The Experts below are selected from a list of 48 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Akua Asaawuku - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • investigation of the effect of mid and high level ethanol blends on the particulate and the mobile source air toxic emissions from a gasoline direct injection flex Fuel Vehicle
    Energy & Fuels, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jiacheng Yang, Patrick Roth, Thomas D Durbin, Kent C Johnson, Akua Asaawuku
    Abstract:

    This study examined the influence of low-, mid-, and high-ethanol Fueling, as well as the influence of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the Fuel blend, on the regulated and greenhouse gas emissions, the mobile source air toxic pollutants, and the particulate emissions from a current model Flexible Fuel Vehicle equipped with a gasoline direct injection engine. This study utilized a total of four Fuels, including a baseline U.S. EPA Tier 3 E10 Fuel, one E10 Fuel with higher aromatics content than the baseline E10, an E30 Fuel that was splash-blended with the Tier 3 E10, and an E78 Fuel. Testing was conducted over triplicate cold-start and hot-start LA92 cycles. The findings of this study showed that the higher ethanol blends, namely, the E30 and E78, led to statistically significant reductions of 9%–13% for total hydrocarbon (THC), 13%–44% for non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), 20%–35% for carbon monoxide (CO), and 17%–36% for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions compared to the high-aromatics E10 Fuel. The emissions o...

Thomas D Durbin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • investigation of the effect of mid and high level ethanol blends on the particulate and the mobile source air toxic emissions from a gasoline direct injection flex Fuel Vehicle
    Energy & Fuels, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jiacheng Yang, Patrick Roth, Thomas D Durbin, Kent C Johnson, Akua Asaawuku
    Abstract:

    This study examined the influence of low-, mid-, and high-ethanol Fueling, as well as the influence of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the Fuel blend, on the regulated and greenhouse gas emissions, the mobile source air toxic pollutants, and the particulate emissions from a current model Flexible Fuel Vehicle equipped with a gasoline direct injection engine. This study utilized a total of four Fuels, including a baseline U.S. EPA Tier 3 E10 Fuel, one E10 Fuel with higher aromatics content than the baseline E10, an E30 Fuel that was splash-blended with the Tier 3 E10, and an E78 Fuel. Testing was conducted over triplicate cold-start and hot-start LA92 cycles. The findings of this study showed that the higher ethanol blends, namely, the E30 and E78, led to statistically significant reductions of 9%–13% for total hydrocarbon (THC), 13%–44% for non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), 20%–35% for carbon monoxide (CO), and 17%–36% for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions compared to the high-aromatics E10 Fuel. The emissions o...

  • Investigation of the Effect of Mid- And High-Level Ethanol Blends on the Particulate and the Mobile Source Air Toxic Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Flex Fuel Vehicle
    2018
    Co-Authors: Jiacheng Yang, Patrick Roth, Thomas D Durbin, Kent C Johnson, Akua Asa-awuku, David R. Cocker, Georgios Karavalakis
    Abstract:

    This study examined the influence of low-, mid-, and high-ethanol Fueling, as well as the influence of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the Fuel blend, on the regulated and greenhouse gas emissions, the mobile source air toxic pollutants, and the particulate emissions from a current model Flexible Fuel Vehicle equipped with a gasoline direct injection engine. This study utilized a total of four Fuels, including a baseline U.S. EPA Tier 3 E10 Fuel, one E10 Fuel with higher aromatics content than the baseline E10, an E30 Fuel that was splash-blended with the Tier 3 E10, and an E78 Fuel. Testing was conducted over triplicate cold-start and hot-start LA92 cycles. The findings of this study showed that the higher ethanol blends, namely, the E30 and E78, led to statistically significant reductions of 9%–13% for total hydrocarbon (THC), 13%–44% for non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), 20%–35% for carbon monoxide (CO), and 17%–36% for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions compared to the high-aromatics E10 Fuel. The emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) for the high-aromatics E10 were higher than the Tier 3 E10, E30, and E78 blends. A Fuel economy penalty was also observed for lower energy content E30 and E78 blends compared to both E10 Fuels. Particulate matter (PM) mass, black carbon, and total and solid particle number emissions showed statistically significant reductions for the E30 and E78 Fuels compared to both E10 Fuels. Results also showed that the high PM index/high-aromatics E10 produced more particulate emissions than the low PM index E10, as well as higher populations of accumulation (soot) mode particles. Acetaldehyde formation was favored by the higher ethanol content in the Fuel, resulting in significant increases compared to both E10 Fuels. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) emissions enhanced their formation with the high-aromatics E10, whereas the use of E30 and E78 Fuels showed important reductions in BTEX emissions

