The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
H.-j. Liaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Maximum Flash Point behavior of ternary mixtures with single and two maximum Flash Point binary constituents
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2020Co-Authors: H.-j. Liaw, Chieh-an YangAbstract:Abstract Mixtures exhibiting maximum Flash Point behavior (MaxFPB) have the potential to reduce the fire and explosion hazard of liquids, such as waste solvent and liquid fuel. Commercial mixtures generally contain multiple components. However, existing research on MaxFPB is limited mainly to binary mixtures. Accordingly, the present study extends the literature by examining the MaxFPB of three ternary mixtures, namely phenol + cyclohexanol + cyclohexanone, phenol + cyclohexanol + benzyl alcohol, and phenol + acetophenone + 1-propanol. It is shown that two binary constituents of the former two mixtures exhibit MaxFPB, while a single binary constituent of the latter mixture has MaxFPB. For all three studied mixtures, the maximum Flash Point of the solution is located at their one of the binary constituents. In general, the results provide a useful source of reference for hazard reduction, process safety design, and fuel design.
-
Classification for ternary Flash Point mixtures diagrams regarding miscible flammable compounds
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2018Co-Authors: Sergio Da Cunha, Vincent Gerbaud, Nataliya Shcherbakova, H.-j. LiawAbstract:Abstract Flash Point is a major indicator on the study of fire and explosion hazards of liquid mixtures. Mixtures presenting a minimum Flash Point behavior are particularly dangerous. It has been shown before that minimum/maximum Flash Point mixtures could be related with azeotropic behavior under some conditions. Since the 70's a classification of ternary azeotropic mixtures has been developed based on the topological properties of residue curve maps arising from the simple evaporation equilibrium model. In this paper we show that such a general classification also exists for Flash Point diagram of miscible flammable compound ternary mixtures and that it could help anticipate fire and explosion hazard in ternary mixtures. The demonstration is based on the construction of an auxiliary theoretical system under equilibrium equivalent to a non-equilibrium Flash Point system.
-
Minimum Flash Point behavior of ternary solutions with three minimum Flash Point binary constituents
Fuel, 2018Co-Authors: H.-j. LiawAbstract:Abstract The fire and explosion hazards for a mixture demonstrating minimum Flash Point behavior (MinFPB) are greater than for those of its individual components. Studies of MinFPB for ternary solutions are extremely rare, although such solutions are frequently encountered in real processes. A new type of MinFPB for ternary mixtures with three binary constituents showing MinFPB is reported in this study. This new type of MinFPB was observed in methyl butyrate + ethanol + octane and propyl acetate + ethanol + octane. The minimum Flash Point value for the two studied mixtures is not only lower than that of the individual components but was also lower than the minimum ones of the three constituent binary mixtures. Such an observation has not formerly been reported. This finding has implications for fuel design, hazard assessment, process safety design, and process safety operation.
-
on the relation between azeotropic behavior and minimum maximum Flash Point occurrences in binary mixtures of flammable compounds
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2017Co-Authors: Sergio Da Cunha, H.-j. Liaw, Vincent GerbaudAbstract:The Flash Point temperature and the boiling temperature of a mixture are related by the fact that both can be modeled based on vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of each component. It has been suggested in the literature that there might exist a concomitance between azeotropic behavior and minimum/maximum Flash Point temperature for binary mixtures. In order to verify this statement, we derive new temperature dependent functions that relate the conditions valid for azeotropic behavior and those valid for minimum/maximum Flash Point behavior. Analysis of experimental data and predicted results allowed us to propose a heuristic to forecast extremum Flash Point based on the sole knowledge of azeotropic data and boiling and Flash Point temperatures differences. Extremum Flash Point might occur when both components are flammable and when the gap between the Flash Point temperatures of individual components (ΔT_fp) is of the same order or smaller than the boiling temperature gap (ΔT_b). Hence, we contribute to the assessment of the fire and explosion hazards in binary mixtures eventually presenting a minimum Flash Point behavior
-
On the relation between azeotropic behavior and minimum / maximum Flash Point occurrences in binary mixtures of flammable compounds
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2017Co-Authors: Sergio Da Cunha, H.-j. Liaw, Vincent GerbaudAbstract:The Flash Point temperature and the boiling temperature of a mixture are related by the fact that both can be modeled based on vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of each component. It has been suggested in the literature that there might exist a concomitance between azeotropic behavior and minimum/maximum Flash Point temperature for binary mixtures. In order to verify this statement, we derive new temperature dependent functions that relate the conditions valid for azeotropic behavior and those valid for minimum/maximum Flash Point behavior. Analysis of experimental data and predicted results allowed us to propose a heuristic to forecast extremum Flash Point based on the sole knowledge of azeotropic data and boiling and Flash Point temperatures differences. Extremum Flash Point might occur when both components are flammable and when the gap between the Flash Point temperatures of individual components (ΔT_fp) is of the same order or smaller than the boiling temperature gap (ΔT_b). Hence, we contribute to the assessment of the fire and explosion hazards in binary mixtures eventually presenting a minimum Flash Point behavior
Vincent Gerbaud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Classification for ternary Flash Point mixtures diagrams regarding miscible flammable compounds
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2018Co-Authors: Sergio Da Cunha, Vincent Gerbaud, Nataliya Shcherbakova, H.-j. LiawAbstract:Abstract Flash Point is a major indicator on the study of fire and explosion hazards of liquid mixtures. Mixtures presenting a minimum Flash Point behavior are particularly dangerous. It has been shown before that minimum/maximum Flash Point mixtures could be related with azeotropic behavior under some conditions. Since the 70's a classification of ternary azeotropic mixtures has been developed based on the topological properties of residue curve maps arising from the simple evaporation equilibrium model. In this paper we show that such a general classification also exists for Flash Point diagram of miscible flammable compound ternary mixtures and that it could help anticipate fire and explosion hazard in ternary mixtures. The demonstration is based on the construction of an auxiliary theoretical system under equilibrium equivalent to a non-equilibrium Flash Point system.
