principles of application and complementary dietary modifications. Evidence is presented that increased uptake of this approach can be achieved using bulk Fish Oils. This approach has been used with good compliance in RA patients. In addition, an index of n-3 nutrition can be used to provide helpful feedback messages to patients and to monitor the attainment of target levels. Collectively, these issues highlight the challenges in advancing the use of Fish oil amid the complexities of modern management of RA, with its emphasis on combination chemotherapy applied early.

  • The Role of Fish Oils in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Drugs, 2003
    Co-Authors: Leslie G. Cleland, Michael J. James, Susanna M. Proudman
    Abstract:

    Fish Oils are a rich source of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA). The specific fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are homologues of the n-6 fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA). This chemistry provides for antagonism by n-3 LC PUFA of AA metabolism to pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic n-6 eicosanoids, as well as production of less active n-3 eicosanoids. In addition, n-3 LC PUFA can suppress production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cartilage degradative enzymes.

Michael J. James - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Role of Fish Oils in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Drugs, 2003
    Co-Authors: Leslie G. Cleland, Michael J. James, Susanna M. Proudman
    Abstract:

    Fish Oils are a rich source of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA). The specific fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are homologues of the n-6 fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA). This chemistry provides for antagonism by n-3 LC PUFA of AA metabolism to pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic n-6 eicosanoids, as well as production of less active n-3 eicosanoids. In addition, n-3 LC PUFA can suppress production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cartilage degradative enzymes. In accordance with the biochemical effects, beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of dietary Fish Oils have been demonstrated in randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Also, Fish Oils have protective clinical effects in occlusive cardiovascular disease, for which patients with RA are at increased risk. Implementation of the clinical use of anti-inflammatory Fish oil doses has been poor. Since Fish Oils do not provide industry with the opportunities for substantial profit associated with patented prescription items, they have not received the marketing inputs that underpin the adoption of usual pharmacotherapies. Accordingly, many prescribers remain ignorant of their biochemistry, therapeutic effects, formulations, principles of application and complementary dietary modifications. Evidence is presented that increased uptake of this approach can be achieved using bulk Fish Oils. This approach has been used with good compliance in RA patients. In addition, an index of n-3 nutrition can be used to provide helpful feedback messages to patients and to monitor the attainment of target levels. Collectively, these issues highlight the challenges in advancing the use of Fish oil amid the complexities of modern management of RA, with its emphasis on combination chemotherapy applied early.

  • The Role of Fish Oils in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Drugs, 2003
    Co-Authors: Leslie G. Cleland, Michael J. James, Susanna M. Proudman
    Abstract:

    Fish Oils are a rich source of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA). The specific fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are homologues of the n-6 fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA). This chemistry provides for antagonism by n-3 LC PUFA of AA metabolism to pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic n-6 eicosanoids, as well as production of less active n-3 eicosanoids. In addition, n-3 LC PUFA can suppress production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cartilage degradative enzymes.

Olga Sayanova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Transgenic plants as a sustainable, terrestrial source of Fish Oils.
    European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Johnathan A. Napier, Sarah Usher, Richard P. Haslam, Noemi Ruiz-lopez, Olga Sayanova
    Abstract:

    1An alternative, sustainable source of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is widely recognized as desirable, helping to reduce pressure on current sources (wild capture Fisheries) and providing a de novo source of these health beneficial fatty acids. This review will consider the efforts and progress to develop transgenic plants as terrestrial sources of omega-3 Fish Oils, focusing on recent developments and the possible explanations for advances in the field. We also consider the utility of such a source for use in aquaculture, since this industry is the major consumer of oceanic supplies of omega-3 Fish Oils. Given the importance of the aquaculture industry in meeting global requirements for healthy foodstuffs, an alternative source of omega-3 Fish Oils represents a potentially significant breakthrough for this production system. Transgenic Camelina seeds engineered to accumulate the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, represent a sustainable alternative to Fish Oils.

