The Experts below are selected from a list of 18027 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Markus Kiefer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Time course of brain activity during the processing of motor- and vision-related abstract concepts: flexibility and Task Dependency
Psychological Research, 2020Co-Authors: Marcel Harpaintner, Natalie M. Trumpp, Markus KieferAbstract:Grounded cognition theories assume that conceptual processing depends on modality-specific brain systems in a context-dependent fashion. Although the relation of abstract concepts to modality-specific systems is less obvious than for concrete concepts, recent behavioral and neuroimaging studies indicated a foundation of abstract concepts in vision and action. However, due to their poor temporal resolution, neuroimaging studies cannot determine whether sensorimotor activity reflects rapid access to conceptual information or later conceptual processes. The present study therefore assessed the time course of abstract concept processing using event-related potentials (ERPs) and compared ERP responses to abstract concepts with a strong relation to vision or action. We tested whether possible ERP effects to abstract word categories would emerge in early or in later time windows and whether these effects would depend on the depth of the conceptual Task. In Experiment 1 , a shallow lexical decision Task, early feature-specific effects starting at 178 ms were revealed, but later effects beyond 300 ms were also observed. In Experiment 2 , a deep conceptual decision Task, feature-specific effects with an onset of 22 ms were obtained, but effects again extended beyond 300 ms. In congruency with earlier neuroimaging work, the present feature-specific ERP effects suggest a grounding of abstract concepts in modal brain systems. The presence of early and late feature-specific effects indicates that sensorimotor activity observed in neuroimaging experiments may reflect both rapid conceptual and later post-conceptual processing. Results furthermore suggest that a deep conceptual Task accelerates access to conceptual sensorimotor features, thereby demonstrating conceptual flexibility.
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Time course of brain activity during the processing of motor- and vision-related abstract concepts: flexibility and Task Dependency
Psychological Research, 2020Co-Authors: Marcel Harpaintner, Natalie M. Trumpp, Markus KieferAbstract:Grounded cognition theories assume that conceptual processing depends on modality-specific brain systems in a context-dependent fashion. Although the relation of abstract concepts to modality-specific systems is less obvious than for concrete concepts, recent behavioral and neuroimaging studies indicated a foundation of abstract concepts in vision and action. However, due to their poor temporal resolution, neuroimaging studies cannot determine whether sensorimotor activity reflects rapid access to conceptual information or later conceptual processes. The present study therefore assessed the time course of abstract concept processing using event-related potentials (ERPs) and compared ERP responses to abstract concepts with a strong relation to vision or action. We tested whether possible ERP effects to abstract word categories would emerge in early or in later time windows and whether these effects would depend on the depth of the conceptual Task. In Experiment 1 , a shallow lexical decision Task, early feature-specific effects starting at 178 ms were revealed, but later effects beyond 300 ms were also observed. In Experiment 2 , a deep conceptual decision Task, feature-specific effects with an onset of 22 ms were obtained, but effects again extended beyond 300 ms. In congruency with earlier neuroimaging work, the present feature-specific ERP effects suggest a grounding of abstract concepts in modal brain systems. The presence of early and late feature-specific effects indicates that sensorimotor activity observed in neuroimaging experiments may reflect both rapid conceptual and later post-conceptual processing. Results furthermore suggest that a deep conceptual Task accelerates access to conceptual sensorimotor features, thereby demonstrating conceptual flexibility.
Jason Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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haste hadoop yarn scheduling based on Task Dependency and resource demand
International Conference on Cloud Computing, 2014Co-Authors: Yi Yao, Jiayin Wang, Bo Sheng, Jason LinAbstract:The MapReduce framework has become the de facto scheme for scalable semi-structured and un-structured data processing in recent years. The Hadoop ecosystem has evolved into its second generation, Hadoop YARN, which adopts finegrained resource management schemes for job scheduling. One of the primary performance concerns in YARN is how to minimize the total completion length, i.e., makespan, of a set of MapReduce jobs. However, the precedence constraint or fairness constraint in current widely used scheduling policies in YARN, such as FIFO and Fair, can both lead to inefficient resource allocation in the Hadoop YARN cluster. They also omit the Dependency between Tasks which is crucial for the efficiency of resource utilization. We thus propose a new YARN scheduler, named HaSTE, which can effectively reduce the makespan of MapReduce jobs in YARN by leveraging the information of requested resources, resource capacities, and Dependency between Tasks. We implemented HaSTE as a pluggable scheduler in the most recent version of Hadoop YARN, and evaluated it with classic MapReduce benchmarks. The experimental results demonstrate that our YARN scheduler effectively reduces the makespans and improves resource utilization compare to the current scheduling policies.
