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Mark Booth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microgeographical and tribal variations in water contact and schistosoma mansoni exposure within a ugandan Fishing Community
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2007Co-Authors: Angela Pinot De Moira, Narcis B Kabatereine, Francis Kazibwe, Anthony J C Fulford, John H Ouma, David W Dunne, Mark BoothAbstract:Objective To explore patterns of water contact and Schistosoma mansoni exposure by age, sex, tribe and space within a single village. Methods For 10 months, we systematically observed water contacts made by the 800 inhabitants of a small Ugandan Fishing village. In order to estimate cercarial exposure, times spent in water were weighted by snail infection levels, time of day and degree of immersion. Results There were marked differences in water contact patterns between the two main tribes, which inhabited geographically distinct ends of the village resulting in geographically distinct spatial patterns of water contact. The distributions of the intermediate hosts, Biomphalaria sudanica and Biomphalaria stanleyi, also appeared to differ over small distances. This led to quite different exposure patterns between the two tribes, particularly amongst females. Conclusions Schistosoma mansoni exposure can vary markedly within a single village. Such non-homogenous patterns of exposure are likely to have wider implications for schistosomiasis control programmes and research studies.
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cytokine production in whole blood cultures from a Fishing Community in an area of high endemicity for schistosoma mansoni in uganda the differential effect of parasite worm and egg antigens
Infection and Immunity, 2004Co-Authors: Sarah Joseph, Narcis B Kabatereine, J Kemijumbi, Frances M Jones, Gachuhi Kimani, Joseph K Mwatha, T Kamau, Francis Kazibwe, Mark Booth, H C KariukiAbstract:The human host is continuously exposed to the egg and the adult worm developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni during chronic infections with the parasite. To assess the cytokine responses induced by these different costimulating stages and how they are influenced by host age and infection intensity, whole blood samples from a cross-sectional cohort of 226 members of a Ugandan Fishing Community who had been resident in an area with high transmission of S. mansoni for the previous 10 years or from birth were stimulated with S. mansoni egg antigen (SEA) or worm antigen (SWA). SWA-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production increased with age, and the levels of SWA- and SEA-specific interleukin 3 (IL-3) were weakly correlated with schistosome infection intensity. The production of most cytokines was little affected by age or infection intensity but was either SEA or SWA specific. One hundred thirty-two members of the cohort coproduced IL-5 and IL-13 specifically in response to SWA, whereas only 15 produced these cytokines, and at much lower levels, in response to SEA. IL-10, IL-4, and IFN-gamma were also produced in response to SWA, whereas the response to SEA consisted almost exclusively of IL-10. Our results suggest that, in contrast to what has been described for the murine model of S. mansoni and during acute human infections, chronic intense exposure to and infection with S. mansoni in this cohort resulted in very low levels of response to SEA in vitro in the presence of a vigorous and mixed Th1-Th2 response to SWA.
Ronald H Gray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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design and implementation of a Community health worker hiv treatment and prevention intervention in an hiv hot spot Fishing Community in rakai uganda
Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, 2017Co-Authors: Amanda Long, Fred Nalugoda, Ronald H Gray, Ismail Mbabali, Heidi E Hutton, Alvin G Thomas, Eva Bugos, Jeremiah Mulamba, Kathy Rivet Amico, Maria J WawerAbstract:Innovative approaches are needed to increase engagement in HIV treatment and prevention services, particularly in HIV hot spots. Here, we detail our design, training approach, and early implementation experiences of a Community-based HIV intervention called “health scouts.” The intervention, utilizing a novel, theory-based approach, trained 10 Community residents in an HIV hot spot Fishing Community to use motivational interviewing strategies and a mobile phone–based counseling application. During the first 3 months, 771 residents (median 82/health scout, range 27-160) were counseled. A directly observed Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity scale–based evaluation found adequate performance (median score 20/25, range 11-23). The health scout intervention was feasible to implement in a high HIV-prevalence Fishing Community, and its impact on HIV care outcomes will be evaluated in an ongoing cluster randomized trial. If found to be effective, it may be an important strategy for responding to HIV in ...
