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C A De Quadros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • eradication of wild poliovirus from the americas acute Flaccid Paralysis surveillance 1988 1995
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1997
    Co-Authors: C A De Quadros, Bradley S Hersh, J M Olive, Jon Kim Andrus, C M Da Silveira, Peter Carrasco
    Abstract:

    In May 1985, the Pan American Health Organization proposed the goal of interruption of wild poliovirus transmission in the Western Hemisphere. An important component of the polio eradication strategy was conducting surveillance for cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis. Reported cases were thoroughly investigated, including the collection of stool samples for testing for the presence of wild poliovirus. The last patient with poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus in the Americas had onset of Paralysis on 23 August 1991 in Peru. Since then, >9000 cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis have been reported and thoroughly investigated; none has been confirmed as paralytic poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus. On 29 September 1994, the International Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication declared the Americas to be polio-free.

  • Eradication of Wild Poliovirus from the Americas: Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance, 1988–1995
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1997
    Co-Authors: C A De Quadros, Bradley S Hersh, J M Olive, Jon Kim Andrus, C M Da Silveira, Peter Carrasco
    Abstract:

    In May 1985, the Pan American Health Organization proposed the goal of interruption of wild poliovirus transmission in the Western Hemisphere. An important component of the polio eradication strategy was conducting surveillance for cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis. Reported cases were thoroughly investigated, including the collection of stool samples for testing for the presence of wild poliovirus. The last patient with poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus in the Americas had onset of Paralysis on 23 August 1991 in Peru. Since then, >9000 cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis have been reported and thoroughly investigated; none has been confirmed as paralytic poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus. On 29 September 1994, the International Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication declared the Americas to be polio-free.

  • screening of cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis for poliomyelitis eradication ways to improve specificity
    Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 1992
    Co-Authors: Jon Kim Andrus, C A De Quadros, J M Olive, H F Hull
    Abstract:

    The Pan American Health Organization in 1985 adopted an initiative to eradicate poliomyelitis from the Western Hemisphere. In 1990, over 2000 cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) were reported in this region, of which Among children with AFP, the use of criteria such as age Introduction In September 1985, the Pan American Health Organization officially adopted the initiative to eradicate the transmission of indigenous wild poliovirus transmission from the Region of the Americas[1]. In 1986, when aggressive surveillance activities for acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) were first implemented, 930 clinically confirmed poliomyelitis cases were reported in the Americas. By 1988, with improvements in laboratory technology and support, 32 of the 340 cases of AFP confirmed as poliomyelitis were determined to be associated with wild poliovirus isolation[2, 3]. Between January and October 1991, six poliomyclitis cases in the Region were found to be associated with wild poliovirus isolation. This tremendous decrease in the number of confirmed cases occurred despite a doubling in the number of reported cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis, from 1000 in 1985 to >2000 estimated by the end of 1991. The challenge to eradicate the transmission of wild poliovirus from the Americas, and ultimately from the world, to a large extent depends on how well we can distinguish "true" poliomyelitis cases, i.e., those caused by wild poliovirus, from cases of AFP due to other causes. Unlike smallpox, which had a characteristic rash of clinical infection and scar of previous vaccination, poliomyelitis has a wide range of clinical presentations that requires skilled examiners and an extensive laboratory support system for diagnosis[4]. Every new case of AFP detected initiates a costly, labour-intensive chain of events that may include containment measures, such as house-to-house immunization campaigns, clinical follow-up to monitor the progression and type of disease, and complex diagnostic laboratory procedures to determine the etiologic agent.(a) In 1990, less than 1% of the over 2000 cases of AFP reported were confirmed as caused by wild poliovirus. To minimize inefficient use of the limited resources available for global eradication of poliomyelitis, operational screening criteria that maintain sensitivity, but achieve higher specificity are needed so that case-investigation efforts can focus on the cases most likely to be due to poliovirus.(b) To that end, the objective of this study was to develop operational screening criteria which can be applied in the field with more efficient use of the limited global resources. Methods Acute Flaccid Paralysis is a reportable condition in all countries of Latin America. All such cases in children less than 15 years of age that were reported to the Ministries of Health in Latin American countries from January 1989 to December 1990 were enrolled in this study. …

