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Dirk Roekaerts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Supercritical water oxidation of quinoline with moderate preheat temperature and initial concentration
Fuel, 2019Co-Authors: Shuzhong Wang, Chuang Yang, Haitao Xu, Dirk RoekaertsAbstract:This work reports an experimental study on supercritical water oxidation of quinoline. Moderate preheat temperature (420 °C–510 °C) and initial concentration (1 wt%–10 wt%) are selected to address the possibility of utilizing the heat released during the reaction, in order to realize high conversion rate at relatively low preheat temperature. The effects of temperature, residence time, oxidation ratio, pressure and concentration are analyzed. The results show that considerable conversion can happen at relatively low preheat temperature, while increase in temperature will significantly promote the complete conversion. The yield of carbon dioxide increases with the residence time but there is an upper limit due to the stronger dependence on oxidizer concentration, for which an estimated reaction order is 1.90. When the quinoline concentration is larger than 8 wt%, clear exothermic peaks with temperature rise about 100 °C are detected. These exothermic peaks can be interpreted as a sign of ignition interrupted by the heat loss to the surrounding salt bath. An analogy is made between the start temperatures of these exothermic peaks and the ignition temperatures reported in methanol and isopropanol hydrothermal Flame Research. We conclude that quinoline solutions can be ignited without co-fuels, at comparable ignition temperature as methanol and isopropanol around 450 °C.
Shuzhong Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Supercritical water oxidation of quinoline with moderate preheat temperature and initial concentration
Fuel, 2019Co-Authors: Shuzhong Wang, Chuang Yang, Haitao Xu, Dirk RoekaertsAbstract:This work reports an experimental study on supercritical water oxidation of quinoline. Moderate preheat temperature (420 °C–510 °C) and initial concentration (1 wt%–10 wt%) are selected to address the possibility of utilizing the heat released during the reaction, in order to realize high conversion rate at relatively low preheat temperature. The effects of temperature, residence time, oxidation ratio, pressure and concentration are analyzed. The results show that considerable conversion can happen at relatively low preheat temperature, while increase in temperature will significantly promote the complete conversion. The yield of carbon dioxide increases with the residence time but there is an upper limit due to the stronger dependence on oxidizer concentration, for which an estimated reaction order is 1.90. When the quinoline concentration is larger than 8 wt%, clear exothermic peaks with temperature rise about 100 °C are detected. These exothermic peaks can be interpreted as a sign of ignition interrupted by the heat loss to the surrounding salt bath. An analogy is made between the start temperatures of these exothermic peaks and the ignition temperatures reported in methanol and isopropanol hydrothermal Flame Research. We conclude that quinoline solutions can be ignited without co-fuels, at comparable ignition temperature as methanol and isopropanol around 450 °C.
Smith, Philip J. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clean and secure energy from domestic oil shale and oil sands resources: Quarterly progress report: October 2011 to December 2011
2012Co-Authors: Smith, Philip J.Abstract:reportThe Clean and Secure Energy from Domestic Oil Shale and Oil Sands Resources program is part of the Research agenda of the Institute for Clean and Secure Energy (ICSE) at the University of Utah. The Clean and Secure Energy program hosted an External Advisory Board on November 1-2, 2011 and the kickoff meeting with industrial partner American Shale Oil (AMSO) on October 25, 2011 for the Strategic Alliance Reserve (SAR) projects. Researchers in Task 3.0 are developing a modified assessment tool for evaluating regional economic and environmental effects of unconventional fuel development. In order to achieve this goal, Researchers have created a module within the assessment tool framework for conventional oil and gas development in the Uinta Basin that include drilling schedules, well depth distributions, and production curves. They have also collected greenhouse gas and criteria pollutants emissions data as a prelude to developing an air emissions module. Data obtained from the Utah Division of Oil, Gas, and Mining (DOGM) and from other sources will be used for model validation/uncertainty quantification (V/UQ). This approach is being used due to the lack of unconventional fuel data available for V/UQ. Subtask 3.2 