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Mingyu Han - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transcription profiles reveal the regulatory mechanisms of spur bud changes and Flower Induction in response to shoot bending in apple malus domestica borkh
Plant Molecular Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Libo Xing, Dong Zhang, Caiping Zhao, Mingyu Han, Xilong Chen, Juan ZhaoAbstract:Shoot bending, as an effective agronomic measure, has been widely used to promote Flowering in ‘Fuji’ apple trees. Here, we examined the transcriptional responses of genes in ‘Fuji’ apple buds at different Flowering stages under a shoot-bending treatment using RNA sequencing. A complex genetic crosstalk-regulated network, involving abscisic acid-related genes, starch metabolism and circadian rhythm-related genes, as well as stress response-related genes, was up-regulated by shoot bending, in which were contrbuted to apple Flower bud formation in response to shoot-bending conditions. Flower Induction plays an important role in the apple tree life cycle, but young trees produce fewer and inferior Flower buds. Shoot bending, as an effective agronomic measure, has been widely used to promote Flowering in ‘Fuji’ apple trees. However, little is known about the gene expression network patterns and molecular regulatory mechanisms caused by shoot bending during the induced Flowering. Here, we examined the transcriptional responses of genes in ‘Fuji’ apple buds at different Flowering stages under a shoot-bending treatment using RNA sequencing. A steady up-regulation of carbon metabolism-related genes led to relatively high levels of sucrose in early induced Flowering stages and starch accumulation during shoot bending. Additionally, global gene expression profiling determined that cytokinin, indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin synthesis and signalling-related genes were significantly regulated by shoot bending, contributing to cell division and differentiation, bud growth and Flower Induction. A complex genetic crosstalk-regulated network, involving abscisic acid-related genes, starch metabolism- and circadian rhythm-related genes, as well as stress response-related genes, was up-regulated by shoot bending. Additionally, some transcription factor family genes that were involved in sugar, abscisic acid and stress response signalling were significantly induced by shoot bending. These important Flowering genes, which were mainly involved in photoperiod, age and autonomous pathways, were up-regulated by shoot bending. Thus, a complex genetic network of regulatory mechanisms involved in sugar, hormone and stress response signalling pathways may mediate the Induction of apple tree Flowering in response to shoot-bending conditions.
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mediation of Flower Induction by gibberellin and its inhibitor paclobutrazol mrna and mirna integration comprises complex regulatory cross talk in apple
Plant and Cell Physiology, 2018Co-Authors: Sheng Fan, Dong Zhang, Kamran Shah, Cai Gao, Shuyuan Wan, Chao Lei, Jue Wang, Xiya Zuo, Feng Dong, Mingyu HanAbstract:Guaranteeing successful Flowering is very important in economic plant species, especially apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), which is difficult to induce to Flower. However, the gene expression and networks involved in Flowering have not been totally characterized. Here, we employed mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing to understand the different responses to gibberellin- and its inhibitor paclobutrazol- (PAC) mediated Flower Induction. Significant opposite cytological and morphological changes were observed in treated terminal buds, which led to a reduced Flowering rate under gibberellin and an increased Flowering rate under PAC. We also found that the differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs and miRNA target genes participated in different biological networks including hormones, photosynthesis, redox state and other metabolic processes, which provided important clues to understand the complex networks involved in apple Flower Induction. Additionally, we subsequently focused on one important candidate, MdSPL3, which is one of 31 apple SPL gene family members and whose transcription was inhibited by gibberellin but promoted by PAC. Functional investigation showed that MdSPL3 was located in the nucleus, and ectopic MdSPL3 activated floral meristem identity genes, promoted the formation of floral primordia and led to an earlier Flowering phenotype in Arabidopsis. Our research identified critical mRNA and miRNA responsive to gibberellin or PAC, and provided a candidate framework for Flower Induction. This carefully orchestrated regulatory cross-talk highlighted potential targets for developing regulatory techniques and genetic improvement of Flower Induction in apple.