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IEEE CLOUD - HaSTE: Hadoop YARN Scheduling Based on Task-Dependency and Resource-Demand
2014 IEEE 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing, 2014Co-Authors: Yi Yao, Jiayin Wang, Bo Sheng, Jason LinAbstract:The MapReduce framework has become the de facto scheme for scalable semi-structured and un-structured data processing in recent years. The Hadoop ecosystem has evolved into its second generation, Hadoop YARN, which adopts finegrained resource management schemes for job scheduling. One of the primary performance concerns in YARN is how to minimize the total completion length, i.e., makespan, of a set of MapReduce jobs. However, the precedence constraint or fairness constraint in current widely used scheduling policies in YARN, such as FIFO and Fair, can both lead to inefficient resource allocation in the Hadoop YARN cluster. They also omit the Dependency between Tasks which is crucial for the efficiency of resource utilization. We thus propose a new YARN scheduler, named HaSTE, which can effectively reduce the makespan of MapReduce jobs in YARN by leveraging the information of requested resources, resource capacities, and Dependency between Tasks. We implemented HaSTE as a pluggable scheduler in the most recent version of Hadoop YARN, and evaluated it with classic MapReduce benchmarks. The experimental results demonstrate that our YARN scheduler effectively reduces the makespans and improves resource utilization compare to the current scheduling policies.
Aiko Kido - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neural control of rhythmic cyclical human arm movement Task Dependency nerve specificity and phase modulation of cutaneous reflexes
The Journal of Physiology, 2001Co-Authors: Paul E Zehr, Aiko KidoAbstract:While the organization and patterns of modulation of cutaneous reflexes have been shown to be quite similar when comparing the fore- and hindlimbs in the cat (Drew & Rossignol, 1987), very little study of cutaneous reflexes during human upper limb rhythmic movement has been made. An important feature of cutaneous reflex control seen in the human lower limb during locomotion is Task Dependency. Task Dependency refers to the changes in amplitude and sign of a reflex that can be observed when sampling in different motor Tasks. For example in leg muscles, Task Dependency of cutaneous reflexes has been shown at similar EMG levels in standing vs. walking (Komiyama et al. 2000), standing vs. running (Duysens et al. 1993), cycling vs. static contraction (Zehr et al. 2001) and stable vs. unstable standing (Burke et al. 1991). The main observation from these experiments is that cutaneous reflexes in leg muscles are very sensitive to the specific motor Task that is performed and that rhythmic movements, as compared to static contractions, have distinctly different reflex patterns. The extent to which cutaneous reflexes in the upper limb also display features of Task Dependency between static and rhythmic muscle activation is unclear. Another feature of cutaneous reflexes in the lower limb is nerve specificity (also ‘location specificity’; Van Wezel et al. 1997). Nerve specificity refers to the observation that reflexes of different sign and in different muscles can be evoked after stimulation of cutaneous nerves innervating different areas of the human foot (Zehr et al. 1997, 1998; Van Wezel et al. 1997). That is, nerve specificity represents the functional outcome of different reflex connections from different cutaneous nerves onto the same muscles. These different reflexes have corresponding kinematic effects and have been interpreted to be due to the specific roles of tactile feedback coming from different areas on the skin of the foot while walking (see Zehr & Stein, 1999, for review). We recently observed that the pattern of cutaneous reflexes evoked by stimulation of the superficial radial nerve (Zehr & Chua, 2000) during rhythmic arm movement shared some features with the pattern of reflex modulation seen after stimulation of the lower limb analogue of the superficial radial nerve, the superficial peroneal nerve (Zehr et al. 1997). The main result from this study was that cutaneous reflexes in some muscles of the upper and lower arm behave differently from what has been shown in the lower limb. Cutaneous reflexes in some muscles studied were linearly related to the background movement-related EMG (Zehr & Chua, 2000) in contrast to the pattern seen in the human lower limb during a rhythmic movement such as walking (Van Wezel et al. 1997; Komiyama et al. 2000). Some muscles, such as posterior deltoid, biceps brachii and flexor carpi ulnaris, did show phase-dependent modulation such as seen in the lower limb (Zehr & Chua, 2000). The extent to which phase-dependent modulation might be observed in other muscles or after stimulation of other nerves is at present unknown. Our working hypothesis in these and previous experiments (Zehr & Chua, 2000) has been that the mechanism and observed patterns of reflex modulation are conserved between the human lumbar and cervical spinal cords. If this is the case, control mechanisms and resultant reflex modulation patterns should be similar between the human upper and lower limbs during rhythmic movement. Thus, we hypothesized that Task Dependency and nerve specificity would be seen when cutaneous reflexes were evoked from three distinct skin areas of the human hand during rhythmic arm movement.