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understanding the socio structural context of high hiv transmission in kasensero Fishing Community south western uganda
BMC Public Health, 2015Co-Authors: Muhamadi Lubega, Neema Nakyaanjo, Sumaya Nansubuga, Edgar Hiire, Godfrey Kigozi, Fred Nalugoda, Tom Lutalo, Gertrude Nakigozi, David Serwadda, Ronald H GrayAbstract:In Kasensero Fishing Community, home of the first recorded case of HIV in Uganda, HIV transmission remains high with an incidence of 4.3 and 3.1 per 100 person-years in women and men, respectively, and an HIV prevalence of 44 %, reaching up to 74 % among female sex workers. We explored the social contextual factors for the high HIV transmission at Kasensero to inform future policy and preventive interventions. We conducted 20 in-depth interviews, including both HIV positive and HIV negative respondents, and 12 focus-group discussions involving a total of 92 respondents from the Kasensero Fishing Community from April-September 2014. Content analysis was performed to identify recurrent themes. Our findings suggest that the high HIV transmission in Kasensero is a complex function of eight themes including; positive/negative attitudes about HIV and combination HIV prevention such as the demand for services versus ART/circumcision disinhibition; HIV depository; Multiple partners; Frequent unprotected sex; Clothing; Parental behaviors; Pressure within the sex industry; and Cross generational sex. The current combination HIV prevention services by the RHSP need to be enhanced with more government involvement including ensuring sustainable supply of ART and circumcision services since they are reportedly highly demanded. Community involvement through the engagement of popular peers could also help in the campaign to change the HIV predisposing culture, misconceptions and risky social norms of the population. Social Context HIV Transmission Fishing Community.
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risk denial and socio economic factors related to high hiv transmission in a Fishing Community in rakai uganda a qualitative study
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Muhamadi Lubega, Neema Nakyaanjo, Sumaya Nansubuga, Edgar Hiire, Godfrey Kigozi, Fred Nalugoda, Tom Lutalo, Gertrude Nakigozi, David Serwadda, Ronald H GrayAbstract:BACKGROUND: In Kasensero Fishing Community home of the first recorded case of HIV in Uganda HIV transmission is still very high with an incidence of 4.3 and 3.1 per 100 person-years in women and men respectively and an HIV prevalence of 44% reaching up to 74% among female sex workers. We explored drivers for the high HIV transmission at Kasensero from the perspective of fishermen and other Community members to inform future policy and preventive interventions. METHODS: 20 in-depth interviews including both HIV positive and HIV negative respondents and 12 focus-group discussions involving a total of 92 respondents from the Kasensero Fishing Community were conducted during April-September 2014. Content analysis was performed to identify recurrent themes. RESULTS: The socio-economic risk factors for high HIV transmission in Kasensero Fishing Community cited were multiple and cross-cutting and categorized into the following themes: power of money risk denial environmental triggers and a predisposing lifestyle and alcoholism and drug abuse. Others were: peer pressure poor housing and the search for financial support for both the men and women which made them vulnerable to HIV exposure and or risk behavior. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for context specific combination prevention interventions in Kasensero that includes the fisher folk and other influential Community leaders. Such groups could be empowered with the knowledge and social mobilization skills to fight the negative and risky behaviors perceptions beliefs misconceptions and submission attitudes to fate that exposes the Community to high HIV transmission. There is also need for government/partners to ensure effective policy implementation life jackets for all fishermen improve the poor housing at the Community so as to reduce overcrowding and other housing related predispositions to high HIV rates at the Community. Work place AIDS-competence teams have been successfully used to address high HIV transmission in similar settings.
Narcis B Kabatereine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The acceptability and safety of praziquantel alone and in combination with mebendazole in the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in children aged 1–4 years in Uganda
Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Harriet Namwanje, Narcis B Kabatereine, Annette OlsenAbstract:There is limited information on the acceptability and safety of praziquantel for treatment of schistosomiasis in children below the age of four years. In addition, although mebendazole has been extensively used together with praziquantel against infections with schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) in school-aged children, no specific acceptability or safety studies have been published on this drug combination in younger children. A randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the safety of praziquantel alone and in combination with mebendazole in the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni and STH in children aged 1 to 4 years. A total of 596 children from Bwondha Fishing Community in Mayuge district and Wang-Kado Fishing Community in Nebbi district were investigated using duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears of two stool samples and 130 (21·8%) were found infected with S. mansoni. Of these, 19·2% (25) had heavy intensity of infections. Of the infected children, 82 were included and randomised into praziquantel (40 mg/kg) + mebendazole (500 mg) or praziquantel (40 mg/kg) alone. Many symptoms were reported before treatment while very few were reported after treatment and all on treatment day. No serious adverse events were reported or observed after treatment. Praziquantel with or without mebendazole was well tolerated in small children in the study area.