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identification and characterization of histone modification gene family reveal their critical responses to Flower Induction in apple
BMC Plant Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Sheng Fan, Dong Zhang, Cai Gao, Chao Lei, Jue Wang, Yang Yang, Mingyu HanAbstract:Histone methylation and acetylation regulate biological processes in plants through various histone modifications (HMs) gene families. However, knowledge of HMs genes is limited in horticultural deciduous trees, including apple (Malus domestica). Here, a comprehensive study of identifying and investigating HMs genes was performed using the recently published apple genome. In total, 198 MdHMs were identified, including 71 histone methyltransferases, 44 histone demethylases, 57 histone acetylases, and 26 histone deacetylases. Detailed analysis of the MdHMs, including chromosomes locations, gene structures, protein motif and protein-protein interactions were performed, and their orthologous genes were also predicted against nine plant species. Meanwhile, a syntenic analysis revealed that tandem, segmental, and whole genome duplications were involved in the evolution and expansion of the MdHMs gene family. Most MdHMs underwent purifying selection. The expression profiles of 198 MdHMs were investigated in response to 6-BA treatment and different Flowering varieties (easy-Flowering ‘Yanfu No.6’ and difficult-Flowering ‘Nagafu No.2’) using transcriptome sequencing data, and most MdHMs were involved in Flower Induction processes. Subsequent quantitative real-time PCR was then performed to confirm the expression levels of candidate MdHMs under different Flowering-related circumstances. MdHMs were involved in, and responsive to, Flower Induction in apple. This study established an MdHMs platform that provided valuable information and presented enriched biological theories on Flower Induction in apple. The data could also be used to study the evolutionary history and functional prospects of MdHMs genes, as well as other trees.
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genome identification of b box gene family members in seven rosaceae species and their expression analysis in response to Flower Induction in malus domestica
Molecules, 2018Co-Authors: Abdullah Shalmani, Sheng Fan, Xiya Zuo, Feng Dong, Peng Jia, Izhar Muhammad, Rahat Sharif, Kunming Chen, Mingyu HanAbstract:BBX proteins play important roles in regulating plant growth and development including photomorphogenesis, photoperiodic regulation of Flowering, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. At present, the genomes of seven Rosaceae fruit species have been fully sequenced. However, little is known about the BBX gene family and their evolutionary history in these Rosaceae species. Therefore, in this study total, 212 BBX genes were investigated from seven Rosaceae species (67 from Malus × domestica, 40 from Pyruscommunis, 22 from Rosa Chinesis, 20 from Prunuspersica, 21 from Fragariavesca, 22 from Prunusavium, and 20 from Rubusoccidentalis). The chemical properties, gene structures, and evolutionary relationships of the BBX genes were also studied. All the BBX genes were grouped into six subfamilies on the basis of their phylogenetic relationships and structural features. Analysis of gene structure, segmental and tandem duplication, gene phylogeny, and tissue-specific expression with the ArrayExpress database showed their diversification in function, quantity, and structure. The expression profiles of 19 MdBBX genes in different tissues were evaluated through qRT-PCR. These genes showed distinct transcription level among the tested tissues (bud, Flower, fruit, stem, and leaf). Moreover, expression patterns of 19 MdBBX genes were examined during Flowering Induction time under Flowering-related hormones and treatments (GA3, 6-BA, and sucrose). The expressions of the candidates BBX genes were affected and showed diverse expression profile. Furthermore, changes in response to these Flowering-related hormones and treatment specifying their potential involvement in Flowering Induction. Based on these findings, BBX genes could be used as potential genetic markers for the growth and development of plants particularly in the area of functional analysis, and their involvement in Flower Induction in fruit plants.
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comprehensive analysis of gasa family members in the malus domestica genome identification characterization and their expressions in response to apple Flower Induction
BMC Genomics, 2017Co-Authors: Sheng Fan, Dong Zhang, Lizhi Zhang, Cai Gao, Mingzhi Xin, Muhammad Mobeen Tahir, Mingyu HanAbstract:The plant-specific gibberellic acid stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is critical for plant development. However, little is known about these genes, particularly in fruit tree species. We identified 15 putative Arabidopsis thaliana GASA (AtGASA) and 26 apple GASA (MdGASA) genes. The identified genes were then characterized (e.g., chromosomal location, structure, and evolutionary relationships). All of the identified A. thaliana and apple GASA proteins included a conserved GASA domain and exhibited similar characteristics. Specifically, the MdGASA expression levels in various tissues and organs were analyzed based on an online gene expression profile and by qRT-PCR. These genes were more highly expressed in the leaves, buds, and fruits compared with the seeds, roots, and seedlings. MdGASA genes were also responsive to gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid treatments. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing results revealed seven potential Flowering-related MdGASA genes. We analyzed the expression levels of these genes in response to Flowering-related treatments (GA3, 6-benzylaminopurine, and sugar) and in apple varieties that differed in terms of Flowering (‘Nagafu No. 2’ and ‘Yanfu No. 6’) during the Flower Induction period. These candidate MdGASA genes exhibited diverse expression patterns. The expression levels of six MdGASA genes were inhibited by GA3, while the expression of one gene was up-regulated. Additionally, there were expression-level differences induced by the 6-benzylaminopurine and sugar treatments during the Flower Induction stage, as well as in the different Flowering varieties. This study represents the first comprehensive investigation of the A. thaliana and apple GASA gene families. Our data may provide useful clues for future studies and may support the hypotheses regarding the role of GASA proteins during the Flower Induction stage in fruit tree species.
