The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael Jerry Antal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biomass pyrolysis in sealed vessels Fixed Carbon yields from avicel cellulose that realize the theoretical limit
Energy & Fuels, 2016Co-Authors: Sam Van Wesenbeeck, Liang Wang, Charissa Higashi, Maider Legarra, Michael Jerry AntalAbstract:In agreement with prior experimental work, thermodynamics predicts differences in the outcome of biomass pyrolysis conducted in sealed, constant-volume systems as opposed to constant-pressure systems. In particular, much higher values of the Fixed-Carbon yield can be expected in constant-volume systems. Avicel cellulose is known to give very low char and Fixed-Carbon yields; thus, char and Fixed-Carbon yields from cellulose have been given primary attention in this work. Our tubing bomb results reveal (i) Fixed-Carbon yields that realize the theoretical “limiting” values when the vessel is pre-pressurized to a modest pressure with N2 gas, and (ii) a gas product composed of steam (water) and CO2, with traces of CO and virtually no tars. Above a small range of modest temperatures and pressures, the char endures a molten phase and becomes a hard coke. The ash content of the char/coke reflects the composition of the glass wool and kao wool materials used to hold the Avicel powder in place.
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is elevated pressure required to achieve a high Fixed Carbon yield of charcoal from biomass part 2 the importance of particle size
Energy & Fuels, 2013Co-Authors: Liang Wang, Oyvind Skreiberg, Morten Gronli, Gregory Patrick Specht, Michael Jerry AntalAbstract:The prosperity of Silicon Valley is built upon a foundation of wood charcoal that is the preferred reductant for the manufacture of pure silicon from quartz. Because ordinary pyrolysis processes offer low yields of charcoal from wood, the production of silicon makes heavy demands on the forest resource. The goal of this paper is to identify process conditions that improve the yield of charcoal from wood. To realize this goal, we first calculate the theoretical Fixed-Carbon yield of charcoal by use of the elemental composition of the wood feedstock. Next, we examine the influence of particle size, sample size, and pressure on experimental values of the Fixed-Carbon yields of the charcoal products and compare these values with the calculated theoretical limiting values. The Carbonization by thermogravimetric analysis of small samples of small particles of wood in open crucibles delivers the lowest Fixed-Carbon yields, closely followed by standard proximate analysis procedures that employ a closed crucible a...
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is elevated pressure required to achieve a high Fixed Carbon yield of charcoal from biomass part 1 round robin results for three different corncob materials
Energy & Fuels, 2011Co-Authors: Liang Wang, Marta Trninic, Oyvind Skreiberg, Morten Gronli, Roland Considine, Michael Jerry AntalAbstract:Elevated pressure secures the highest Fixed-Carbon yields of charcoal from corncob. Operating at a pressure of 0.8 MPa, a flash-Carbonization reactor realizes Fixed-Carbon yields that range from 70 to 85% of the theoretical thermochemical equilibrium value from Waimanalo corncob. The Fixed-Carbon yield is reduced to a range from 68 to 75% of the theoretical value when whole Waimanalo corncobs are Carbonized under nitrogen at atmospheric pressure in an electrically heated muffle furnace. The lowest Fixed-Carbon yields are obtained by the standard proximate analysis procedure for biomass feedstocks; this yield falls in a range from 49 to 54% of the theoretical value. A round-robin study of corncob charcoal and Fixed-Carbon yields involving three different thermogravimetric analyzers (TGAs) revealed the impact of vapor-phase reactions on the formation of charcoal. Deep crucibles that limit the egress of volatiles from the pyrolyzing solid greatly enhance charcoal and Fixed-Carbon yields. Likewise, capped cru...
Liang Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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simultaneously boosting the mass and Fixed Carbon yields of charcoal from forest residue via atmospheric Carbonization
Energy Procedia, 2017Co-Authors: Khanhquang Tra, Liang Wang, Maria Zabalo Alonso, Oyvind SkreibergAbstract:Abstract The Carbonization of various forest residues in comparison with their stem wood was studied by means of thermogravimetric analyzer operated non-isothermally at atmospheric pressure with a heating rate of 10K/min and a final temperature of 800 °C. GROT (tops and branches) and stem wood samples of Norway spruce and birch trees collected from forests in Southern Norway were used as feedstock. The work focused on analyzing the effect of process parameters (feedstock particle size, initial mass, and the residence time of gas released during the devolatilization) on the mass and Fixed Carbon yields of charcoal produced. The results show that it is possible to simultaneously improve the mass and Fixed Carbon yield of biochar produced by controlling the fate of gas released during devolatilization to promote the formation of secondary char. Differences between forest residues and theirs stem wood with regards to the effect of the investigated process parameters were observed.