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microgeographical and tribal variations in water contact and schistosoma mansoni exposure within a ugandan Fishing Community
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2007Co-Authors: Angela Pinot De Moira, Narcis B Kabatereine, Francis Kazibwe, Anthony J C Fulford, John H Ouma, David W Dunne, Mark BoothAbstract:Objective To explore patterns of water contact and Schistosoma mansoni exposure by age, sex, tribe and space within a single village. Methods For 10 months, we systematically observed water contacts made by the 800 inhabitants of a small Ugandan Fishing village. In order to estimate cercarial exposure, times spent in water were weighted by snail infection levels, time of day and degree of immersion. Results There were marked differences in water contact patterns between the two main tribes, which inhabited geographically distinct ends of the village resulting in geographically distinct spatial patterns of water contact. The distributions of the intermediate hosts, Biomphalaria sudanica and Biomphalaria stanleyi, also appeared to differ over small distances. This led to quite different exposure patterns between the two tribes, particularly amongst females. Conclusions Schistosoma mansoni exposure can vary markedly within a single village. Such non-homogenous patterns of exposure are likely to have wider implications for schistosomiasis control programmes and research studies.
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epidemiology and morbidity of schistosoma mansoni infection in a Fishing Community along lake albert in uganda
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2004Co-Authors: Narcis B Kabatereine, J Kemijumbi, J H Ouma, H C Kariuki, Joachim Richter, Hilda Kadzo, Henry Madsen, A E Butterworth, N Ornbjerg, B J VennervaldAbstract:Abstract Schistosoma mansoni infection, associated morbidity and symptoms were studied in Piida Fishing Community at Butiaba, along Lake Albert, Uganda, from November 1996 to January 1997. The study revealed that S. mansoni is highly endemic with an overall prevalence of 72%, a mean intensity of 419.4 eggs per gram (epg) faeces (geometric mean for positives only), with 37.8% of males and 33.0% of females excreting over 1000 epg. Prevalence and intensity peaked in the 10–14 year old age group and decreased with increasing age. Females were less heavily infected than males. Differences were also shown between tribes. Diarrhoea and abdominal pain were commonly reported in Piida. However, no clear-cut correlation between intensity of S. mansoni infection and these conditions could be demonstrated, indicating that retrospective questionnaires concerning S. mansoni related-symptomatology are of limited value. Organomegaly, as assessed by ultrasonography, was frequent and hepatomegaly was associated with heavy S. mansoni infection. No correlation was demonstrated between splenomegaly and infection. This study emphasizes that schistosomiasis mansoni is a major public health problem in Piida Fishing Community and presumably also in many similar Fishing communities. These observations call for immediate intervention and can help in planning long-term strategies for sustainable morbidity control.
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cytokine production in whole blood cultures from a Fishing Community in an area of high endemicity for schistosoma mansoni in uganda the differential effect of parasite worm and egg antigens
Infection and Immunity, 2004Co-Authors: Sarah Joseph, Narcis B Kabatereine, J Kemijumbi, Frances M Jones, Gachuhi Kimani, Joseph K Mwatha, T Kamau, Francis Kazibwe, Mark Booth, H C KariukiAbstract:The human host is continuously exposed to the egg and the adult worm developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni during chronic infections with the parasite. To assess the cytokine responses induced by these different costimulating stages and how they are influenced by host age and infection intensity, whole blood samples from a cross-sectional cohort of 226 members of a Ugandan Fishing Community who had been resident in an area with high transmission of S. mansoni for the previous 10 years or from birth were stimulated with S. mansoni egg antigen (SEA) or worm antigen (SWA). SWA-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production increased with age, and the levels of SWA- and SEA-specific interleukin 3 (IL-3) were weakly correlated with schistosome infection intensity. The production of most cytokines was little affected by age or infection intensity but was either SEA or SWA specific. One hundred thirty-two members of the cohort coproduced IL-5 and IL-13 specifically in response to SWA, whereas only 15 produced these cytokines, and at much lower levels, in response to SEA. IL-10, IL-4, and IFN-gamma were also produced in response to SWA, whereas the response to SEA consisted almost exclusively of IL-10. Our results suggest that, in contrast to what has been described for the murine model of S. mansoni and during acute human infections, chronic intense exposure to and infection with S. mansoni in this cohort resulted in very low levels of response to SEA in vitro in the presence of a vigorous and mixed Th1-Th2 response to SWA.