Jan Kopcewicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Photoperiod and ethylene-dependent expression of gibberellin biosynthesis gene InEKO1 during Flower Induction of Ipomoea nil
Biologia plantarum, 2018Co-Authors: Katarzyna Marciniak, Agata Kućko, Emilia Wilmowicz, Jan KopcewiczAbstract:Ent-kaurene oxidase (EKO) catalyze three sequential oxidations in the early steps of gibberellin biosynthesis pathway. In this research, a cDNA sequence of InEKO1 gene in the model short-day plant Ipomoea nil was identified. Our studies revealed that inductive conditions for Flowering caused an increase in the transcriptional activity of the examined gene in the cotyledons–the main organs for the perception of the photoperiodic stimulus. In contrast, in the second half of the 16 h long inductive night and after that, a decreased amount of InEKO1 mRNA in the apexes was detected. What is more, ethylene, the key inhibitor of Flower Induction in I. nil, elevated the InEKO1 expression exclusively in the cotyledons between 10 and 14 h of the inductive night.
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Photoperiodic Flower Induction in Ipomoea nil is accompanied by decreasing content of gibberellins
Plant Growth Regulation, 2017Co-Authors: Katarzyna Marciniak, Emilia Wilmowicz, Agata Kućko, Michał Świdziński, Jacek Kęsy, Jan KopcewiczAbstract:The involvement of gibberellins (GAs) in the control of Flower Induction in the short-day plant Ipomoea nil has been investigated. To clarify the molecular basis of this process, we identified the full-length cDNAs of the InGA20ox3 and InGA2ox1 genes, which encode enzymes responsible for GA biosynthesis and catabolism, respectively. We studied the expression patterns of both genes and determined the tissue and cellular immunolocalisation of gibberellic acid (GA3) in the cotyledons of 5-day-old seedlings growing under inductive and non-inductive photoperiodic conditions. In the second half of the inductive night, which is crucial for Flower Induction in I. nil, InGA20ox3 expression decreased, whereas InGA2ox1 mRNA accumulated, which indicates that photoperiod regulates the activity of both genes. Furthermore, these changes are correlated with GA3 level. Thus, our results support the thesis that the proper balance between the expression of the InGA20ox3 and InGA2ox1 genes and low GA3 content correlate with photoperiodic Flower Induction in I. nil.
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auxin increases the injmt expression and the level of jame inhibitor of Flower Induction in ipomoea nil
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2016Co-Authors: Agata Kucko, Paulina Glazińska, Jan Kopcewicz, Magdalena Wolska, Grazyna Czeszewskarosiak, Emilia WilmowiczAbstract:Interactions among jasmonates and auxin in the photoperiodic Flower Induction of a short-day plant Ipomoea nil were examined. Therefore, we measured changes in jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonic acid methyl ester (JAMe) levels in the cotyledons of I. nil during the inductive night, as well as the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on their content. We noticed an interesting result, that IAA applied on the cotyledons of I. nil is an effective stimulator of JAMe production in seedlings cultivated under inductive night conditions. IAA treatment also significantly increased the transcriptional activity of InJMT ( JASMONIC ACID CARBOXYL METHYLTRANSFERASE ), while did not affect the expression of JA biosynthesis genes (lipoxyganease, allene oxide synthase, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase). These data, as well as the results of our previous research, suggest that exogenous IAA participates in I. nil Flower Induction process by stimulating InJMT expression and, as a consequence of that, enhancing the level of JAMe, a Flowering inhibitor.