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biomass pyrolysis in sealed vessels Fixed Carbon yields from avicel cellulose that realize the theoretical limit
Energy & Fuels, 2016Co-Authors: Sam Van Wesenbeeck, Liang Wang, Charissa Higashi, Maider Legarra, Michael Jerry AntalAbstract:In agreement with prior experimental work, thermodynamics predicts differences in the outcome of biomass pyrolysis conducted in sealed, constant-volume systems as opposed to constant-pressure systems. In particular, much higher values of the Fixed-Carbon yield can be expected in constant-volume systems. Avicel cellulose is known to give very low char and Fixed-Carbon yields; thus, char and Fixed-Carbon yields from cellulose have been given primary attention in this work. Our tubing bomb results reveal (i) Fixed-Carbon yields that realize the theoretical “limiting” values when the vessel is pre-pressurized to a modest pressure with N2 gas, and (ii) a gas product composed of steam (water) and CO2, with traces of CO and virtually no tars. Above a small range of modest temperatures and pressures, the char endures a molten phase and becomes a hard coke. The ash content of the char/coke reflects the composition of the glass wool and kao wool materials used to hold the Avicel powder in place.
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is elevated pressure required to achieve a high Fixed Carbon yield of charcoal from biomass part 2 the importance of particle size
Energy & Fuels, 2013Co-Authors: Liang Wang, Oyvind Skreiberg, Morten Gronli, Gregory Patrick Specht, Michael Jerry AntalAbstract:The prosperity of Silicon Valley is built upon a foundation of wood charcoal that is the preferred reductant for the manufacture of pure silicon from quartz. Because ordinary pyrolysis processes offer low yields of charcoal from wood, the production of silicon makes heavy demands on the forest resource. The goal of this paper is to identify process conditions that improve the yield of charcoal from wood. To realize this goal, we first calculate the theoretical Fixed-Carbon yield of charcoal by use of the elemental composition of the wood feedstock. Next, we examine the influence of particle size, sample size, and pressure on experimental values of the Fixed-Carbon yields of the charcoal products and compare these values with the calculated theoretical limiting values. The Carbonization by thermogravimetric analysis of small samples of small particles of wood in open crucibles delivers the lowest Fixed-Carbon yields, closely followed by standard proximate analysis procedures that employ a closed crucible a...
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is elevated pressure required to achieve a high Fixed Carbon yield of charcoal from biomass part 1 round robin results for three different corncob materials
Energy & Fuels, 2011Co-Authors: Liang Wang, Marta Trninic, Oyvind Skreiberg, Morten Gronli, Roland Considine, Michael Jerry AntalAbstract:Elevated pressure secures the highest Fixed-Carbon yields of charcoal from corncob. Operating at a pressure of 0.8 MPa, a flash-Carbonization reactor realizes Fixed-Carbon yields that range from 70 to 85% of the theoretical thermochemical equilibrium value from Waimanalo corncob. The Fixed-Carbon yield is reduced to a range from 68 to 75% of the theoretical value when whole Waimanalo corncobs are Carbonized under nitrogen at atmospheric pressure in an electrically heated muffle furnace. The lowest Fixed-Carbon yields are obtained by the standard proximate analysis procedure for biomass feedstocks; this yield falls in a range from 49 to 54% of the theoretical value. A round-robin study of corncob charcoal and Fixed-Carbon yields involving three different thermogravimetric analyzers (TGAs) revealed the impact of vapor-phase reactions on the formation of charcoal. Deep crucibles that limit the egress of volatiles from the pyrolyzing solid greatly enhance charcoal and Fixed-Carbon yields. Likewise, capped cru...
