The Experts below are selected from a list of 66 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Baris Ozerdem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Air leakage measurement and analysis in duct systems
Energy and Buildings, 2006Co-Authors: Cigdem Aydin, Baris OzerdemAbstract:Abstract Air ducts and related equipments are used in a large number of buildings having thermal comfort. In this study, energy loss related with air leakage is studied. The leakage measurement setup was produced according to NEN-EN standards and the evaluation of data have been conducted by using power law model. The measurements were made on 300 and 1000 mm diameter single circular ducts, 300 mm × 250 mm and 1000 mm × 500 mm Flanged Joint rectangular ducts, 300 and 630 mm diameter circular beaded slip Joint ducts, 300 mm × 200 mm and 500 mm × 300 mm rectangular Flanged and drive slip Joint ducts, and an branched air distribution system having different diameters for positive internal pressures. Test results have showed that the most of air leakage is from the Joints. The seam contribution to air leakage is relatively lower than the Joints. Using sealing gaskets help to improve the air leakage by about 50%.
Cigdem Aydin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Air leakage measurement and analysis in duct systems
Energy and Buildings, 2006Co-Authors: Cigdem Aydin, Baris OzerdemAbstract:Abstract Air ducts and related equipments are used in a large number of buildings having thermal comfort. In this study, energy loss related with air leakage is studied. The leakage measurement setup was produced according to NEN-EN standards and the evaluation of data have been conducted by using power law model. The measurements were made on 300 and 1000 mm diameter single circular ducts, 300 mm × 250 mm and 1000 mm × 500 mm Flanged Joint rectangular ducts, 300 and 630 mm diameter circular beaded slip Joint ducts, 300 mm × 200 mm and 500 mm × 300 mm rectangular Flanged and drive slip Joint ducts, and an branched air distribution system having different diameters for positive internal pressures. Test results have showed that the most of air leakage is from the Joints. The seam contribution to air leakage is relatively lower than the Joints. Using sealing gaskets help to improve the air leakage by about 50%.
Muhammad Abid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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IPC02-27386 RISK ASSESSMENT STUDIES OF GASKETED AND NON-GASKETED BOLTED PIPE JointS
2020Co-Authors: Muhammad Abid, David H NashAbstract:ABSTRACT Over many years much effort has been made to develop design INTRODUCTION It is well known that flanges have been used for more than three hundred years for joining pipes. They are simple to fabricate and assemble requiring simple tools and moderate skills but a lot of common sense. They can be designed to sustain a wide variety of fluids for a range of temperatures and pressures and can be made to operate successfully under most conditions. There are many different designs of Flanged Joints available. A Flanged Joint can perform well for many years in a particular application, but in a different application, the same Joint may perform miserably for many reasons. Experience from onshore and offshore gas installations has made it evident, that the conventional gasketed, pipe Joint, has several weaknesses, which can cause problems in service. So having examined the relative literature and after discussing problems faced by the oil and gas industry, it was decided to compare results from experimental testing, general observation and surveys of a standard gasketed (ANSI) Joint with an equivalent alternative non-gasketed (NG) Joint. The non-gasketed (NG) Joint system evaluated is produced by VERAX Ltd. and was chosen for study because it exhibited the best performance of all Joint types analyzed based on detailed non-linear finite element analysis and other factors such as size, weight, amount of time required for installation and maintenance and overall cost of the join
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gasketed bolted flange Joint s relaxation behaviour under different bolt up strategy
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 2009Co-Authors: K A Khan, Muhammad Abid, J A ChatthaAbstract:Performance of a bolted flange Joint is characterized mainly by its 'strength' and 'sealing capability'. Sealing capability of a bolted flange Joint is highly dependent on the bolt up strategy during assembly because gasket stress distribution achieved during assembly process is the prime parameter. Any improper bolt up practice may result in the leakage from the Joint. In this article, two different bolt up strategies used in the industries during the assembly of a bolted Flanged Joint are used and Joints relaxation, gasket stress variation, and Joint's strength are analysed using detailed non-linear finite-element analysis.
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combined external load tests for standard and compact flanges
International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2000Co-Authors: David Nash, Muhammad AbidAbstract:Abstract The recognised standard method of gasketed Flanged Joint design contained within most pressure vessel codes is that based on the Taylor Forge procedure (Trans ASME 59 (1937) 161). This has, as its basis, bolt load calculations, which are designed to apply sufficient load to both seat and initialise the gasket, and to ensure sealing via a gasket when the operational pressure load is present. The flange ring and hub transmit the bolt load to the gasket and must therefore be stiff and flat. However, there are many real situations where additional loads arise through external pulling and bending. This is commonly seen in piping systems and other Flanged pressure equipment. Although the codes do not specifically address the ‘combined load’ problem, the normal method for considering this additional load is to form an equivalent pressure. This over-pressure is calculated by making the stress generated in the pipe or vessel wall, by the external load, equal to a longitudinal pressure stress which may be tensile or compressive, depending on the nature of the load. This results in an over-pressure which can therefore be added to the operating pressure. For bending loads, no account is taken of the variation around the circumference, or the change in gasket seating width, which will vary as the flange faces rotate. In order to assess the effects of external loading on flanges, a combined load test rig has been constructed and a number of bolted flange assemblies examined including standard ANSI Joints and compact VERAX VCF Joints (Fig. 1a and b). These assemblies have been strain gauged and tested for a variety of load conditions. Tests have been carried out using hydraulic fluid as the main pressurising medium. The results of the individual tests and the combinations of load are presented and discussed.
