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Mahen Mahendran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • behaviour of lsf Floor systems with improved Joist sections under fire conditions
    Science & Engineering Faculty, 2014
    Co-Authors: Varathananthan Jatheeshan, Mahen Mahendran
    Abstract:

    Fire safety design of buildings is essential to safeguard lives and minimize the loss of damage to properties. Light-weight cold-formed steel channel sections along with fire resistive plasterboards are used to construct light gauge steel frame Floor systems to provide the required fire resistance rating. However, simply adding more plasterboard layers is not an efficient method to increase FRR. Hence this research focuses on using Joists with improved Joist section profiles such as hollow flange sections to increase the structural capacity of Floor systems under fire conditions and thus their FRR. In this research, the structural and thermal behaviour of LSF Floor systems made of LiteSteel Beams with different plasterboard and insulation configurations was investigated using four full scale tests under standard fires. Based on the ultimate failure load of the Floor Joist at ambient temperature, transient state fire tests were conducted for different Load Ratios. These fire tests showed that the new LSF Floor system has improved the FRR well above that of those made of lipped channel sections. The Joist failure was predominantly due to local buckling of LSB compression flanges near mid-span with severe yielding of tension flanges. Fire tests have provided valuable structural and thermal performance data of tested Floor systems that included time-temperature profiles, and failure times and temperatures. Average failure temperatures of LSB Joists and reduced yield strengths were used to predict their ultimate moment capacities, which were compared with corresponding test capacities. This allowed an assessment in relation to the accuracy of current design rules for steel Joists at elevated temperatures. This paper presents the details of full scale fire tests of LSF Floor systems made of LSB Joists with different plasterboard and insulation configurations and their results along with some important findings.

  • Member moment capacities of mono-symmetric LiteSteel Beam Floor Joists with web openings
    Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mahen Mahendran
    Abstract:

    Abstract Recently developed cold-formed LiteSteel Beam (LSB) sections have found increasing popularity in residential, industrial and commercial buildings due to their light weight and cost-effectiveness. Another beneficial characteristic is that they allow torsionally rigid rectangular flanges to be combined with economical fabrication processes. Currently, there is significant interest in the use of LSB sections as flexural members in Floor Joist systems. When used as Floor Joists, these sections require openings in the web to provide access for inspection and other services. At present, however, there is no design method available that provides accurate predictions of the moment capacities of LSBs with web openings. This paper presents the results of an investigation of the buckling and ultimate strength behaviour of LSB flexural members with web openings. A detailed fine element analysis (FEA)-based parametric study was conducted with the aim of developing appropriate design rules and making recommendations for the safe design of LSB Floor Joists. The results include the required moment capacity curves for LSB sections with a range of web opening combinations and spans and the development of appropriate design rules for the prediction of the ultimate moment capacities of LSBs with web openings.

  • Shear behaviour and strength of LiteSteel Beams with web openings
    Science & Engineering Faculty, 2012
    Co-Authors: Keerthan Poologanathan, Mahen Mahendran
    Abstract:

    Abstract: The LiteSteel Beam (LSB) is a new cold-formed steel hollow flange channel beam recently developed in Australia. It is commonly used as a Floor Joist or bearer in buildings. Current practice in Flooring systems is to include openings in the web element of Floor Joists or bearers so that building services can be located within them. Shear behaviour of LSBs with web openings is more complicated while their shear strengths are considerably reduced by the presence of web openings. However, no research has been undertaken on the shear behaviour and strength of LSBs with web openings. Therefore a detailed experimental study involving 26 shear tests was undertaken on simply supported LSB test specimens with web openings and an aspect ratio of 1.5. This paper presents the details of this experimental study and the results of their shear capacities and behavioural characteristics. Experimental results showed that the current design rules in cold-formed steel structures design codes are very conservative for the shear design of LSBs with web openings. Improved design equations have been proposed for the shear strength of LSBs with web openings based on the experimental results from this study.

  • Shear Behaviour and Strength of LiteSteel Beams with Web Openings
    Advances in Structural Engineering, 2012
    Co-Authors: Poologanathan Keerthan, Mahen Mahendran
    Abstract:

    The LiteSteel Beam (LSB) is a new cold-formed steel hollow flange channel beam recently developed in Australia. It is commonly used as a Floor Joist or bearer in buildings. Current practice in Flooring systems is to include openings in the web element of Floor Joists or bearers so that building services can be located within them. Shear behaviour of LSBs with web openings is more complicated while their shear strengths are considerably reduced by the presence of web openings. However, no research has been undertaken on the shear behaviour and strength of LSBs with web openings. Therefore a detailed experimental study involving 26 shear tests was undertaken on simply supported LSB test specimens with web openings and an aspect ratio of 1.5. This paper presents the details of this experimental study and the results of their shear capacities and behavioural characteristics. Experimental results showed that the current design rules in cold-formed steel structures design codes are very conservative for the she...