Oyvind Skreiberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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simultaneously boosting the mass and Fixed Carbon yields of charcoal from forest residue via atmospheric Carbonization
Energy Procedia, 2017Co-Authors: Khanhquang Tra, Liang Wang, Maria Zabalo Alonso, Oyvind SkreibergAbstract:Abstract The Carbonization of various forest residues in comparison with their stem wood was studied by means of thermogravimetric analyzer operated non-isothermally at atmospheric pressure with a heating rate of 10K/min and a final temperature of 800 °C. GROT (tops and branches) and stem wood samples of Norway spruce and birch trees collected from forests in Southern Norway were used as feedstock. The work focused on analyzing the effect of process parameters (feedstock particle size, initial mass, and the residence time of gas released during the devolatilization) on the mass and Fixed Carbon yields of charcoal produced. The results show that it is possible to simultaneously improve the mass and Fixed Carbon yield of biochar produced by controlling the fate of gas released during devolatilization to promote the formation of secondary char. Differences between forest residues and theirs stem wood with regards to the effect of the investigated process parameters were observed.
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is elevated pressure required to achieve a high Fixed Carbon yield of charcoal from biomass part 2 the importance of particle size
Energy & Fuels, 2013Co-Authors: Liang Wang, Oyvind Skreiberg, Morten Gronli, Gregory Patrick Specht, Michael Jerry AntalAbstract:The prosperity of Silicon Valley is built upon a foundation of wood charcoal that is the preferred reductant for the manufacture of pure silicon from quartz. Because ordinary pyrolysis processes offer low yields of charcoal from wood, the production of silicon makes heavy demands on the forest resource. The goal of this paper is to identify process conditions that improve the yield of charcoal from wood. To realize this goal, we first calculate the theoretical Fixed-Carbon yield of charcoal by use of the elemental composition of the wood feedstock. Next, we examine the influence of particle size, sample size, and pressure on experimental values of the Fixed-Carbon yields of the charcoal products and compare these values with the calculated theoretical limiting values. The Carbonization by thermogravimetric analysis of small samples of small particles of wood in open crucibles delivers the lowest Fixed-Carbon yields, closely followed by standard proximate analysis procedures that employ a closed crucible a...
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is elevated pressure required to achieve a high Fixed Carbon yield of charcoal from biomass part 1 round robin results for three different corncob materials
Energy & Fuels, 2011Co-Authors: Liang Wang, Marta Trninic, Oyvind Skreiberg, Morten Gronli, Roland Considine, Michael Jerry AntalAbstract:Elevated pressure secures the highest Fixed-Carbon yields of charcoal from corncob. Operating at a pressure of 0.8 MPa, a flash-Carbonization reactor realizes Fixed-Carbon yields that range from 70 to 85% of the theoretical thermochemical equilibrium value from Waimanalo corncob. The Fixed-Carbon yield is reduced to a range from 68 to 75% of the theoretical value when whole Waimanalo corncobs are Carbonized under nitrogen at atmospheric pressure in an electrically heated muffle furnace. The lowest Fixed-Carbon yields are obtained by the standard proximate analysis procedure for biomass feedstocks; this yield falls in a range from 49 to 54% of the theoretical value. A round-robin study of corncob charcoal and Fixed-Carbon yields involving three different thermogravimetric analyzers (TGAs) revealed the impact of vapor-phase reactions on the formation of charcoal. Deep crucibles that limit the egress of volatiles from the pyrolyzing solid greatly enhance charcoal and Fixed-Carbon yields. Likewise, capped cru...
Alan M Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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photosynthate regulation of the root system architecture mediated by the heterotrimeric g protein complex in arabidopsis
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016Co-Authors: Yashwanti Mudgil, Abhijit Karve, Paulo Jose Pereira Lima Teixeira, Kun Jiang, Meral Tuncozdemir, Alan M JonesAbstract:Assimilate partitioning to the root system is a desirable developmental trait to control but little is known of the signaling pathway underlying partitioning. A null mutation in the gene encoding the Gβ subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex, a nexus for a variety of signaling pathways, confers altered sugar partitioning in roots. While Fixed Carbon rapidly reached the roots of wild type and agb1-2 mutant seedlings, agb1 roots had more of this Fixed Carbon in the form of glucose, fructose, and sucrose which manifested as a higher lateral root density. Upon glucose treatment, the agb1-2 mutant had abnormal gene expression in the root tip validated by transcriptome analysis. In addition, PIN2 membrane localization and level was altered in the agb1-2 mutant. The heterotrimeric G protein complex integrates photosynthesis-derived sugar signaling incorporating both membrane-and transcriptional-based mechanisms. The time constants for these signaling mechanisms are in the same range as photosynthate delivery to the root, raising the possibility that root cells are able to use changes in Carbon fixation in real time to adjust growth behavior.