Francis Kazibwe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microgeographical and tribal variations in water contact and schistosoma mansoni exposure within a ugandan Fishing Community
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2007Co-Authors: Angela Pinot De Moira, Narcis B Kabatereine, Francis Kazibwe, Anthony J C Fulford, John H Ouma, David W Dunne, Mark BoothAbstract:Objective To explore patterns of water contact and Schistosoma mansoni exposure by age, sex, tribe and space within a single village. Methods For 10 months, we systematically observed water contacts made by the 800 inhabitants of a small Ugandan Fishing village. In order to estimate cercarial exposure, times spent in water were weighted by snail infection levels, time of day and degree of immersion. Results There were marked differences in water contact patterns between the two main tribes, which inhabited geographically distinct ends of the village resulting in geographically distinct spatial patterns of water contact. The distributions of the intermediate hosts, Biomphalaria sudanica and Biomphalaria stanleyi, also appeared to differ over small distances. This led to quite different exposure patterns between the two tribes, particularly amongst females. Conclusions Schistosoma mansoni exposure can vary markedly within a single village. Such non-homogenous patterns of exposure are likely to have wider implications for schistosomiasis control programmes and research studies.
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cytokine production in whole blood cultures from a Fishing Community in an area of high endemicity for schistosoma mansoni in uganda the differential effect of parasite worm and egg antigens
Infection and Immunity, 2004Co-Authors: Sarah Joseph, Narcis B Kabatereine, J Kemijumbi, Frances M Jones, Gachuhi Kimani, Joseph K Mwatha, T Kamau, Francis Kazibwe, Mark Booth, H C KariukiAbstract:The human host is continuously exposed to the egg and the adult worm developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni during chronic infections with the parasite. To assess the cytokine responses induced by these different costimulating stages and how they are influenced by host age and infection intensity, whole blood samples from a cross-sectional cohort of 226 members of a Ugandan Fishing Community who had been resident in an area with high transmission of S. mansoni for the previous 10 years or from birth were stimulated with S. mansoni egg antigen (SEA) or worm antigen (SWA). SWA-specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production increased with age, and the levels of SWA- and SEA-specific interleukin 3 (IL-3) were weakly correlated with schistosome infection intensity. The production of most cytokines was little affected by age or infection intensity but was either SEA or SWA specific. One hundred thirty-two members of the cohort coproduced IL-5 and IL-13 specifically in response to SWA, whereas only 15 produced these cytokines, and at much lower levels, in response to SEA. IL-10, IL-4, and IFN-gamma were also produced in response to SWA, whereas the response to SEA consisted almost exclusively of IL-10. Our results suggest that, in contrast to what has been described for the murine model of S. mansoni and during acute human infections, chronic intense exposure to and infection with S. mansoni in this cohort resulted in very low levels of response to SEA in vitro in the presence of a vigorous and mixed Th1-Th2 response to SWA.
Anthony J C Fulford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microgeographical and tribal variations in water contact and schistosoma mansoni exposure within a ugandan Fishing Community
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2007Co-Authors: Angela Pinot De Moira, Narcis B Kabatereine, Francis Kazibwe, Anthony J C Fulford, John H Ouma, David W Dunne, Mark BoothAbstract:Objective To explore patterns of water contact and Schistosoma mansoni exposure by age, sex, tribe and space within a single village. Methods For 10 months, we systematically observed water contacts made by the 800 inhabitants of a small Ugandan Fishing village. In order to estimate cercarial exposure, times spent in water were weighted by snail infection levels, time of day and degree of immersion. Results There were marked differences in water contact patterns between the two main tribes, which inhabited geographically distinct ends of the village resulting in geographically distinct spatial patterns of water contact. The distributions of the intermediate hosts, Biomphalaria sudanica and Biomphalaria stanleyi, also appeared to differ over small distances. This led to quite different exposure patterns between the two tribes, particularly amongst females. Conclusions Schistosoma mansoni exposure can vary markedly within a single village. Such non-homogenous patterns of exposure are likely to have wider implications for schistosomiasis control programmes and research studies.