Kuppan Thulukkanam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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heat exchanger design handbook
2013Co-Authors: Kuppan ThulukkanamAbstract:Heat Exchangers: Introduction, Classification, and Selection Introduction Construction of Heat Exchangers Classification of Heat Exchangers Selection of Heat Exchangers Requirements of Heat Exchangers Heat Exchanger Thermohydraulic Fundamentals Heat Exchanger Thermal Circuit and Overall Conductance Equation Heat Exchanger Heat Transfer Analysis Methods Thermal Effectiveness Charts Symmetry Property and Flow Reversibility and Relation between the Thermal Effectiveness of Overall Parallel and Counterflow Heat Exchanger Geometries Temperature Approach Meet, and Temperature Cross Thermal Relation Formulas for Various Flow Arrangements and Pass Arrangements Heat Exchanger Thermal Design Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design Methodology Design Procedure Heat Exchanger Design Problems Computer-Aided Thermal Design Pressure-Drop Analysis, Temperature-Dependent Fluid Properties, Performance Failures, Flow Maldistribution, Fouling, and Corrosion Cooperative Research Programs on Heat Exchanger Design Uncertainties in Thermal Design of Heat Exchangers Compact Heat Exchangers Classification and Construction Details of Tube-Fin Compact Heat Exchangers Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers Surface Geometrical Relations Factors Influencing Tube-Fin Heat Exchanger Performance Thermohydraulic Fundamentals of Finned Tube Heat Exchangers Correlations for j and f factors of Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers Fin Efficiency Rating of a Compact Exchanger Sizing of a Compact Heat Exchanger Effect of Longitudinal Heat Conduction on Thermal Effectiveness Air-Cooled Heat Exchanger Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design Construction Details for Shell and Tube Exchangers Tubes Tube Arrangement Baffles Tubesheet and Its Connection with Shell and Channel Tube Bundle Shells Pass Arrangement Fluid Properties and Allocation Classification of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers TEMA System for Describing Heat Exchanger Types Differential Thermal Expansion TEMA Classification of Heat Exchangers Based on Service Condition Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Selection Shellside Clearances Tube-to-Baffle-Hole Clearance Shell-to-Baffle Clearance Shell-to-Bundle Clearance Bypass Lanes Regenerators Introduction Heat Exchangers Used for Regeneration Rotary Regenerative Air Preheater Comparison of Recuperators and Regenerators Considerations in Establishing a Heat Recovery System Regenerator Construction Material Thermal Design: Hydraulic Fundamentals Thermal Design Theory Mechanical Design Industrial Regenerators and Heat Recovery Devices Rotary Heat Exchangers for Space Heating Plate Heat Exchangers and Spiral Plate Heat Exchangers Plate Heat Exchanger Construction: General Benefits Offered by Plate Heat Exchangers Comparison between a Plate Heat Exchanger and a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Plate Heat Exchanger: Detailed Construction Features Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger Other Forms of Plate Heat Exchangers Thermohydraulic Fundamentals of Plate Heat Exchangers PHE Thermal Design Methods Corrosion of Plate Heat Exchangers Fouling Limitations of Plate Heat Exchangers Spiral Plate Heat Exchangers PLATECOIL(R) Prime Surface Plate Heat Exchangers Heat Transfer Augmentation Introduction Application of Augmented Surfaces Principle of Single-Phase Heat Transfer Enhancement Approaches and Techniques for Heat Transfer Enhancement Heat Transfer Mode Passive Techniques Active Techniques Friction Factor Pertinent Problems Phase Change Major Areas of Applications Fouling Effect of Fouling on the Thermohydraulic Performance of Heat Exchangers Costs of Heat Exchanger Fouling Fouling Curves/Modes of Fouling Stages of Fouling Fouling Model Parameters That Influence Fouling Resistances Mechanisms of Fouling Fouling Data How Fouling Is Dealt while Designing Heat Exchangers TEMA Fouling Resistance Values Fouling Monitoring Expert System Fouling Prevention and Control Cleaning of Heat Exchangers Foulant Control by Chemical Additives Control of Fouling from Suspended Solids Cooling-Water Management for Reduced Fouling Flow-Induced Vibration of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Principles of Flow-Induced Vibration Discussion of Flow-Induced Vibration Mechanisms Turbulence-Induced Excitation Mechanism Fluid Elastic Instability Acoustic Resonance Vibration Evaluation Procedure Design Guidelines for Vibration Prevention Baffle Damage and Collision Damage Empirical Checks for Vibration Severity Impact and Fretting Wear Determination of Hydrodynamic Mass, Natural