  • plastic bending behaviour and section moment capacities of mono symmetric litesteel beams with web openings
    Thin-walled Structures, 2011
    Co-Authors: Mahen Mahendran
    Abstract:

    Recently developed cold-formed LiteSteel beam (LSB) sections have found increasing popularity in residential, industrial and commercial buildings due to their light weight and cost-effectiveness. Currently, there is significant interest in the use of LSB sections as flexural members in Floor Joist systems, although they can be used as flexural and compression members in a range of building systems. The plastic bending behaviour and section moment capacity of LSB sections with web holes can be assumed to differ from those without, but have yet to be investigated. Hence, no appropriate design rules for determining the section moment capacity of LSB sections with web holes are yet available. This paper presents the results of an investigation of the plastic bending behaviour and section moment capacity of LSB sections with circular web holes. LSB sections with varying circular hole diameters and degrees of spacing were considered. The paper also describes the simplified finite element (FE) modelling technique employed in this study, which incorporates all of the significant behavioural effects that influence the plastic bending behaviour and section moment capacity of these sections. The numerical and experimental test results and associated findings are also presented.

Trevor R.t. Nightingale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Flanking sound transmission in wood‐framed construction
    Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2000
    Co-Authors: Trevor R.t. Nightingale, R.e. Halliwell, David Quirt
    Abstract:

    This paper presents results from the first phase of a project to characterize flanking sound transmission at wall/Floor junctions in wood‐framed constructions suitable for multifamily residential buildings. This phase of the study focused on the junction between a wood Joist Floor and a separating wall with two rows of 38×89‐mm studs. The objective of the study was to identify details that simultaneously provide good noise control and fire resistance. This paper presents the experimental approach and key results from the acoustical measurements. In addition to comparing how five common fire control solutions for the Floor/wall junction affect the airborne and impact sound transmission, several generic retrofit modifications to reduce the structural noise transmission were tested. Parameters studied included the Floor‐Joist orientation (parallel or perpendicular to the separating party wall), and the type of subFloor (plywood or oriented strand board). The study has shown that suitable details can provide ...

  • Vibration transmission at Floor/Joist connections in wood frame buildings
    Canadian Acoustics, 1999
    Co-Authors: Ivan Bosmans, Trevor R.t. Nightingale
    Abstract:

    Floors in wood frame buildings usually consist of a number of Oriented Strand Board (OSB) sheets supported by a series of parallel wood Joists. The OSB subFloor is connected to the Joists by a number of equally spaced screws. When predicting flanking transmission in wood frame buildings using statistical energy analysis (SEA), two issues need to be addressed. Firstly, one needs to determine whether the Joist should be treated as a beam or as a plate strip. Secondly, the frequency dependent behaviour of the Joist/Floor connection should be characterized. Both topics will be discussed in the following paragraphs, which deal with structure-borne sound transmission in the direction normal to the Joists.

  • structure borne sound transmission at Floor Joist connections in wood frame buildings
    Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1999
    Co-Authors: Ivan Bosmans, Trevor R.t. Nightingale
    Abstract:

    The overall sound transmission in wood frame buildings is largely affected by flanking transmission involving the structural members of the building. Due to the inhomogeneous and anisotropic nature of the building components, as well as the difficulty of modeling the structural connections, theoretical predictions of flanking transmission are characterized by a considerable uncertainty. This paper investigates structure‐borne sound transmission at plate/beam junctions which are typical of Floors in wood frame buildings. The aim of this study is to gain a better insight into the dynamic behavior of the Floor assembly and to improve the accuracy of the theoretical predictions of vibrational energy flow through Floors. For this purpose, measurements are carried out on a small Floor section for various coupling conditions of the Joists. By varying the number of fasteners used to attach the Joist to the plate, frequency ranges are identified where the junction behaves as a line connection or as a series of loc...

  • Structure‐borne sound transmission at Floor/Joist connections in wood frame buildings
    Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1999
    Co-Authors: Ivan Bosmans, Trevor R.t. Nightingale
    Abstract:

    The overall sound transmission in wood frame buildings is largely affected by flanking transmission involving the structural members of the building. Due to the inhomogeneous and anisotropic nature of the building components, as well as the difficulty of modeling the structural connections, theoretical predictions of flanking transmission are characterized by a considerable uncertainty. This paper investigates structure‐borne sound transmission at plate/beam junctions which are typical of Floors in wood frame buildings. The aim of this study is to gain a better insight into the dynamic behavior of the Floor assembly and to improve the accuracy of the theoretical predictions of vibrational energy flow through Floors. For this purpose, measurements are carried out on a small Floor section for various coupling conditions of the Joists. By varying the number of fasteners used to attach the Joist to the plate, frequency ranges are identified where the junction behaves as a line connection or as a series of loc...