Jon Kim Andrus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • eradication of wild poliovirus from the americas acute Flaccid Paralysis surveillance 1988 1995
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1997
    Co-Authors: C A De Quadros, Bradley S Hersh, J M Olive, Jon Kim Andrus, C M Da Silveira, Peter Carrasco
    Abstract:

    In May 1985, the Pan American Health Organization proposed the goal of interruption of wild poliovirus transmission in the Western Hemisphere. An important component of the polio eradication strategy was conducting surveillance for cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis. Reported cases were thoroughly investigated, including the collection of stool samples for testing for the presence of wild poliovirus. The last patient with poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus in the Americas had onset of Paralysis on 23 August 1991 in Peru. Since then, >9000 cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis have been reported and thoroughly investigated; none has been confirmed as paralytic poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus. On 29 September 1994, the International Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication declared the Americas to be polio-free.

  • Eradication of Wild Poliovirus from the Americas: Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance, 1988–1995
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1997
    Co-Authors: C A De Quadros, Bradley S Hersh, J M Olive, Jon Kim Andrus, C M Da Silveira, Peter Carrasco
    Abstract:

    In May 1985, the Pan American Health Organization proposed the goal of interruption of wild poliovirus transmission in the Western Hemisphere. An important component of the polio eradication strategy was conducting surveillance for cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis. Reported cases were thoroughly investigated, including the collection of stool samples for testing for the presence of wild poliovirus. The last patient with poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus in the Americas had onset of Paralysis on 23 August 1991 in Peru. Since then, >9000 cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis have been reported and thoroughly investigated; none has been confirmed as paralytic poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus. On 29 September 1994, the International Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication declared the Americas to be polio-free.

  • screening of cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis for poliomyelitis eradication ways to improve specificity
    Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 1992
    Co-Authors: Jon Kim Andrus, C A De Quadros, J M Olive, H F Hull
    Abstract:

    The Pan American Health Organization in 1985 adopted an initiative to eradicate poliomyelitis from the Western Hemisphere. In 1990, over 2000 cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) were reported in this region, of which Among children with AFP, the use of criteria such as age Introduction In September 1985, the Pan American Health Organization officially adopted the initiative to eradicate the transmission of indigenous wild poliovirus transmission from the Region of the Americas[1]. In 1986, when aggressive surveillance activities for acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) were first implemented, 930 clinically confirmed poliomyelitis cases were reported in the Americas. By 1988, with improvements in laboratory technology and support, 32 of the 340 cases of AFP confirmed as poliomyelitis were determined to be associated with wild poliovirus isolation[2, 3]. Between January and October 1991, six poliomyclitis cases in the Region were found to be associated with wild poliovirus isolation. This tremendous decrease in the number of confirmed cases occurred despite a doubling in the number of reported cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis, from 1000 in 1985 to >2000 estimated by the end of 1991. The challenge to eradicate the transmission of wild poliovirus from the Americas, and ultimately from the world, to a large extent depends on how well we can distinguish "true" poliomyelitis cases, i.e., those caused by wild poliovirus, from cases of AFP due to other causes. Unlike smallpox, which had a characteristic rash of clinical infection and scar of previous vaccination, poliomyelitis has a wide range of clinical presentations that requires skilled examiners and an extensive laboratory support system for diagnosis[4]. Every new case of AFP detected initiates a costly, labour-intensive chain of events that may include containment measures, such as house-to-house immunization campaigns, clinical follow-up to monitor the progression and type of disease, and complex diagnostic laboratory procedures to determine the etiologic agent.(a) In 1990, less than 1% of the over 2000 cases of AFP reported were confirmed as caused by wild poliovirus. To minimize inefficient use of the limited resources available for global eradication of poliomyelitis, operational screening criteria that maintain sensitivity, but achieve higher specificity are needed so that case-investigation efforts can focus on the cases most likely to be due to poliovirus.(b) To that end, the objective of this study was to develop operational screening criteria which can be applied in the field with more efficient use of the limited global resources. Methods Acute Flaccid Paralysis is a reportable condition in all countries of Latin America. All such cases in children less than 15 years of age that were reported to the Ministries of Health in Latin American countries from January 1989 to December 1990 were enrolled in this study. …

