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Harin Sellahewa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of user age on smartphone and tablet use measured with an eye tracker via Fixation Duration scan path Duration and saccades proportion
    International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, 2014
    Co-Authors: Suleyman Alshowarah, Naseer Aljawad, Harin Sellahewa
    Abstract:

    The design of user interfaces plays an important role in human computer interaction, especially for smartphones and tablet devices. It is very important to consider the interface design of smartphones for elderly people in order for them to benefit from the variety applications on such devices. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of user age as well as screen size on smartphone/tablet use. We evaluated the usability of smartphone interfaces for three different age groups: elderly age group (60+ years), middle age group (40-59 years) and younger age group (20-39 years). The evaluation is performed using three different screen sizes of smartphone and tablet devices: 3.2”, 7”, and 10.1” respectively. An eye-tracker device was employed to obtain three metrics: Fixation Duration, scan-path Duration, and saccades amplitude. Two hypothesis were considered. First, elderly users will have both local and global processing diffieculties on smartphone/tablet use than other age groups. Second, all user age groups will be influnced by screen sizes; small screen size will have smaller saccades proportion indicating uneasy interface broswing compared to large screen size. All these results have been statistically evaluated using 2-way ANOVA.

  • HCI (5) - Effects of User Age on Smartphone and Tablet Use, Measured with an Eye-Tracker via Fixation Duration, Scan-Path Duration, and Saccades Proportion
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Suleyman Al-showarah, Naseer Al-jawad, Harin Sellahewa
    Abstract:

    The design of user interfaces plays an important role in human computer interaction, especially for smartphones and tablet devices. It is very important to consider the interface design of smartphones for elderly people in order for them to benefit from the variety applications on such devices. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of user age as well as screen size on smartphone/tablet use. We evaluated the usability of smartphone interfaces for three different age groups: elderly age group (60+ years), middle age group (40-59 years) and younger age group (20-39 years). The evaluation is performed using three different screen sizes of smartphone and tablet devices: 3.2”, 7”, and 10.1” respectively. An eye-tracker device was employed to obtain three metrics: Fixation Duration, scan-path Duration, and saccades amplitude. Two hypothesis were considered. First, elderly users will have both local and global processing diffieculties on smartphone/tablet use than other age groups. Second, all user age groups will be influnced by screen sizes; small screen size will have smaller saccades proportion indicating uneasy interface broswing compared to large screen size. All these results have been statistically evaluated using 2-way ANOVA.

Suleyman Al-showarah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • HCI (5) - Effects of User Age on Smartphone and Tablet Use, Measured with an Eye-Tracker via Fixation Duration, Scan-Path Duration, and Saccades Proportion
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Suleyman Al-showarah, Naseer Al-jawad, Harin Sellahewa
    Abstract:

    The design of user interfaces plays an important role in human computer interaction, especially for smartphones and tablet devices. It is very important to consider the interface design of smartphones for elderly people in order for them to benefit from the variety applications on such devices. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of user age as well as screen size on smartphone/tablet use. We evaluated the usability of smartphone interfaces for three different age groups: elderly age group (60+ years), middle age group (40-59 years) and younger age group (20-39 years). The evaluation is performed using three different screen sizes of smartphone and tablet devices: 3.2”, 7”, and 10.1” respectively. An eye-tracker device was employed to obtain three metrics: Fixation Duration, scan-path Duration, and saccades amplitude. Two hypothesis were considered. First, elderly users will have both local and global processing diffieculties on smartphone/tablet use than other age groups. Second, all user age groups will be influnced by screen sizes; small screen size will have smaller saccades proportion indicating uneasy interface broswing compared to large screen size. All these results have been statistically evaluated using 2-way ANOVA.

John M. Henderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Neural correlates of individual differences in Fixation Duration during natural reading.
    Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006), 2017
    Co-Authors: John M. Henderson, Wonil Choi, Steven G. Luke, Joseph Schmidt
    Abstract:

    AbstractReading requires integration of language and cognitive processes with attention and eye movement control. Individuals differ in their reading ability, but little is known about the neurocognitive processes associated with these individual differences. To investigate this issue, we combined eyetracking and fMRI, simultaneously recording eye movements and BOLD activity while subjects read text passages. We found that the variability and skew of Fixation Duration distributions across individuals, as assessed by ex-Gaussian analyses, decreased with increasing neural activity in regions associated with the cortical eye movement control network (Left FEF, Left IPS, Left IFG, and Right IFG). The results suggest that individual differences in Fixation Duration during reading are related to underlying neurocognitive processes associated with the eye movement control system and its relationship to language processing. The results also show that eye movements and fMRI can be combined to investigate the neura...