-
On the relation between azeotropic behavior and minimum / maximum Flash Point occurrences in binary mixtures of flammable compounds
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2017Co-Authors: Sergio Da Cunha, H.-j. Liaw, Vincent GerbaudAbstract:The Flash Point temperature and the boiling temperature of a mixture are related by the fact that both can be modeled based on vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of each component. It has been suggested in the literature that there might exist a concomitance between azeotropic behavior and minimum/maximum Flash Point temperature for binary mixtures. In order to verify this statement, we derive new temperature dependent functions that relate the conditions valid for azeotropic behavior and those valid for minimum/maximum Flash Point behavior. Analysis of experimental data and predicted results allowed us to propose a heuristic to forecast extremum Flash Point based on the sole knowledge of azeotropic data and boiling and Flash Point temperatures differences. Extremum Flash Point might occur when both components are flammable and when the gap between the Flash Point temperatures of individual components (ΔT_fp) is of the same order or smaller than the boiling temperature gap (ΔT_b). Hence, we contribute to the assessment of the fire and explosion hazards in binary mixtures eventually presenting a minimum Flash Point behavior
-
on the relation between azeotropic behavior and minimum maximum Flash Point occurrences in binary mixtures of flammable compounds
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2017Co-Authors: Sergio Da Cunha, H.-j. Liaw, Vincent GerbaudAbstract:The Flash Point temperature and the boiling temperature of a mixture are related by the fact that both can be modeled based on vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of each component. It has been suggested in the literature that there might exist a concomitance between azeotropic behavior and minimum/maximum Flash Point temperature for binary mixtures. In order to verify this statement, we derive new temperature dependent functions that relate the conditions valid for azeotropic behavior and those valid for minimum/maximum Flash Point behavior. Analysis of experimental data and predicted results allowed us to propose a heuristic to forecast extremum Flash Point based on the sole knowledge of azeotropic data and boiling and Flash Point temperatures differences. Extremum Flash Point might occur when both components are flammable and when the gap between the Flash Point temperatures of individual components (ΔT_fp) is of the same order or smaller than the boiling temperature gap (ΔT_b). Hence, we contribute to the assessment of the fire and explosion hazards in binary mixtures eventually presenting a minimum Flash Point behavior
-
Prediction of Miscible Mixtures Flash-Point from UNIFAC group contribution methods
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2011Co-Authors: H.-j. Liaw, Vincent GerbaudAbstract:Abstract Flash Point is one of the most important variables used to characterize fire and explosion hazard of liquids. This paper predicts the Flash Point of miscible mixtures by using the Flash Point prediction model of Liaw and Chiu (J. Hazard. Mater. 137 (2006) 38–46) handling non-ideal behavior through liquid phase activity coefficients evaluated with UNIFAC-type models, which do not need experimentally regressed binary parameters. Validation of this entirely predictive model is conclusive with the experimental data over the entire flammable composition range for twenty four flammable solvents and aqueous–organic binary and ternary mixtures, ideal mixtures as well as Raoult's law negative or positive deviation mixtures. All the binary-mixture types, which are known to date, have been included in the validated samples. It is also noticed that the greater the deviation from Raoult's law, the higher the probability for a mixture to exhibit extreme (minimum or maximum) Flash Point behavior, provided that the pure compound Flash Point difference is not too large. Overall, the modified UNIFAC-Dortmund 93 is recommended, due to its good predictive capability and more completed database of binary interaction parameters. Potential application for this approach concerns the classification of flammable liquid mixtures in the implementation of GHS.
-
Flash-Point Measurements and Modeling for Ternary Partially Miscible Aqueous-Organic Mixtures
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2010Co-Authors: H.-j. Liaw, Vincent GerbaudAbstract:Flash Point is the most important variable used to characterize the fire and explosion hazard of liquids. This paper presents the first partially miscible aqueous−organic mixtures Flash-Point measurements and modeling for the ternary type-I mixtures, water + ethanol + 1-butanol and water + ethanol + 2-butanol, and the type-II mixture, water + 1-butanol + 2-butanol. Results reveal that the Flash Points are constant in each tie line. Handling the nonideality of the liquid phase through the use of activity coefficient models, the general Flash-Point model of Liaw et al. extended to partially miscible mixtures predicts the experimental data well when using literature liquid−liquid equilibria (LLE) and the vapor−liquid equilibria (VLE) activity coefficient model binary parameters to estimate sequentially the span and Flash Point in each tie line and the Flash Point in the mutual solubility region, respectively. The constant Flash-Point behavior in a tie line is also observed and predicted, in agreement with th...