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involvement of the iaa regulated acc oxidase gene pnaco3 in pharbitis nil Flower inhibition
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 2014Co-Authors: Emilia Wilmowicz, Kamil Frankowski, Agata Kucko, Jacek Kesy, Jan KopcewiczAbstract:The study examined the influence of light and auxin on the transcription level of PnACO3, a gene involved in ethylene production, in relation to the inhibitory effect of ethylene on Flower Induction in the short-day plant Pharbitis nil (=Ipomoea nil). Exogenous auxin was shown to increase the level of PnACO3 mRNA, with the effect depending on the experimental conditions. Light did not affect the level of PnACO3 mRNA. Applying auxin to seedling cotyledons at the beginning of inductive night boosted PnACO3 transcriptional activity even threefold during the next few hours, supporting our previous suggestion that the inhibitory effect of auxin on P. nil Flowering results from its stimulatory effect on ethylene production.
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ethylene auxin and abscisic acid interactions in the control of photoperiodic Flower Induction in pharbitis nil
Biologia Plantarum, 2014Co-Authors: Kamil Frankowski, Emilia Wilmowicz, Agata Kucko, Jacek Kesy, Brygida świezawska, Jan KopcewiczAbstract:Interactions between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene (ET) in the photoperiodic Flower Induction of a short-day (SD) plant Pharbitis nil were investigated. It was shown that both IAA and ABA applied just before and during the first half of the 16-h-long inductive night inhibited Flower Induction in P. nil. Ethylene is also thought to be a strong Flowering inhibitor of SD plants but only when it is applied in the second half of the inductive night. The application of IAA just before the inductive night decreased the content of endogenous ABA in cotyledons only during the first half of the inductive night. Additionally, the application of 2-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) — an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor — partially reversed the inhibitory effect of IAA and ABA on Flowering. The results suggest that the mechanisms of P. nil Flower inhibition by IAA and ABA might be independent. However, both the hormones influenced ethylene production which directly inhibited Flowering. We also show that ABA applied on the cotyledons of P. nil seedlings just before the inductive night caused a clear increase in the expression of PnACS1 and PnACS2 genes (encoding enzymes involved in ethylene biosynthesis) from the first hours after its application. The transcripts of PnACO1 and PnACO3 genes were also increased but their maximal values were shifted in relation to the PnACS1 and PnACS2. The data presented here strongly support the idea that both IAA and ABA inhibit P. nil Flowering through the modulation of ethylene biosynthesis.
Dong Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transcription profiles reveal the regulatory mechanisms of spur bud changes and Flower Induction in response to shoot bending in apple malus domestica borkh
Plant Molecular Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Libo Xing, Dong Zhang, Caiping Zhao, Mingyu Han, Xilong Chen, Juan ZhaoAbstract:Shoot bending, as an effective agronomic measure, has been widely used to promote Flowering in ‘Fuji’ apple trees. Here, we examined the transcriptional responses of genes in ‘Fuji’ apple buds at different Flowering stages under a shoot-bending treatment using RNA sequencing. A complex genetic crosstalk-regulated network, involving abscisic acid-related genes, starch metabolism and circadian rhythm-related genes, as well as stress response-related genes, was up-regulated by shoot bending, in which were contrbuted to apple Flower bud formation in response to shoot-bending conditions. Flower Induction plays an important role in the apple tree life cycle, but young trees produce fewer and inferior Flower buds. Shoot bending, as an effective agronomic measure, has been widely used to promote Flowering in ‘Fuji’ apple trees. However, little is known about the gene expression network patterns and molecular regulatory mechanisms caused by shoot bending during the induced Flowering. Here, we examined the transcriptional responses of genes in ‘Fuji’ apple buds at different Flowering stages under a shoot-bending treatment using RNA sequencing. A steady up-regulation of carbon metabolism-related genes led to relatively high levels of sucrose in early induced Flowering stages and starch accumulation during shoot bending. Additionally, global gene expression profiling determined that cytokinin, indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin synthesis and signalling-related genes were significantly regulated by shoot bending, contributing to cell division and differentiation, bud growth and Flower Induction. A complex genetic crosstalk-regulated network, involving abscisic acid-related genes, starch metabolism- and circadian rhythm-related genes, as well as stress response-related genes, was up-regulated by shoot bending. Additionally, some transcription factor family genes that were involved in sugar, abscisic acid and stress response signalling were significantly induced by shoot bending. These important Flowering genes, which were mainly involved in photoperiod, age and autonomous pathways, were up-regulated by shoot bending. Thus, a complex genetic network of regulatory mechanisms involved in sugar, hormone and stress response signalling pathways may mediate the Induction of apple tree Flowering in response to shoot-bending conditions.