Ivan Bosmans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Vibration transmission at Floor/Joist connections in wood frame buildings
    Canadian Acoustics, 1999
    Co-Authors: Ivan Bosmans, Trevor R.t. Nightingale
    Abstract:

    Floors in wood frame buildings usually consist of a number of Oriented Strand Board (OSB) sheets supported by a series of parallel wood Joists. The OSB subFloor is connected to the Joists by a number of equally spaced screws. When predicting flanking transmission in wood frame buildings using statistical energy analysis (SEA), two issues need to be addressed. Firstly, one needs to determine whether the Joist should be treated as a beam or as a plate strip. Secondly, the frequency dependent behaviour of the Joist/Floor connection should be characterized. Both topics will be discussed in the following paragraphs, which deal with structure-borne sound transmission in the direction normal to the Joists.

  • structure borne sound transmission at Floor Joist connections in wood frame buildings
    Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1999
    Co-Authors: Ivan Bosmans, Trevor R.t. Nightingale
    Abstract:

    The overall sound transmission in wood frame buildings is largely affected by flanking transmission involving the structural members of the building. Due to the inhomogeneous and anisotropic nature of the building components, as well as the difficulty of modeling the structural connections, theoretical predictions of flanking transmission are characterized by a considerable uncertainty. This paper investigates structure‐borne sound transmission at plate/beam junctions which are typical of Floors in wood frame buildings. The aim of this study is to gain a better insight into the dynamic behavior of the Floor assembly and to improve the accuracy of the theoretical predictions of vibrational energy flow through Floors. For this purpose, measurements are carried out on a small Floor section for various coupling conditions of the Joists. By varying the number of fasteners used to attach the Joist to the plate, frequency ranges are identified where the junction behaves as a line connection or as a series of loc...

  • Structure‐borne sound transmission at Floor/Joist connections in wood frame buildings
    Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1999
    Co-Authors: Ivan Bosmans, Trevor R.t. Nightingale
    Abstract:

    The overall sound transmission in wood frame buildings is largely affected by flanking transmission involving the structural members of the building. Due to the inhomogeneous and anisotropic nature of the building components, as well as the difficulty of modeling the structural connections, theoretical predictions of flanking transmission are characterized by a considerable uncertainty. This paper investigates structure‐borne sound transmission at plate/beam junctions which are typical of Floors in wood frame buildings. The aim of this study is to gain a better insight into the dynamic behavior of the Floor assembly and to improve the accuracy of the theoretical predictions of vibrational energy flow through Floors. For this purpose, measurements are carried out on a small Floor section for various coupling conditions of the Joists. By varying the number of fasteners used to attach the Joist to the plate, frequency ranges are identified where the junction behaves as a line connection or as a series of loc...

Ben Young - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Design of Channels Subjected to Concentrated Bearing Load
    2015
    Co-Authors: Ben Young, Gregory J. Hancock
    Abstract:

    A test program on cold-formed steel channels subjected to concentrated bearing load is presented in this paper. The web slenderness values of the channel specimens ranged from comparatively stocky webs of 15.3 to relatively more slender webs of 62.7. The tests were performed under end and interior loading conditions, and the test setup was different from the one specified in the North American Specification and the AustralianlNew Zealand Standard for cold-formed steel structures where the loading support is assumed free to rotate in the plane of the beam. The test specimens were seated on a fixed flat solid steel base plate, and a concentrated load was applied through a bearing plate to the top flange of the channels. The test setup closely simulated the Floor Joist members subjected to concentrated load. The test strengths are compared with the design strengths obtained using the North American Specification and the Australian/New Zealand Standard. It is concluded that the design strengths predicted by the North American Specification are generally conservative for endtwo-flange and interior-two-flange loadings, and these design rules are shown to be reliable using reliability analysis. However, the design strengths predicted by the AustralianlNew Zealand Standard that is similar to the American Iron and Steel Institute Specification are generally unconservative.

  • Tests and Design of Aluminum Tubular Sections Subjected to Concentrated Bearing Load
    Journal of Structural Engineering-asce, 2009
    Co-Authors: Feng Zhou, Ben Young, Xiao Ling Zhao
    Abstract:

    This paper presents a series of tests on high strength aluminum square hollow sections subjected to concentrated bearing load. A total of 64 web-bearing tests was conducted. The test specimens were fabricated by extrusion using 6061-T6 heat-treated aluminum alloy. The tests were carried out under end and interior loading conditions, where the specimens were seated on a fixed solid steel base plate. These tests closely simulated the support condition of the Floor Joist members seated on solid foundation. The test results were compared with the design strengths obtained using the American Aluminum Design Manual and European code for aluminum structures. It was shown that the design strengths predicted by these codes are either quite conservative or unconservative. Furthermore, the Australian Standard AS4100 and British Standard BS5950 Part 1 were used for aluminum square hollow section with sharp corners. The design rules of steel codes were modified to predict the web-bearing strength based on this study. ...