  • Neural correlates of Fixation Duration in natural reading: Evidence from Fixation-related fMRI.
    NeuroImage, 2015
    Co-Authors: John M. Henderson, Wonil Choi, Steven G. Luke, Rutvik H. Desai
    Abstract:

    A key assumption of current theories of natural reading is that Fixation Duration reflects underlying attentional, language, and cognitive processes associated with text comprehension. The neurocognitive correlates of this relationship are currently unknown. To investigate this relationship, we compared neural activation associated with Fixation Duration in passage reading and a pseudo-reading control condition. The results showed that Fixation Duration was associated with activation in oculomotor and language areas during text reading. Fixation Duration during pseudo-reading, on the other hand, showed greater involvement of frontal control regions, suggesting flexibility and task dependency of the eye movement network. Consistent with current models, these results provide support for the hypothesis that Fixation Duration in reading reflects attentional engagement and language processing. The results also demonstrate that Fixation-related fMRI provides a method for investigating the neurocognitive bases of natural reading.

  • Neural correlates of Fixation Duration during real-world scene viewing: Evidence from Fixation-related fire fmri
    Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 2014
    Co-Authors: John M. Henderson, Wonil Choi
    Abstract:

    During active scene perception, our eyes move from one location to another via saccadic eye movements, with the eyes fixating objects and scene elements for varying amounts of time. Much of the variability in Fixation Duration is accounted for by attentional, perceptual, and cognitive processes associated with scene analysis and comprehension. For this reason, current theories of active scene viewing attempt to account for the influence of attention and cognition on Fixation Duration. Yet almost nothing is known about the neurocognitive systems associated with variation in Fixation Duration during scene viewing. We addressed this topic using Fixation-related fMRI, which involves coregistering high-resolution eye tracking and magnetic resonance scanning to conduct event-related fMRI analysis based on characteristics of eye movements. We observed that activation in visual and prefrontal executive control areas was positively correlated with Fixation Duration, whereas activation in ventral areas associated with scene encoding and medial superior frontal and paracentral regions associated with changing action plans was negatively correlated with Fixation Duration. The results suggest that Fixation Duration in scene viewing is controlled by cognitive processes associated with real-time scene analysis interacting with motor planning, consistent with current computational models of active vision for scene perception.

  • Morphology of primary visual cortex predicts individual differences in Fixation Duration during text reading
    Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 2014
    Co-Authors: John M. Henderson, Wonil Choi, Steven G. Luke
    Abstract:

    In skilled reading, Fixations are brief periods of time in which the eyes settle on words. E-Z Reader, a computational model of dynamic reading, posits that Fixation Durations are under real-time control of lexical processing. Lexical processing, in turn, requires efficient visual encoding. Here we tested the hypothesis that individual differences in Fixation Durations are related to individual differences in the efficiency of early visual encoding. To test this hypothesis, we recorded participants' eye movements during reading. We then examined individual differences in Fixation Duration distributions as a function of individual differences in the morphology of primary visual cortex measured from MRI scans. The results showed that greater gray matter surface area and volume in visual cortex predicted shorter and less variable Fixation Durations in reading. These results suggest that individual differences in eye movements during skilled reading are related to initial visual encoding, consistent with models such as E-Z Reader that emphasize lexical control over Fixation time.

Noriyuki Matsuda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • scan path analysis by the string edit method considering Fixation Duration
    Soft Computing, 2012
    Co-Authors: Haruhiko Takeuchi, Noriyuki Matsuda
    Abstract:

    Dynamic aspects of eye-tracking data are important but difficult to analyze. With string based approaches, a sequence of Fixations is analyzed, however, Fixation Duration is not addressed. Cristino et al. recently proposed to re-code a scan-path with a long Fixation by repeating the code. The modified scan path includes both Fixation Duration and sequence of Fixations. In studying multiple records by the string-edit method enhanced with cost functions, we compared the performance of the modified coding against the ordinary one. Furthermore, we derived representative scan paths to examine the distance among the web pages used as stimuli. The usefulness of our approach is demonstrated.

  • SCIS&ISIS - Scan-path analysis by the string-edit method considering Fixation Duration
    The 6th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and The 13th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligence Systems, 2012
    Co-Authors: Haruhiko Takeuchi, Noriyuki Matsuda
    Abstract:

    Dynamic aspects of eye-tracking data are important but difficult to analyze. With string based approaches, a sequence of Fixations is analyzed, however, Fixation Duration is not addressed. Cristino et al. recently proposed to re-code a scan-path with a long Fixation by repeating the code. The modified scan path includes both Fixation Duration and sequence of Fixations. In studying multiple records by the string-edit method enhanced with cost functions, we compared the performance of the modified coding against the ordinary one. Furthermore, we derived representative scan paths to examine the distance among the web pages used as stimuli. The usefulness of our approach is demonstrated.