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mediation of Flower Induction by gibberellin and its inhibitor paclobutrazol mrna and mirna integration comprises complex regulatory cross talk in apple
Plant and Cell Physiology, 2018Co-Authors: Sheng Fan, Dong Zhang, Kamran Shah, Cai Gao, Shuyuan Wan, Chao Lei, Jue Wang, Xiya Zuo, Feng Dong, Mingyu HanAbstract:Guaranteeing successful Flowering is very important in economic plant species, especially apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), which is difficult to induce to Flower. However, the gene expression and networks involved in Flowering have not been totally characterized. Here, we employed mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing to understand the different responses to gibberellin- and its inhibitor paclobutrazol- (PAC) mediated Flower Induction. Significant opposite cytological and morphological changes were observed in treated terminal buds, which led to a reduced Flowering rate under gibberellin and an increased Flowering rate under PAC. We also found that the differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs and miRNA target genes participated in different biological networks including hormones, photosynthesis, redox state and other metabolic processes, which provided important clues to understand the complex networks involved in apple Flower Induction. Additionally, we subsequently focused on one important candidate, MdSPL3, which is one of 31 apple SPL gene family members and whose transcription was inhibited by gibberellin but promoted by PAC. Functional investigation showed that MdSPL3 was located in the nucleus, and ectopic MdSPL3 activated floral meristem identity genes, promoted the formation of floral primordia and led to an earlier Flowering phenotype in Arabidopsis. Our research identified critical mRNA and miRNA responsive to gibberellin or PAC, and provided a candidate framework for Flower Induction. This carefully orchestrated regulatory cross-talk highlighted potential targets for developing regulatory techniques and genetic improvement of Flower Induction in apple.
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Expression of genes in the potential regulatory pathways controlling alternate bearing in 'Fuji' (Malus domestica Borkh.) apple trees during Flower Induction.
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Dong Zhang, Shixiang Wang, Libo Xing, Youmei Li, Lizhi Zhang, Juanjuan Ma, Caiping Zhao, Kamran ShahAbstract:Abstract Most perennial fruit trees have an alternate bearing problem where a heavy fruit load is produced one year (ON year) but few Flowers and fruits produced the next year (OFF year), resulting in a significant fluctuation in production. In the present study, comparative transcriptome analysis of terminal buds of apple (Malus domestica Borkh., cv. Nagafu No. 2) trees was conducted during the floral Induction period in the ON and OFF years to identify the potential regulatory pathways controlling alternate bearing. A total of 1027 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), most of which were involved in secondary metabolism, sugar metabolism, plant hormone pathways, were identified. The analysis focused on differences in sugar content and hormone levels between the ON and OFF trees. Sucrose content, zeatin-riboside (ZR), and abscisic acid (ABA) levels were lower in ON-year buds than in OFF-year buds. ON buds also had elevated levels of gibberellins (GAs), with a higher expression of GA20 oxidase (GA20ox) and a significant lower level of RGA-like2 (RGL2). Expression analyses also revealed a significantly higher level of SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE genes (MdSPL1, MdSPL6 and MdSPL12) transcripts levels in buds of OFF trees at 45 days after full bloom (DAFB). LEAFY (LFY) expression increased significantly prior to Flower Induction in OFF buds. These findings provide new information of the role of hormones in alternate bearing, as well as other processes, and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating alternate bearing in perennial fruit trees.