  • impacts of ethanol Fuel level on emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants from a fleet of gasoline light duty Vehicles
    Fuel, 2012
    Co-Authors: Georgios Karavalakis, Thomas D Durbin, Manish Shrivastava, Zhongqing Zheng, Mark Villela, Heejung Jung
    Abstract:

    Abstract The study investigated the impact of ethanol blends on criteria emissions (THC, NMHC, CO, NOx), greenhouse gas (CO2), and a suite of unregulated pollutants in a fleet of gasoline-powered light-duty Vehicles. The Vehicles ranged in model year from 1984 to 2007 and included one Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV). Emission and Fuel consumption measurements were performed in duplicate or triplicate over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) driving cycle using a chassis dynamometer for four Fuels in each of seven Vehicles. The test Fuels included a CARB phase 2 certification Fuel with 11% MTBE content, a CARB phase 3 certification Fuel with a 5.7% ethanol content, and E10, E20, E50, and E85 Fuels. In most cases, THC and NMHC emissions were lower with the ethanol blends, while the use of E85 resulted in increases of THC and NMHC for the FFV. CO emissions were lower with ethanol blends for all Vehicles and significantly decreased for earlier model Vehicles. Results for NOx emissions were mixed, with some older Vehicles showing increases with increasing ethanol level, while other Vehicles showed either no impact or a slight, but not statistically significant, decrease. CO2 emissions did not show any significant trends. Fuel economy showed decreasing trends with increasing ethanol content in later model Vehicles. There was also a consistent trend of increasing acetaldehyde emissions with increasing ethanol level, but other carbonyls did not show strong trends. The use of E85 resulted in significantly higher formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions than the specification Fuels or other ethanol blends. BTEX and 1,3-butadiene emissions were lower with ethanol blends compared to the CARB 2 Fuel, and were almost undetectable from the E85 Fuel. The largest contribution to total carbonyls and other toxics was during the cold-start phase of FTP.

Jiacheng Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • investigation of the effect of mid and high level ethanol blends on the particulate and the mobile source air toxic emissions from a gasoline direct injection flex Fuel Vehicle
    Energy & Fuels, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jiacheng Yang, Patrick Roth, Thomas D Durbin, Kent C Johnson, Akua Asaawuku
    Abstract:

    This study examined the influence of low-, mid-, and high-ethanol Fueling, as well as the influence of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the Fuel blend, on the regulated and greenhouse gas emissions, the mobile source air toxic pollutants, and the particulate emissions from a current model Flexible Fuel Vehicle equipped with a gasoline direct injection engine. This study utilized a total of four Fuels, including a baseline U.S. EPA Tier 3 E10 Fuel, one E10 Fuel with higher aromatics content than the baseline E10, an E30 Fuel that was splash-blended with the Tier 3 E10, and an E78 Fuel. Testing was conducted over triplicate cold-start and hot-start LA92 cycles. The findings of this study showed that the higher ethanol blends, namely, the E30 and E78, led to statistically significant reductions of 9%–13% for total hydrocarbon (THC), 13%–44% for non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), 20%–35% for carbon monoxide (CO), and 17%–36% for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions compared to the high-aromatics E10 Fuel. The emissions o...