  • Transgenic Oilseed crops as an alternative to Fish Oils.
    Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA), 2011
    Co-Authors: Olga Sayanova, Johnathan A. Napier
    Abstract:

    Abstract Growing evidence suggests that omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5Δ5,8,11,14,17) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6Δ4,7,10,13,16,19) play critical roles in human health and development. VLC-PUFAs are mainly found in Fish, some fungi, marine bacteria and microalgae. Currently, the predominant dietary sources of VLC-PUFAs are marine Fish and seafood. However, the increasing demand for Fish and Fish Oils is putting enormous pressure on marine ecosystems leading to a depletion of Fish stocks while commercial cultivation of marine microorganisms and aquaculture are not sustainable and cannot compensate for the shortage in Fish supply. Therefore, there is an obvious requirement for an alternative and sustainable source for VLC-PUFAs. Over the last decade, many genes encoding the primary VLC-PUFAs biosynthetic activities became available providing a toolkit for the “reverse-engineering” of transgenic plants to produce Fish Oils. In this review, we will describe the recent advances in this field and the insights they give us into the complexities of metabolic engineering of oil-seed crops producing VLC-PUFAs.

Jesus Simalgandara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • optimization of purification processes to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs in polluted raw Fish Oils
    Science of The Total Environment, 2014
    Co-Authors: Iria Yebrapimentel, Elena Martinezcarballo, Ricardo Fernandezgonzalez, Jesus Simalgandara
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fish Oils are one of the main sources of health promoting nutrients such as n  − 3 fatty acids in animal and human diet. Nevertheless, they could be an important source of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Different strategies of decontamination processes to reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in Fish Oils, such as solvent extraction (ethanol) and adsorbent extraction using commercially available (activated carbon) and sustainable adsorbents (mussel shell and wood ashes), were compared. Adsorption conditions were evaluated and optimized by an experimental design and the experimental results were adjusted to response surfaces. In this way, PAH removals increased with increasing of individual PAH molecular weight and they range from 80% to 100% using activated carbon and from 10% to 100% using wood ashes. Pine wood ashes showed similar removal rates to activated carbon (87%–100%) excluding F (51%) and P (42%). No PAH removal was observed using mussel shell ashes. Ethanol extraction was also optimized and showed a good performance in the extraction of PAHs. However, it does affect their ω − 3 fatty acid contents. Finally, real oil samples from different Fishing areas: Spain, South America, and North Europe were selected for the decontamination experiments under experimental conditions previously optimized.

  • the potential of solvent minimized extraction methods in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Fish Oils
    Food Chemistry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Iria Yebrapimentel, Elena Martinezcarballo, Jorge Regueiro, Jesus Simalgandara
    Abstract:

    Abstract Fish oil has been identified as one of the most important contributors to the level of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in feed products. The determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Fish Oils is complicated due to the fat matrix, which affects both extraction efficiency and analytical quality. This article reviews and addresses two of the most relevant analytical methods for determining 11 mutagenic and carcinogenic PAHs, as well as two EPA indicator PAHs in Fish Oils. We discuss and critically evaluate two different extraction procedures, such as ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (USAE) and ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction (USAEME). Clean-up of extracts was performed by solid-phase extraction using C18 and glass columns containing silica gel and florisil for USAE or only C18 for USAEME. Detection of the selected PAHs was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection for determination. Optimization of the variables affecting extraction by the selected extraction techniques was conducted and recoveries ranged from 70% to 100% by USAE and from 70% to 108% by USAEME with estimated quantification limits between 0.020 and 2.6 μg/kg were achieved. Moreover, the applicability of the selected methods was evaluated by the analysis of real samples. To our knowledge, this is the first time that USAEME has been applied to the determination of PAHs in food matrices, such as oil Fish samples. The methods proposed were applied to the determination of the target PAHs in Fish samples from different countries, and it was found that the low PAH contamination of the selected Fish Oils could mainly occur by atmospheric sources.