Wonil Choi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Neural correlates of individual differences in Fixation Duration during natural reading.
    Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006), 2017
    Co-Authors: John M. Henderson, Wonil Choi, Steven G. Luke, Joseph Schmidt
    Abstract:

    AbstractReading requires integration of language and cognitive processes with attention and eye movement control. Individuals differ in their reading ability, but little is known about the neurocognitive processes associated with these individual differences. To investigate this issue, we combined eyetracking and fMRI, simultaneously recording eye movements and BOLD activity while subjects read text passages. We found that the variability and skew of Fixation Duration distributions across individuals, as assessed by ex-Gaussian analyses, decreased with increasing neural activity in regions associated with the cortical eye movement control network (Left FEF, Left IPS, Left IFG, and Right IFG). The results suggest that individual differences in Fixation Duration during reading are related to underlying neurocognitive processes associated with the eye movement control system and its relationship to language processing. The results also show that eye movements and fMRI can be combined to investigate the neura...

  • Neural correlates of Fixation Duration in natural reading: Evidence from Fixation-related fMRI.
    NeuroImage, 2015
    Co-Authors: John M. Henderson, Wonil Choi, Steven G. Luke, Rutvik H. Desai
    Abstract:

    A key assumption of current theories of natural reading is that Fixation Duration reflects underlying attentional, language, and cognitive processes associated with text comprehension. The neurocognitive correlates of this relationship are currently unknown. To investigate this relationship, we compared neural activation associated with Fixation Duration in passage reading and a pseudo-reading control condition. The results showed that Fixation Duration was associated with activation in oculomotor and language areas during text reading. Fixation Duration during pseudo-reading, on the other hand, showed greater involvement of frontal control regions, suggesting flexibility and task dependency of the eye movement network. Consistent with current models, these results provide support for the hypothesis that Fixation Duration in reading reflects attentional engagement and language processing. The results also demonstrate that Fixation-related fMRI provides a method for investigating the neurocognitive bases of natural reading.

  • Neural correlates of Fixation Duration during real-world scene viewing: Evidence from Fixation-related fire fmri
    Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 2014
    Co-Authors: John M. Henderson, Wonil Choi
    Abstract:

    During active scene perception, our eyes move from one location to another via saccadic eye movements, with the eyes fixating objects and scene elements for varying amounts of time. Much of the variability in Fixation Duration is accounted for by attentional, perceptual, and cognitive processes associated with scene analysis and comprehension. For this reason, current theories of active scene viewing attempt to account for the influence of attention and cognition on Fixation Duration. Yet almost nothing is known about the neurocognitive systems associated with variation in Fixation Duration during scene viewing. We addressed this topic using Fixation-related fMRI, which involves coregistering high-resolution eye tracking and magnetic resonance scanning to conduct event-related fMRI analysis based on characteristics of eye movements. We observed that activation in visual and prefrontal executive control areas was positively correlated with Fixation Duration, whereas activation in ventral areas associated with scene encoding and medial superior frontal and paracentral regions associated with changing action plans was negatively correlated with Fixation Duration. The results suggest that Fixation Duration in scene viewing is controlled by cognitive processes associated with real-time scene analysis interacting with motor planning, consistent with current computational models of active vision for scene perception.

  • Morphology of primary visual cortex predicts individual differences in Fixation Duration during text reading
    Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 2014
    Co-Authors: John M. Henderson, Wonil Choi, Steven G. Luke
    Abstract:

    In skilled reading, Fixations are brief periods of time in which the eyes settle on words. E-Z Reader, a computational model of dynamic reading, posits that Fixation Durations are under real-time control of lexical processing. Lexical processing, in turn, requires efficient visual encoding. Here we tested the hypothesis that individual differences in Fixation Durations are related to individual differences in the efficiency of early visual encoding. To test this hypothesis, we recorded participants' eye movements during reading. We then examined individual differences in Fixation Duration distributions as a function of individual differences in the morphology of primary visual cortex measured from MRI scans. The results showed that greater gray matter surface area and volume in visual cortex predicted shorter and less variable Fixation Durations in reading. These results suggest that individual differences in eye movements during skilled reading are related to initial visual encoding, consistent with models such as E-Z Reader that emphasize lexical control over Fixation time.