Peter Carrasco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • eradication of wild poliovirus from the americas acute Flaccid Paralysis surveillance 1988 1995
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1997
    Co-Authors: C A De Quadros, Bradley S Hersh, J M Olive, Jon Kim Andrus, C M Da Silveira, Peter Carrasco
    Abstract:

    In May 1985, the Pan American Health Organization proposed the goal of interruption of wild poliovirus transmission in the Western Hemisphere. An important component of the polio eradication strategy was conducting surveillance for cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis. Reported cases were thoroughly investigated, including the collection of stool samples for testing for the presence of wild poliovirus. The last patient with poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus in the Americas had onset of Paralysis on 23 August 1991 in Peru. Since then, >9000 cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis have been reported and thoroughly investigated; none has been confirmed as paralytic poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus. On 29 September 1994, the International Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication declared the Americas to be polio-free.

  • Eradication of Wild Poliovirus from the Americas: Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance, 1988–1995
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1997
    Co-Authors: C A De Quadros, Bradley S Hersh, J M Olive, Jon Kim Andrus, C M Da Silveira, Peter Carrasco
    Abstract:

    In May 1985, the Pan American Health Organization proposed the goal of interruption of wild poliovirus transmission in the Western Hemisphere. An important component of the polio eradication strategy was conducting surveillance for cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis. Reported cases were thoroughly investigated, including the collection of stool samples for testing for the presence of wild poliovirus. The last patient with poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus in the Americas had onset of Paralysis on 23 August 1991 in Peru. Since then, >9000 cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis have been reported and thoroughly investigated; none has been confirmed as paralytic poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus. On 29 September 1994, the International Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication declared the Americas to be polio-free.

J M Olive - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • eradication of wild poliovirus from the americas acute Flaccid Paralysis surveillance 1988 1995
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1997
    Co-Authors: C A De Quadros, Bradley S Hersh, J M Olive, Jon Kim Andrus, C M Da Silveira, Peter Carrasco
    Abstract:

    In May 1985, the Pan American Health Organization proposed the goal of interruption of wild poliovirus transmission in the Western Hemisphere. An important component of the polio eradication strategy was conducting surveillance for cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis. Reported cases were thoroughly investigated, including the collection of stool samples for testing for the presence of wild poliovirus. The last patient with poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus in the Americas had onset of Paralysis on 23 August 1991 in Peru. Since then, >9000 cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis have been reported and thoroughly investigated; none has been confirmed as paralytic poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus. On 29 September 1994, the International Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication declared the Americas to be polio-free.

  • Eradication of Wild Poliovirus from the Americas: Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance, 1988–1995
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1997
    Co-Authors: C A De Quadros, Bradley S Hersh, J M Olive, Jon Kim Andrus, C M Da Silveira, Peter Carrasco
    Abstract:

    In May 1985, the Pan American Health Organization proposed the goal of interruption of wild poliovirus transmission in the Western Hemisphere. An important component of the polio eradication strategy was conducting surveillance for cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis. Reported cases were thoroughly investigated, including the collection of stool samples for testing for the presence of wild poliovirus. The last patient with poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus in the Americas had onset of Paralysis on 23 August 1991 in Peru. Since then, >9000 cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis have been reported and thoroughly investigated; none has been confirmed as paralytic poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus. On 29 September 1994, the International Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication declared the Americas to be polio-free.