Researchers are focusing on developing a Flamelets reaction/mixing model that can be coupled to Large Eddy Simulation (LES) codes to model subgrid scale reaction and mixing processes. This Flamelets model will be used in the parametric study of the International Flame Research Foundation (IFRF) oxy-fuel-fired furnace. Stability problems with the IFRF furnace geometry and boundary conditions in the LES code ARCHES have slowed down efforts to complete a V/UQ analysis of this system. Research and analyses on three different sections of the Skyline 16 core (GR-1, GR-2, and GR-3) was the focus of Subtasks 4.3, 4.5, 4.6, and 4.9 during this quarter. The Subtask 4.3 has completed thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) pyrolysis of demineralized kerogen that has extracted from Gr-1, GR-2, and GR-3. For all three kerogens, onset points (start and end) in the pyrolysis zone are close to identical. In Subtask 4.5, Researchers analyzed the GR-1, GR-2, and GR-3 samples before and after pyrolysis. The images reconstructed from X-ray computed tomography (CT) show that pores are generated along the kerogen-rich layers in the GR-1 sample while directional fractures along the thin, kerogen-rich layers are observed for GR-2 and GR-3 samples. Work in Subtasks 4.6 and 4.9 are focused on providing models for oil shale kerogens and experimental data for model validation. The Subtask 4.6 team studied the effect of the interaction of organic materials (e.g. kerogen) with inorganic materials on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum and obtained both 13C SSNMR and pairwise distribution function (PDF) measurements on the kerogens isolated from the three core sections. Subtask 4.9 Researchers verified through ashing tests that the demineralized kerogen samples used in Subtasks 4.3 and 4.6 had a mineral content of about 5%. Structural and lattice parameters have been extracted from the cross polarization (CP) and single pulse (SP) magic angle spinning (MAS) spectra, revealing that the organic matter in all three kerogen samples is similar. Subtask 4.7 will also be performing in-situ stress tests on the same section of oil shale cores once the apparatus is fully designed and evaluated. Design during this quarter focused on the internal measurement systems, specifically the measurement of axial and radial deformation of the samples while they are being tested. The other Task 4.0 projects have focused on simulation of various in situ processes. Subtask 4.1 Researchers have completed a topical report on heat transfer processes inside the representative computational geometry used for an evaluation of Red Leaf Resources' ECOSHALE capsule technology. They have also implemented a more complex geometric representation of the fractured oil shale bed by using two distinct particles in contact to represent three shapes and by decreasing the size of the convective channels. The Subtask 4.2 team has proposed a sequential combination of in situ pyrolysis, in situ combustion, and CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to increase recovery of unconventional fuels while increasing production energy efficiency. They have evaluated the effect of time for switching from in situ pyrolysis to in situ combustion on overall production and energy supplied. Work on Subtask 4.8 was suspended this quarter due to the PI's maternity leave. Subtask 5.0 Researchers have completed two topical reports, one on conjunctive water management (already submitted) and the other on cross-jurisdictional resource management (to be submitted next quarter). In Task 6.0, the project team has determined that a two-pronged approach to profitability analysis in the Market Assessment is needed: the Supply Price Method and the Net Present Value Method. The four unconventional fuel development scenarios are being updated to reflect these changes. Additionally, five sections of the Market Assessment report have been completed in page layout form and are ready for publication after final proofing. The remaining five sections are being laid out at the rate of one section per week. The three SAR subtasks were officially launched at the project kickoff meeting with AMSO. Initial work in Subtask 7.1 is focused on collecting information in the public domain on constitutive mechanical and thermal properties of oil shale. A data analysis specialist is being consulted in order to assess the best methodology for processing large volumes of experimental data. Subtask 7.3 Researchers have used the HPC-based tools developed for Subtask 4.1 to create a preliminary simulation of a three-day heating process for a computational domain more representative of the AMSO process
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Clean and secure energy from domestic oil shale and oil sands resources: Quarterly progress report: January 1, 2010 to March 31, 2010