Zarringhalam A Moghaddam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
measurement and calculation of Flash Point of binary aqueous organic and organic organic solutions
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2011Co-Authors: Tooraj Khalili, Zarringhalam A MoghaddamAbstract:Abstract Flash Point for binary systems, pentan-1-ol + water, cyclohexanone + water, pentan-1-ol + cyclohexanone, pentan-1-ol + 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, were measured using the tag close cup apparatus by equilibrium test method. First two systems were partially miscible and the other two were completely miscible. In this study attempt has been made to extend Liaw et al. algorithm for calculation of the Flash Point of both miscible and partial miscible mixtures. The proposed algorithm was evaluated with experimental data for both miscible and partial miscible mixtures. The results show good compatibility for both aqueous–organic and organic–organic solutions Flash Point calculation.
Tsungpin Tsai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Flash Point estimation for binary partially miscible mixtures of flammable solvents by unifac group contribution methods
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2014Co-Authors: H.-j. Liaw, Tsungpin TsaiAbstract:Abstract The Flash Points of binary partially miscible mixtures of flammable solvents were estimated using the Flash Point prediction model of Liaw et al. (2010) [18] handling liquid phase non-ideality through UNIFAC-type models, which do not need experimentally regressed binary parameters. This predictive model was validated by the experimental data over the entire composition range of seven mixtures. The model described the experimental Flash Point data well, with the exception of the region close to the span of the two-liquid-phase region nearing the high boiling-Point compound of the mixtures because the estimation error in such a span resulted from poor predictive capability of the modified LLE UNIFAC parameters when using VLLE models to estimate the activity coefficient. Because of nonexistence of the disadvantage of VLLE model and superior predictive capability, a model based upon the VLE UNIFAC parameters provided accurate Flash Point predictions for binary partially miscible mixtures of flammable solvents, as revealed by comparison between predicted and experimental data. In addition, the Flash Point behaviors for two different types of partially miscible mixtures of flammable solvents are discussed.
Tooraj Khalili - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Assessing prediction models on calculating the Flash Point of organic acid, ketone and alcohol mixtures
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2012Co-Authors: Abdolsamad Zarringhalam Moghaddam, Amin Rafiei, Tooraj KhaliliAbstract:Abstract Flash Point of six flammable binary mixtures, acetic acid + Pentan-1-ol, Pentan-1-ol + n-hexanol, acetic acid + n-hexanol, acetic acid + cyclohexanon, Pentan-1-ol + cyclohexanon, n-hexanol + cyclohexanon and ternary mixture of acetic acid + n-hexanol + cyclohexanon were measured using the tag close cup apparatus by equilibrium test method. In this study attempt has been made to assess prediction models including Liaw model, Wickey model and Catoire model to calculate the Flash Point of these mixtures. UNIFAC model is employed in the mixture Flash Point predictions, in non ideal assumption. The results revealed that the Liaw et al. model can predict the Flash Point of studied mixtures with good accuracy. Also UNIFAC model when no experimental vapor–liquid equilibrium data are available is applicable for taking account non ideal assumptions in Flash Point calculations.
-
Measurement and calculation of Flash Point of binary aqueous–organic and organic–organic solutions
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2011Co-Authors: Tooraj Khalili, A. Zarringhalam MoghaddamAbstract:Abstract Flash Point for binary systems, pentan-1-ol + water, cyclohexanone + water, pentan-1-ol + cyclohexanone, pentan-1-ol + 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, were measured using the tag close cup apparatus by equilibrium test method. First two systems were partially miscible and the other two were completely miscible. In this study attempt has been made to extend Liaw et al. algorithm for calculation of the Flash Point of both miscible and partial miscible mixtures. The proposed algorithm was evaluated with experimental data for both miscible and partial miscible mixtures. The results show good compatibility for both aqueous–organic and organic–organic solutions Flash Point calculation.
-
measurement and calculation of Flash Point of binary aqueous organic and organic organic solutions
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2011Co-Authors: Tooraj Khalili, Zarringhalam A MoghaddamAbstract:Abstract Flash Point for binary systems, pentan-1-ol + water, cyclohexanone + water, pentan-1-ol + cyclohexanone, pentan-1-ol + 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, were measured using the tag close cup apparatus by equilibrium test method. First two systems were partially miscible and the other two were completely miscible. In this study attempt has been made to extend Liaw et al. algorithm for calculation of the Flash Point of both miscible and partial miscible mixtures. The proposed algorithm was evaluated with experimental data for both miscible and partial miscible mixtures. The results show good compatibility for both aqueous–organic and organic–organic solutions Flash Point calculation.