  • screening of cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis for poliomyelitis eradication ways to improve specificity
    Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 1992
    Co-Authors: Jon Kim Andrus, C A De Quadros, J M Olive, H F Hull
    Abstract:

    The Pan American Health Organization in 1985 adopted an initiative to eradicate poliomyelitis from the Western Hemisphere. In 1990, over 2000 cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) were reported in this region, of which Among children with AFP, the use of criteria such as age Introduction In September 1985, the Pan American Health Organization officially adopted the initiative to eradicate the transmission of indigenous wild poliovirus transmission from the Region of the Americas[1]. In 1986, when aggressive surveillance activities for acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) were first implemented, 930 clinically confirmed poliomyelitis cases were reported in the Americas. By 1988, with improvements in laboratory technology and support, 32 of the 340 cases of AFP confirmed as poliomyelitis were determined to be associated with wild poliovirus isolation[2, 3]. Between January and October 1991, six poliomyclitis cases in the Region were found to be associated with wild poliovirus isolation. This tremendous decrease in the number of confirmed cases occurred despite a doubling in the number of reported cases of acute Flaccid Paralysis, from 1000 in 1985 to >2000 estimated by the end of 1991. The challenge to eradicate the transmission of wild poliovirus from the Americas, and ultimately from the world, to a large extent depends on how well we can distinguish "true" poliomyelitis cases, i.e., those caused by wild poliovirus, from cases of AFP due to other causes. Unlike smallpox, which had a characteristic rash of clinical infection and scar of previous vaccination, poliomyelitis has a wide range of clinical presentations that requires skilled examiners and an extensive laboratory support system for diagnosis[4]. Every new case of AFP detected initiates a costly, labour-intensive chain of events that may include containment measures, such as house-to-house immunization campaigns, clinical follow-up to monitor the progression and type of disease, and complex diagnostic laboratory procedures to determine the etiologic agent.(a) In 1990, less than 1% of the over 2000 cases of AFP reported were confirmed as caused by wild poliovirus. To minimize inefficient use of the limited resources available for global eradication of poliomyelitis, operational screening criteria that maintain sensitivity, but achieve higher specificity are needed so that case-investigation efforts can focus on the cases most likely to be due to poliovirus.(b) To that end, the objective of this study was to develop operational screening criteria which can be applied in the field with more efficient use of the limited global resources. Methods Acute Flaccid Paralysis is a reportable condition in all countries of Latin America. All such cases in children less than 15 years of age that were reported to the Ministries of Health in Latin American countries from January 1989 to December 1990 were enrolled in this study. …

Marco Zampoli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • acute Flaccid Paralysis in south african children causes respiratory complications and neurological outcome
    Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jolanda Van Der Pijl, Jo M Wilmshurst, Monique Van Dijk, Andrew C Argent, Jane Booth, Marco Zampoli
    Abstract:

    Aim To describe the causes, clinical presentation and neurological outcome of acute Flaccid Paralysis in children. Methods A retrospective study in a tertiary paediatric hospital in South Africa. Data on clinical presentation, respiratory complications and long-term neurological outcomes of children presenting with acute Flaccid Paralysis were collected. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine predictors for the need of mechanical ventilation. Results The study included 119 patients, 99 of whom had Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS); 47 patients (39.5%) required mechanical ventilation. Backward logistic regression analysis revealed that bulbar dysfunction (P < 0.001), autonomic dysfunction (P = 0.003) and upper limb Paralysis (P = 0.038) significantly predicted the need for mechanical ventilation. EuroQol-5D scores of self-care problems and usual activities after discharge significantly declined over time. Conclusions In this large series from Africa, GBS was the main cause of acute Flaccid Paralysis in children and was associated with significant morbidity. Other causes of acute Flaccid Paralysis mimicking GBS were not uncommon and should be excluded in this setting.

  • Acute Flaccid Paralysis in South African children: Causes, respiratory complications and neurological outcome
    Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jolanda Van Der Pijl, Jo M Wilmshurst, Monique Van Dijk, Andrew C Argent, Jane Booth, Marco Zampoli
    Abstract:

    Aim To describe the causes, clinical presentation and neurological outcome of acute Flaccid Paralysis in children. Methods A retrospective study in a tertiary paediatric hospital in South Africa. Data on clinical presentation, respiratory complications and long-term neurological outcomes of children presenting with acute Flaccid Paralysis were collected. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine predictors for the need of mechanical ventilation. Results The study included 119 patients, 99 of whom had Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS); 47 patients (39.5%) required mechanical ventilation. Backward logistic regression analysis revealed that bulbar dysfunction (P