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photosynthate regulation of the root system architecture mediated by the heterotrimeric g protein complex in arabidopsis
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016Co-Authors: Yashwanti Mudgil, Abhijit Karve, Paulo Jose Pereira Lima Teixeira, Kun Jiang, Meral Tuncozdemir, Alan M JonesAbstract:Assimilate partitioning to the root system is a desirable developmental trait to control but little is known of the signaling pathway underlying partitioning. A null mutation in the gene encoding the Gβ subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex, a nexus for a variety of signaling pathways, confers altered sugar partitioning in roots. While Fixed Carbon rapidly reached the roots of wild type and agb1-2 mutant seedlings, agb1 roots had more of this Fixed Carbon in the form of glucose, fructose, and sucrose which manifested as a higher lateral root density. Upon glucose treatment, the agb1-2 mutant had abnormal gene expression in the root tip validated by transcriptome analysis. In addition, PIN2 membrane localization was altered in the agb1-2 mutant. The heterotrimeric G protein complex integrates photosynthesis-derived sugar signaling incorporating both membrane-and transcriptional-based mechanisms. The time constants for these signaling mechanisms are in the same range as photosynthate delivery to the root, raising the possibility that root cells are able to use changes in Carbon fixation in real time to adjust growth behavior.
Yashwanti Mudgil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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photosynthate regulation of the root system architecture mediated by the heterotrimeric g protein complex in arabidopsis
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016Co-Authors: Yashwanti Mudgil, Abhijit Karve, Paulo Jose Pereira Lima Teixeira, Kun Jiang, Meral Tuncozdemir, Alan M JonesAbstract:Assimilate partitioning to the root system is a desirable developmental trait to control but little is known of the signaling pathway underlying partitioning. A null mutation in the gene encoding the Gβ subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex, a nexus for a variety of signaling pathways, confers altered sugar partitioning in roots. While Fixed Carbon rapidly reached the roots of wild type and agb1-2 mutant seedlings, agb1 roots had more of this Fixed Carbon in the form of glucose, fructose, and sucrose which manifested as a higher lateral root density. Upon glucose treatment, the agb1-2 mutant had abnormal gene expression in the root tip validated by transcriptome analysis. In addition, PIN2 membrane localization and level was altered in the agb1-2 mutant. The heterotrimeric G protein complex integrates photosynthesis-derived sugar signaling incorporating both membrane-and transcriptional-based mechanisms. The time constants for these signaling mechanisms are in the same range as photosynthate delivery to the root, raising the possibility that root cells are able to use changes in Carbon fixation in real time to adjust growth behavior.
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photosynthate regulation of the root system architecture mediated by the heterotrimeric g protein complex in arabidopsis
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016Co-Authors: Yashwanti Mudgil, Abhijit Karve, Paulo Jose Pereira Lima Teixeira, Kun Jiang, Meral Tuncozdemir, Alan M JonesAbstract:Assimilate partitioning to the root system is a desirable developmental trait to control but little is known of the signaling pathway underlying partitioning. A null mutation in the gene encoding the Gβ subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex, a nexus for a variety of signaling pathways, confers altered sugar partitioning in roots. While Fixed Carbon rapidly reached the roots of wild type and agb1-2 mutant seedlings, agb1 roots had more of this Fixed Carbon in the form of glucose, fructose, and sucrose which manifested as a higher lateral root density. Upon glucose treatment, the agb1-2 mutant had abnormal gene expression in the root tip validated by transcriptome analysis. In addition, PIN2 membrane localization was altered in the agb1-2 mutant. The heterotrimeric G protein complex integrates photosynthesis-derived sugar signaling incorporating both membrane-and transcriptional-based mechanisms. The time constants for these signaling mechanisms are in the same range as photosynthate delivery to the root, raising the possibility that root cells are able to use changes in Carbon fixation in real time to adjust growth behavior.