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Neural control of rhythmic, cyclical human arm movement: Task Dependency, nerve specificity and phase modulation of cutaneous reflexes.
The Journal of physiology, 2001Co-Authors: E P Zehr, Aiko KidoAbstract:1. The organization and pattern of cutaneous reflex modulation during rhythmic cyclical movements of the human upper limbs has received much less attention than that afforded the lower limb. Our working hypothesis is that control mechanisms underlying the modulation of cutaneous reflex amplitude during rhythmic arm movement are similar to those that control reflex modulation in the leg. Thus, we hypothesized that cutaneous reflexes would show Task Dependency and nerve specificity in the upper limb during rhythmic cyclical arm movement as has been demonstrated in the human lower limb. 2. EMG was recorded from 10 muscles crossing the human shoulder, elbow and wrist joints while bilateral whole arm rhythmic cyclical movements were performed on a custom-made, hydraulic apparatus. 3. Cutaneous reflexes were evoked with trains (5 x 1.0 ms pulses at 300 Hz) of electrical stimulation delivered at non-noxious intensities (approximately 2 x threshold for radiating parasthesia) to the superficial radial, median and ulnar nerves innervating the hand. 4. Cutaneous reflexes were typically modulated with the movement cycle (i.e. phase Dependency was observed). There was evidence for nerve specificity of cutaneous reflexes during rhythmic movement of the upper limbs. Task-dependent modulation was also seen as cutaneous reflexes were of larger amplitude or inhibitory (reflex reversal) during arm cycling as compared to static contraction. 5. While there are some differences in the patterns of cutaneous reflex modulation seen between the arms and legs, it is concluded that cutaneous reflexes are modulated similarly in the upper and lower limbs implicating similar motor control mechanisms.
Marcel Harpaintner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Time course of brain activity during the processing of motor- and vision-related abstract concepts: flexibility and Task Dependency
Psychological Research, 2020Co-Authors: Marcel Harpaintner, Natalie M. Trumpp, Markus KieferAbstract:Grounded cognition theories assume that conceptual processing depends on modality-specific brain systems in a context-dependent fashion. Although the relation of abstract concepts to modality-specific systems is less obvious than for concrete concepts, recent behavioral and neuroimaging studies indicated a foundation of abstract concepts in vision and action. However, due to their poor temporal resolution, neuroimaging studies cannot determine whether sensorimotor activity reflects rapid access to conceptual information or later conceptual processes. The present study therefore assessed the time course of abstract concept processing using event-related potentials (ERPs) and compared ERP responses to abstract concepts with a strong relation to vision or action. We tested whether possible ERP effects to abstract word categories would emerge in early or in later time windows and whether these effects would depend on the depth of the conceptual Task. In Experiment 1 , a shallow lexical decision Task, early feature-specific effects starting at 178 ms were revealed, but later effects beyond 300 ms were also observed. In Experiment 2 , a deep conceptual decision Task, feature-specific effects with an onset of 22 ms were obtained, but effects again extended beyond 300 ms. In congruency with earlier neuroimaging work, the present feature-specific ERP effects suggest a grounding of abstract concepts in modal brain systems. The presence of early and late feature-specific effects indicates that sensorimotor activity observed in neuroimaging experiments may reflect both rapid conceptual and later post-conceptual processing. Results furthermore suggest that a deep conceptual Task accelerates access to conceptual sensorimotor features, thereby demonstrating conceptual flexibility.