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identification and characterization of histone modification gene family reveal their critical responses to Flower Induction in apple
BMC Plant Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Sheng Fan, Dong Zhang, Cai Gao, Chao Lei, Jue Wang, Yang Yang, Mingyu HanAbstract:Histone methylation and acetylation regulate biological processes in plants through various histone modifications (HMs) gene families. However, knowledge of HMs genes is limited in horticultural deciduous trees, including apple (Malus domestica). Here, a comprehensive study of identifying and investigating HMs genes was performed using the recently published apple genome. In total, 198 MdHMs were identified, including 71 histone methyltransferases, 44 histone demethylases, 57 histone acetylases, and 26 histone deacetylases. Detailed analysis of the MdHMs, including chromosomes locations, gene structures, protein motif and protein-protein interactions were performed, and their orthologous genes were also predicted against nine plant species. Meanwhile, a syntenic analysis revealed that tandem, segmental, and whole genome duplications were involved in the evolution and expansion of the MdHMs gene family. Most MdHMs underwent purifying selection. The expression profiles of 198 MdHMs were investigated in response to 6-BA treatment and different Flowering varieties (easy-Flowering ‘Yanfu No.6’ and difficult-Flowering ‘Nagafu No.2’) using transcriptome sequencing data, and most MdHMs were involved in Flower Induction processes. Subsequent quantitative real-time PCR was then performed to confirm the expression levels of candidate MdHMs under different Flowering-related circumstances. MdHMs were involved in, and responsive to, Flower Induction in apple. This study established an MdHMs platform that provided valuable information and presented enriched biological theories on Flower Induction in apple. The data could also be used to study the evolutionary history and functional prospects of MdHMs genes, as well as other trees.
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comprehensive analysis of gasa family members in the malus domestica genome identification characterization and their expressions in response to apple Flower Induction
BMC Genomics, 2017Co-Authors: Sheng Fan, Dong Zhang, Lizhi Zhang, Cai Gao, Mingzhi Xin, Muhammad Mobeen Tahir, Mingyu HanAbstract:The plant-specific gibberellic acid stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is critical for plant development. However, little is known about these genes, particularly in fruit tree species. We identified 15 putative Arabidopsis thaliana GASA (AtGASA) and 26 apple GASA (MdGASA) genes. The identified genes were then characterized (e.g., chromosomal location, structure, and evolutionary relationships). All of the identified A. thaliana and apple GASA proteins included a conserved GASA domain and exhibited similar characteristics. Specifically, the MdGASA expression levels in various tissues and organs were analyzed based on an online gene expression profile and by qRT-PCR. These genes were more highly expressed in the leaves, buds, and fruits compared with the seeds, roots, and seedlings. MdGASA genes were also responsive to gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid treatments. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing results revealed seven potential Flowering-related MdGASA genes. We analyzed the expression levels of these genes in response to Flowering-related treatments (GA3, 6-benzylaminopurine, and sugar) and in apple varieties that differed in terms of Flowering (‘Nagafu No. 2’ and ‘Yanfu No. 6’) during the Flower Induction period. These candidate MdGASA genes exhibited diverse expression patterns. The expression levels of six MdGASA genes were inhibited by GA3, while the expression of one gene was up-regulated. Additionally, there were expression-level differences induced by the 6-benzylaminopurine and sugar treatments during the Flower Induction stage, as well as in the different Flowering varieties. This study represents the first comprehensive investigation of the A. thaliana and apple GASA gene families. Our data may provide useful clues for future studies and may support the hypotheses regarding the role of GASA proteins during the Flower Induction stage in fruit tree species.
Libo Xing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transcription profiles reveal the regulatory mechanisms of spur bud changes and Flower Induction in response to shoot bending in apple malus domestica borkh
Plant Molecular Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Libo Xing, Dong Zhang, Caiping Zhao, Mingyu Han, Xilong Chen, Juan ZhaoAbstract:Shoot bending, as an effective agronomic measure, has been widely used to promote Flowering in ‘Fuji’ apple trees. Here, we examined the transcriptional responses of genes in ‘Fuji’ apple buds at different Flowering stages under a shoot-bending treatment using RNA sequencing. A complex genetic crosstalk-regulated network, involving abscisic acid-related genes, starch metabolism and circadian rhythm-related genes, as well as stress response-related genes, was up-regulated by shoot bending, in which were contrbuted to apple Flower bud formation in response to shoot-bending conditions. Flower Induction plays an important role in the apple tree life cycle, but young trees produce fewer and inferior Flower buds. Shoot bending, as an effective agronomic measure, has been widely used to promote Flowering in ‘Fuji’ apple trees. However, little is known about the gene expression network patterns and molecular regulatory mechanisms caused by shoot bending during the induced Flowering. Here, we examined the transcriptional responses of genes in ‘Fuji’ apple buds at different Flowering stages under a shoot-bending treatment using RNA sequencing. A steady up-regulation of carbon metabolism-related genes led to relatively high levels of sucrose in early induced Flowering stages and starch accumulation during shoot bending. Additionally, global gene expression profiling determined that cytokinin, indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin synthesis and signalling-related genes were significantly regulated by shoot bending, contributing to cell division and differentiation, bud growth and Flower Induction. A complex genetic crosstalk-regulated network, involving abscisic acid-related genes, starch metabolism- and circadian rhythm-related genes, as well as stress response-related genes, was up-regulated by shoot bending. Additionally, some transcription factor family genes that were involved in sugar, abscisic acid and stress response signalling were significantly induced by shoot bending. These important Flowering genes, which were mainly involved in photoperiod, age and autonomous pathways, were up-regulated by shoot bending. Thus, a complex genetic network of regulatory mechanisms involved in sugar, hormone and stress response signalling pathways may mediate the Induction of apple tree Flowering in response to shoot-bending conditions.