  • Web Crippling of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Tubular Sections
    Advances in Structural Engineering, 2008
    Co-Authors: Feng Zhou, Ben Young
    Abstract:

    Experimental and theoretical investigations on cold-formed stainless steel tubular sections subjected to web crippling performed by the authors are summarized in this paper. The web crippling test results of cold-formed stainless steel tubular sections subjected to four loading conditions specified in the American and the Australian/New Zealand specifications are presented in this paper. Moreover, web crippling tests conducted under end and interior loading conditions to simulate a Floor Joist member seated on a solid foundation subjected to a concentrated load are also reported, and these loading conditions are not currently specified in the specifications. All of these test results are compared with the design strengths obtained using the American, the Australian/New Zealand and the European specifications for cold-formed stainless steel members as well as the North American specification for cold-formed carbon steel structural members. It is shown that the design strengths predicted by these specificat...

  • Cold-Formed Steel Channels Subjected to Concentrated Bearing Load
    Journal of Structural Engineering-asce, 2003
    Co-Authors: Ben Young, Gregory J. Hancock
    Abstract:

    A test program on cold-formed steel channels subjected to concentrated bearing load is presented in this paper. The web slenderness values of the channel specimens ranged from comparatively stocky webs of 15.3 to relatively more slender webs of 62.7. The tests were performed under end and interior loading conditions. The test setup was different from the one specified in the North American Specification and the Australian/New Zealand Standard for cold-formed steel structures where the loading support is assumed free to rotate in the plane of the beam. The test specimens were seated on a fixed flat solid steel base plate, and a concentrated load was applied through a bearing plate to the top flange of the channels. The test setup simulates a Floor Joist member subjected to concentrated load. The test strengths are compared with the design strengths obtained using the North American Specification and the Australian/New Zealand Standard. It is concluded that the design strengths predicted by the North American Specification are generally conservative for end-two-flange and interior-two-flange loadings, and these design rules are shown to be reliable using reliability analysis. However, the design strengths predicted by the Australian/New Zealand Standard, that is similar to the American Iron and Steel Institute Specification, are generally unconservative.

Bradley A. Evanoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Development of the St. Louis assessment of fall risks at residential construction sites running head: An assessment of residential construction fall risks
    International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2015
    Co-Authors: Vicki Kaskutas, Hester J. Lipscomb, Am Dale, Bradley A. Evanoff
    Abstract:

    We describe the development and pilot testing of the St. Louis Assessment of Fall Risks, a worksite audit to assess fall prevention safety practices on residential construction sites. Feedback from carpenters and safety instructors regarding work tasks associated with falls from heights as well as surveillance data were used to develop the audit instrument. Domains include general safety climate/housekeeping, Floor Joist/sub-Floor installation, walking surfaces/edges, wall openings, truss setting, roof sheathing, ladders, scaffolds, and personal fall arrest equipment. The audit was tested at sixteen residential construction sites documenting excellent inter-rater reliability (kappa = 0.93). Results suggest that the audit has good face and content validity and is a reliable instrument for measuring fall safety risks at residential construction sites. It is practical, easy, and safe to administer, making it a potentially useful instrument for field research as well as regular safety monitoring by foremen and crew.

  • Development of the St. Louis audit of fall risks at residential construction sites.
    International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2008
    Co-Authors: Vicki Kaskutas, Ann Marie Dale, Hester J. Lipscomb, Bradley A. Evanoff
    Abstract:

    AbstractWe describe the development and pilot testing of the St. Louis Assessment of Fall Risks, a worksite audit to assess fall prevention safety practices on residential construction sites. Surveillance data and feedback from carpenters and safety instructors regarding work tasks associated with falls from heights were used to develop the audit instrument. The audit focuses on the framing process, including general safety climate/housekeeping, Floor Joist/sub-Floor installation, walking surfaces/edges, wall openings, truss setting, roof sheathing, ladders, scaffolds, and personal fall arrest equipment. The audit was tested at sixteen residential construction sites, documenting excellent inter-rater reliability (kappa = 0.93). Results suggest that the audit has good face and content validity and is a reliable instrument for measuring fall safety risks at residential construction sites. It is practical, easy, and safe to administer, making it a potentially useful instrument for field research as well as r...