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Time course of brain activity during the processing of motor- and vision-related abstract concepts: flexibility and Task Dependency
Psychological Research, 2020Co-Authors: Marcel Harpaintner, Natalie M. Trumpp, Markus KieferAbstract:Grounded cognition theories assume that conceptual processing depends on modality-specific brain systems in a context-dependent fashion. Although the relation of abstract concepts to modality-specific systems is less obvious than for concrete concepts, recent behavioral and neuroimaging studies indicated a foundation of abstract concepts in vision and action. However, due to their poor temporal resolution, neuroimaging studies cannot determine whether sensorimotor activity reflects rapid access to conceptual information or later conceptual processes. The present study therefore assessed the time course of abstract concept processing using event-related potentials (ERPs) and compared ERP responses to abstract concepts with a strong relation to vision or action. We tested whether possible ERP effects to abstract word categories would emerge in early or in later time windows and whether these effects would depend on the depth of the conceptual Task. In Experiment 1 , a shallow lexical decision Task, early feature-specific effects starting at 178 ms were revealed, but later effects beyond 300 ms were also observed. In Experiment 2 , a deep conceptual decision Task, feature-specific effects with an onset of 22 ms were obtained, but effects again extended beyond 300 ms. In congruency with earlier neuroimaging work, the present feature-specific ERP effects suggest a grounding of abstract concepts in modal brain systems. The presence of early and late feature-specific effects indicates that sensorimotor activity observed in neuroimaging experiments may reflect both rapid conceptual and later post-conceptual processing. Results furthermore suggest that a deep conceptual Task accelerates access to conceptual sensorimotor features, thereby demonstrating conceptual flexibility.
Yi Yao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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haste hadoop yarn scheduling based on Task Dependency and resource demand
International Conference on Cloud Computing, 2014Co-Authors: Yi Yao, Jiayin Wang, Bo Sheng, Jason LinAbstract:The MapReduce framework has become the de facto scheme for scalable semi-structured and un-structured data processing in recent years. The Hadoop ecosystem has evolved into its second generation, Hadoop YARN, which adopts finegrained resource management schemes for job scheduling. One of the primary performance concerns in YARN is how to minimize the total completion length, i.e., makespan, of a set of MapReduce jobs. However, the precedence constraint or fairness constraint in current widely used scheduling policies in YARN, such as FIFO and Fair, can both lead to inefficient resource allocation in the Hadoop YARN cluster. They also omit the Dependency between Tasks which is crucial for the efficiency of resource utilization. We thus propose a new YARN scheduler, named HaSTE, which can effectively reduce the makespan of MapReduce jobs in YARN by leveraging the information of requested resources, resource capacities, and Dependency between Tasks. We implemented HaSTE as a pluggable scheduler in the most recent version of Hadoop YARN, and evaluated it with classic MapReduce benchmarks. The experimental results demonstrate that our YARN scheduler effectively reduces the makespans and improves resource utilization compare to the current scheduling policies.
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IEEE CLOUD - HaSTE: Hadoop YARN Scheduling Based on Task-Dependency and Resource-Demand
2014 IEEE 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing, 2014Co-Authors: Yi Yao, Jiayin Wang, Bo Sheng, Jason LinAbstract:The MapReduce framework has become the de facto scheme for scalable semi-structured and un-structured data processing in recent years. The Hadoop ecosystem has evolved into its second generation, Hadoop YARN, which adopts finegrained resource management schemes for job scheduling. One of the primary performance concerns in YARN is how to minimize the total completion length, i.e., makespan, of a set of MapReduce jobs. However, the precedence constraint or fairness constraint in current widely used scheduling policies in YARN, such as FIFO and Fair, can both lead to inefficient resource allocation in the Hadoop YARN cluster. They also omit the Dependency between Tasks which is crucial for the efficiency of resource utilization. We thus propose a new YARN scheduler, named HaSTE, which can effectively reduce the makespan of MapReduce jobs in YARN by leveraging the information of requested resources, resource capacities, and Dependency between Tasks. We implemented HaSTE as a pluggable scheduler in the most recent version of Hadoop YARN, and evaluated it with classic MapReduce benchmarks. The experimental results demonstrate that our YARN scheduler effectively reduces the makespans and improves resource utilization compare to the current scheduling policies.