Frequency, and Damping Mechanical Design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Standards and Codes Basics of Mechanical Design Stress Analysis, Classes, and Categories of Stress Tubesheet Design Cylindrical Shell, End Closures, and Formed Heads under Internal Pressure Bolted Flanged Joint Design Expansion Joints Opening and Nozzles Supports Corrosion Basics of Corrosion Forms of Corrosion Corrosion of Weldments Corrosion Prevention and Control Corrosion Monitoring Cooling-Water Corrosion Material Selection for Hydrogen Sulfide Environments Material Selection and Fabrication Material Selection Principles Equipment Design Features Raw Material Forms Used in the Construction of Heat Exchangers Materials for Heat Exchanger Construction Plate Steels Pipes and Tubes Weldability Problems Hot Cracking Laboratory Tests to Determining Susceptibility to Cracking Service-Oriented Cracking Welding-Related Failures Selection of Cast Iron and Carbon Steels Low-Alloy Steels Quenched and Tempered Steels Chromium-Molybdenum Steels Stainless Steels Ferritic Stainless Steels Duplex Stainless Steels Superaustenitic Stainless Steels with Mo + N Aluminum Alloys: Metallurgy Copper Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloys Metallurgy and Properties Titanium: Properties and Metallurgy Zirconium Tantalum Graphite, Glass, Teflon, and Ceramics Graphite Glass Teflon Ceramics Hexoloy(R) Silicon Carbide Heat Exchanger Tube Cladding Postweld Heat Treatment of Welded Joints in Steel Pressure Vessels and Heat Exchangers Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Inspection, and Nondestructive Testing Quality Control and Quality Assurance Inspection Welding Design Nondestructive Testing Methods Heat Exchanger Fabrication Introduction to Fabrication of the Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Details of Manufacturing Drawing Stages of Heat Exchanger Fabrication Forming of Heads and Closures Brazing Elements of Brazing Fundamentals of Brazing Process Control Brazing of Aluminum Brazing of Heat-Resistant Alloys and Stainless Steel Quality Control, Inspection, and NDT of Brazed Heat Exchangers Soldering of Heat Exchangers Corrosion of Brazed and Soldered Joints Evaluation of Design and Materials of Automotive Radiators CuproBraze Heat Exchanger Heat Exchanger Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Storage Installation Operation Maintenance Periodical inspection of Unit Indications of Fouling Deterioration of Heat Exchanger Performance NDT Methods to Inspect and Assess the Condition of Heat Exchanger and Pressure Vessel Components Residual Life Assessment of Heat Exchangers by NDT Techniques Pressure Vessel Failure Professional Service Providers for Heat Exchangers References Index
Michael A. Porter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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INVESTIGATION AND REPAIR OF A HEAT EXCHANGER TUBESHEET-TO-CHANNEL FLANGE
2015Co-Authors: Michael A. Porter, Dennis H. Martens, Steven R. Massey, Donald R. Skaggs, Brian C. HiattAbstract:During its fabrication hydrotest, the Flanged Joint between the tubesheet and the channel of a shell and tube heat exchanger leaked. The design of the Joint was confirmed as complying with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII Division 1[1]stress requirements and rigidity index recommendations. The Joint was investigated using finite element analysis (FE). The results indicated that the flange was rotating significantly during bolt up and under pressure. The Flanged Joint design was judged to be unacceptable and the design was converted to a welded configuration. This paper reports the results of the FE analysis and the ASME BPVC Section VIII Division 1 flange design calculations. The results of commonly used mechanical and code design software are also discussed. These results are compared and recommendations for the design of similar flanges are presented
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1 INVESTIGATION AND REPAIR OF HEAT EXCHANGER FLANGE LEAK
2015Co-Authors: Dennis Martens, Michael A. PorterAbstract:During original operations a leak developed in the bolted tube sheet Joints of a stacked pair of type 321 stainless steel TEMA type BEU exchangers in 8.27x106 N/m2 (1200psi) 371 oC (700°F) Hydrogen and Oil service (see Figure 1). After unsuccessful attempts to repair the leak an evaluation of the Flanged Joint design was undertaken. Finite Element analysis of the tube sheet Joint provided the basis for understanding the complex temperature profile, displacements and stresses in the Joint. The exchanger was successfully repaired using a weld ring gasket closure with the addition of disc spring washers to the bolting (see Figure 2). Observation of the Flanged Joint during startup and operation confirmed the Finite Element Analysis results