  • Investigation of the Effect of Mid- And High-Level Ethanol Blends on the Particulate and the Mobile Source Air Toxic Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Flex Fuel Vehicle
    2018
    Co-Authors: Jiacheng Yang, Patrick Roth, Thomas D Durbin, Kent C Johnson, Akua Asa-awuku, David R. Cocker, Georgios Karavalakis
    Abstract:

    This study examined the influence of low-, mid-, and high-ethanol Fueling, as well as the influence of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the Fuel blend, on the regulated and greenhouse gas emissions, the mobile source air toxic pollutants, and the particulate emissions from a current model Flexible Fuel Vehicle equipped with a gasoline direct injection engine. This study utilized a total of four Fuels, including a baseline U.S. EPA Tier 3 E10 Fuel, one E10 Fuel with higher aromatics content than the baseline E10, an E30 Fuel that was splash-blended with the Tier 3 E10, and an E78 Fuel. Testing was conducted over triplicate cold-start and hot-start LA92 cycles. The findings of this study showed that the higher ethanol blends, namely, the E30 and E78, led to statistically significant reductions of 9%–13% for total hydrocarbon (THC), 13%–44% for non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), 20%–35% for carbon monoxide (CO), and 17%–36% for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions compared to the high-aromatics E10 Fuel. The emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) for the high-aromatics E10 were higher than the Tier 3 E10, E30, and E78 blends. A Fuel economy penalty was also observed for lower energy content E30 and E78 blends compared to both E10 Fuels. Particulate matter (PM) mass, black carbon, and total and solid particle number emissions showed statistically significant reductions for the E30 and E78 Fuels compared to both E10 Fuels. Results also showed that the high PM index/high-aromatics E10 produced more particulate emissions than the low PM index E10, as well as higher populations of accumulation (soot) mode particles. Acetaldehyde formation was favored by the higher ethanol content in the Fuel, resulting in significant increases compared to both E10 Fuels. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) emissions enhanced their formation with the high-aromatics E10, whereas the use of E30 and E78 Fuels showed important reductions in BTEX emissions

Kent C Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • investigation of the effect of mid and high level ethanol blends on the particulate and the mobile source air toxic emissions from a gasoline direct injection flex Fuel Vehicle
    Energy & Fuels, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jiacheng Yang, Patrick Roth, Thomas D Durbin, Kent C Johnson, Akua Asaawuku
    Abstract:

    This study examined the influence of low-, mid-, and high-ethanol Fueling, as well as the influence of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the Fuel blend, on the regulated and greenhouse gas emissions, the mobile source air toxic pollutants, and the particulate emissions from a current model Flexible Fuel Vehicle equipped with a gasoline direct injection engine. This study utilized a total of four Fuels, including a baseline U.S. EPA Tier 3 E10 Fuel, one E10 Fuel with higher aromatics content than the baseline E10, an E30 Fuel that was splash-blended with the Tier 3 E10, and an E78 Fuel. Testing was conducted over triplicate cold-start and hot-start LA92 cycles. The findings of this study showed that the higher ethanol blends, namely, the E30 and E78, led to statistically significant reductions of 9%–13% for total hydrocarbon (THC), 13%–44% for non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), 20%–35% for carbon monoxide (CO), and 17%–36% for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions compared to the high-aromatics E10 Fuel. The emissions o...

  • Investigation of the Effect of Mid- And High-Level Ethanol Blends on the Particulate and the Mobile Source Air Toxic Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Flex Fuel Vehicle
    2018
    Co-Authors: Jiacheng Yang, Patrick Roth, Thomas D Durbin, Kent C Johnson, Akua Asa-awuku, David R. Cocker, Georgios Karavalakis
    Abstract:

    This study examined the influence of low-, mid-, and high-ethanol Fueling, as well as the influence of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the Fuel blend, on the regulated and greenhouse gas emissions, the mobile source air toxic pollutants, and the particulate emissions from a current model Flexible Fuel Vehicle equipped with a gasoline direct injection engine. This study utilized a total of four Fuels, including a baseline U.S. EPA Tier 3 E10 Fuel, one E10 Fuel with higher aromatics content than the baseline E10, an E30 Fuel that was splash-blended with the Tier 3 E10, and an E78 Fuel. Testing was conducted over triplicate cold-start and hot-start LA92 cycles. The findings of this study showed that the higher ethanol blends, namely, the E30 and E78, led to statistically significant reductions of 9%–13% for total hydrocarbon (THC), 13%–44% for non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), 20%–35% for carbon monoxide (CO), and 17%–36% for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions compared to the high-aromatics E10 Fuel. The emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) for the high-aromatics E10 were higher than the Tier 3 E10, E30, and E78 blends. A Fuel economy penalty was also observed for lower energy content E30 and E78 blends compared to both E10 Fuels. Particulate matter (PM) mass, black carbon, and total and solid particle number emissions showed statistically significant reductions for the E30 and E78 Fuels compared to both E10 Fuels. Results also showed that the high PM index/high-aromatics E10 produced more particulate emissions than the low PM index E10, as well as higher populations of accumulation (soot) mode particles. Acetaldehyde formation was favored by the higher ethanol content in the Fuel, resulting in significant increases compared to both E10 Fuels. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) emissions enhanced their formation with the high-aromatics E10, whereas the use of E30 and E78 Fuels showed important reductions in BTEX emissions