University of Utah, 2010Co-Authors: Smith, Philip J.Abstract:reportThe Clean and Secure Energy from Domestic Oil Shale and Oil Sands Resources program is part of the Research agenda of the Institute for Clean and Secure Energy (ICSE) at the University of Utah. In this quarter, the Clean and Secure Energy program continued its focus on enhancing industrial, national laboratory, and academic connections with visits from Calera, Praxair, Sage Geotech, Sandia National Lab, Idaho National Lab, and Los Alamos National Lab and a visit to Utah State University to discuss opportunities for intrastate collaboration on energy -related projects. Efforts to enhance ICSE outreach tools (the repository, the interactive map, and the website) also continued. The current focus of the repository is to upload publications by ICSE Researchers.The interactive map has been augmented with water-related data. Two new features were also added to the interactive map: the ability to save the map as an image (and print it, if desired), and the ability to search for features on the map by name. A new ICSE website was rolled out in January that is meant to better reflect the multidisciplinary nature of ICSE and to provide easier access to ICSE information and outreach tools. In Task 3.0, ICSE Researchers have finished gathering literature data on the potential of oxy-fuel for CO2 capture in refining and oil sands upgrading operations and have computed estimates of life-cycle well-to-pump CO2 emissions for crude oil refining under both baseline and process heater oxy-firing conditions. Researchers are also performing simulations of the oxy-gas fired test furnace at the International Flame Research Foundation. The initial test matrix considers two scenario parameters (natural gas and O2 flow rates) and one model parameter (boundary condition applied to the walls of the computational domain). Each simulation requires 360 processors for approximately 72 hours. The simulations are currently being run on ICSE computing facilities. In Task 4.0, ICSE Researchers are focused on the vertical integration of all subtasks into an overarching simulation that considers liquid fuel production from the in-situ thermal treatment of oil shale/sands. Discussion this quarter focused on obtaining a fresh core sample from the Mahogany zone of the Green River Formation in Utah's Uinta Basin. A plan to piggyback on drilling that Oil Shale Exploration Company (OSEC) will be conducting this spring on their private land has been made. The Subtask 4.1 team determined that the simulation of the ECOSHALE capsule needed to include the actual geometry of the pieces of shale. The simulation software Star-CCM+ can handle a complex geometry and can accurately model the convective currents through the channels of the rubblized bed found within the ECOSHALE capsule. The Subtask 4.2 team constructed the west-to-east (W-E) cross section of 4 wells across a 24-mile region in Utah's Uinta Basin with a goal to provide better geologic models to reservoir simulations in the basin. The team also studied the application of the Friedman method and "model free" methods. to better determine the relationship between conversion and activation energy in kerogen conversion kinetics for reservoir simulation. Researchers in Subtask 4.3 used thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) with mass spectrometry (MS) to study pyrolysis of oil shale samples at different heating rates. The addition of MS to the TGA experiments allows for product identification as the pyrolysis process unfolds. The Subtask 4.4 team collected oil and water samples from hydrous pyrolysis experiments to compare with the non-hydrous (ordinary) pyrolysis. Aromatics and alkenes were higher in concentration in hydrous pyrolysis compared to ordinary pyrolysis at the same conditions. The water samples will be sent to a commercial laboratory to obtain concentrations of dissolved organics. In Subtask 4.5, the team performed detailed 3D imaging of oil shale core before and after pyrolysis. The pore structure of the pyrolyzed samples deduced from the images was used for Lattice Boltzmann simulations to calculate the permeability in the pore space. The permeabilities of the silicate-rich zone were on the order of milli-Darcies, while the reacted core permeabilities of the kerogen-rich zone were very anisotropic and about four orders of magnitude higher. ISCE Researchers in Subtask 4.6 began ab initio calculations and molecular dynamics simulation of asphaltenes with the objectives of developing 3D models of asphaltenes based on existing 2D model, studying agglomeration of asphaltenes and studying the interaction between asphaltenes and mineral matter. In