Patrick Roth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • investigation of the effect of mid and high level ethanol blends on the particulate and the mobile source air toxic emissions from a gasoline direct injection flex Fuel Vehicle
    Energy & Fuels, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jiacheng Yang, Patrick Roth, Thomas D Durbin, Kent C Johnson, Akua Asaawuku
    Abstract:

    This study examined the influence of low-, mid-, and high-ethanol Fueling, as well as the influence of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the Fuel blend, on the regulated and greenhouse gas emissions, the mobile source air toxic pollutants, and the particulate emissions from a current model Flexible Fuel Vehicle equipped with a gasoline direct injection engine. This study utilized a total of four Fuels, including a baseline U.S. EPA Tier 3 E10 Fuel, one E10 Fuel with higher aromatics content than the baseline E10, an E30 Fuel that was splash-blended with the Tier 3 E10, and an E78 Fuel. Testing was conducted over triplicate cold-start and hot-start LA92 cycles. The findings of this study showed that the higher ethanol blends, namely, the E30 and E78, led to statistically significant reductions of 9%–13% for total hydrocarbon (THC), 13%–44% for non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), 20%–35% for carbon monoxide (CO), and 17%–36% for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions compared to the high-aromatics E10 Fuel. The emissions o...

  • Investigation of the Effect of Mid- And High-Level Ethanol Blends on the Particulate and the Mobile Source Air Toxic Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Flex Fuel Vehicle
    2018
    Co-Authors: Jiacheng Yang, Patrick Roth, Thomas D Durbin, Kent C Johnson, Akua Asa-awuku, David R. Cocker, Georgios Karavalakis
    Abstract:

    This study examined the influence of low-, mid-, and high-ethanol Fueling, as well as the influence of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the Fuel blend, on the regulated and greenhouse gas emissions, the mobile source air toxic pollutants, and the particulate emissions from a current model Flexible Fuel Vehicle equipped with a gasoline direct injection engine. This study utilized a total of four Fuels, including a baseline U.S. EPA Tier 3 E10 Fuel, one E10 Fuel with higher aromatics content than the baseline E10, an E30 Fuel that was splash-blended with the Tier 3 E10, and an E78 Fuel. Testing was conducted over triplicate cold-start and hot-start LA92 cycles. The findings of this study showed that the higher ethanol blends, namely, the E30 and E78, led to statistically significant reductions of 9%–13% for total hydrocarbon (THC), 13%–44% for non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), 20%–35% for carbon monoxide (CO), and 17%–36% for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions compared to the high-aromatics E10 Fuel. The emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) for the high-aromatics E10 were higher than the Tier 3 E10, E30, and E78 blends. A Fuel economy penalty was also observed for lower energy content E30 and E78 blends compared to both E10 Fuels. Particulate matter (PM) mass, black carbon, and total and solid particle number emissions showed statistically significant reductions for the E30 and E78 Fuels compared to both E10 Fuels. Results also showed that the high PM index/high-aromatics E10 produced more particulate emissions than the low PM index E10, as well as higher populations of accumulation (soot) mode particles. Acetaldehyde formation was favored by the higher ethanol content in the Fuel, resulting in significant increases compared to both E10 Fuels. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) emissions enhanced their formation with the high-aromatics E10, whereas the use of E30 and E78 Fuels showed important reductions in BTEX emissions