Task 5.0, ICSE Researchers continued to monitor and review litigation challenging the federal oil shale leasing rule, the Programmatic EIS for oil shale and oil sands leasing, and the multiple resource management plans containing land use stipulations applicable to oil shale- and oil sands-bearing lands. Researchers also completed and submitted a Topical Report entitled "Policy Analysis of Water Availability and Use Issues For Domestic Oil Shale and Oil Sands Development." In Task 6.0, the Research team developed a methodology to be used for the economic analysis of various heavy oil production methods and subsequent upgrading methods. Supply costs for the various scenarios will use industrial standard methods for the estimation of capital and operating costs for each year over the life of the project and standard accounting methods to establish discounted cash flow predictions for the project. The team also reviewed and began drafting analysis of Research related to the realities and perceptions of the carbon footprint of oil sands development in Canada. Lastly, Researchers identified and described the methodology applied to assess the impact of downstream market conditions on potential revenue from upstream scenarios. Oil price risk will be accounted for using a model of the price of the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) marker crude with parameters of this model established from oil price data and also tuned to reflect "what if" scenarios for the level and volatility of the future prices of oil
Chuang Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Supercritical water oxidation of quinoline with moderate preheat temperature and initial concentration
Fuel, 2019Co-Authors: Shuzhong Wang, Chuang Yang, Haitao Xu, Dirk RoekaertsAbstract:This work reports an experimental study on supercritical water oxidation of quinoline. Moderate preheat temperature (420 °C–510 °C) and initial concentration (1 wt%–10 wt%) are selected to address the possibility of utilizing the heat released during the reaction, in order to realize high conversion rate at relatively low preheat temperature. The effects of temperature, residence time, oxidation ratio, pressure and concentration are analyzed. The results show that considerable conversion can happen at relatively low preheat temperature, while increase in temperature will significantly promote the complete conversion. The yield of carbon dioxide increases with the residence time but there is an upper limit due to the stronger dependence on oxidizer concentration, for which an estimated reaction order is 1.90. When the quinoline concentration is larger than 8 wt%, clear exothermic peaks with temperature rise about 100 °C are detected. These exothermic peaks can be interpreted as a sign of ignition interrupted by the heat loss to the surrounding salt bath. An analogy is made between the start temperatures of these exothermic peaks and the ignition temperatures reported in methanol and isopropanol hydrothermal Flame Research. We conclude that quinoline solutions can be ignited without co-fuels, at comparable ignition temperature as methanol and isopropanol around 450 °C.
Haitao Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Supercritical water oxidation of quinoline with moderate preheat temperature and initial concentration
Fuel, 2019Co-Authors: Shuzhong Wang, Chuang Yang, Haitao Xu, Dirk RoekaertsAbstract:This work reports an experimental study on supercritical water oxidation of quinoline. Moderate preheat temperature (420 °C–510 °C) and initial concentration (1 wt%–10 wt%) are selected to address the possibility of utilizing the heat released during the reaction, in order to realize high conversion rate at relatively low preheat temperature. The effects of temperature, residence time, oxidation ratio, pressure and concentration are analyzed. The results show that considerable conversion can happen at relatively low preheat temperature, while increase in temperature will significantly promote the complete conversion. The yield of carbon dioxide increases with the residence time but there is an upper limit due to the stronger dependence on oxidizer concentration, for which an estimated reaction order is 1.90. When the quinoline concentration is larger than 8 wt%, clear exothermic peaks with temperature rise about 100 °C are detected. These exothermic peaks can be interpreted as a sign of ignition interrupted by the heat loss to the surrounding salt bath. An analogy is made between the start temperatures of these exothermic peaks and the ignition temperatures reported in methanol and isopropanol hydrothermal Flame Research. We conclude that quinoline solutions can be ignited without co-fuels, at comparable ignition temperature as methanol and isopropanol around 450 °C.