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Expression of genes in the potential regulatory pathways controlling alternate bearing in 'Fuji' (Malus domestica Borkh.) apple trees during Flower Induction.
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Dong Zhang, Shixiang Wang, Libo Xing, Youmei Li, Lizhi Zhang, Juanjuan Ma, Caiping Zhao, Kamran ShahAbstract:Abstract Most perennial fruit trees have an alternate bearing problem where a heavy fruit load is produced one year (ON year) but few Flowers and fruits produced the next year (OFF year), resulting in a significant fluctuation in production. In the present study, comparative transcriptome analysis of terminal buds of apple (Malus domestica Borkh., cv. Nagafu No. 2) trees was conducted during the floral Induction period in the ON and OFF years to identify the potential regulatory pathways controlling alternate bearing. A total of 1027 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), most of which were involved in secondary metabolism, sugar metabolism, plant hormone pathways, were identified. The analysis focused on differences in sugar content and hormone levels between the ON and OFF trees. Sucrose content, zeatin-riboside (ZR), and abscisic acid (ABA) levels were lower in ON-year buds than in OFF-year buds. ON buds also had elevated levels of gibberellins (GAs), with a higher expression of GA20 oxidase (GA20ox) and a significant lower level of RGA-like2 (RGL2). Expression analyses also revealed a significantly higher level of SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE genes (MdSPL1, MdSPL6 and MdSPL12) transcripts levels in buds of OFF trees at 45 days after full bloom (DAFB). LEAFY (LFY) expression increased significantly prior to Flower Induction in OFF buds. These findings provide new information of the role of hormones in alternate bearing, as well as other processes, and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating alternate bearing in perennial fruit trees.
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phylogenetic analysis of idd gene family and characterization of its expression in response to Flower Induction in malus
Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2017Co-Authors: Sheng Fan, Dong Zhang, Libo Xing, Hongxia Shao, Mingyu HanAbstract:Although INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) genes encoding specific plant transcription factors have important roles in plant growth and development, little is known about apple IDD (MdIDD) genes and their potential functions in the Flower Induction. In this study, we identified 20 putative IDD genes in apple and named them according to their chromosomal locations. All identified MdIDD genes shared a conserved IDD domain. A phylogenetic analysis separated MdIDDs and other plant IDD genes into four groups. Bioinformatic analysis of chemical characteristics, gene structure, and prediction of protein-protein interactions demonstrated the functional and structural diversity of MdIDD genes. To further uncover their potential functions, we performed analysis of tandem, synteny, and gene duplications, which indicated several paired homologs of IDD genes between apple and Arabidopsis. Additionally, genome duplications also promoted the expansion and evolution of the MdIDD genes. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that all the MdIDD genes showed distinct expression levels in five different tissues (stems, leaves, buds, Flowers, and fruits). Furthermore, the expression levels of candidate MdIDD genes were also investigated in response to various circumstances, including GA treatment (decreased the Flowering rate), sugar treatment (increased the Flowering rate), alternate-bearing conditions, and two varieties with different-Flowering intensities. Parts of them were affected by exogenous treatments and showed different expression patterns. Additionally, changes in response to alternate-bearing and different-Flowering varieties of apple trees indicated that they were also responsive to Flower Induction. Taken together, our comprehensive analysis provided valuable information for further analysis of IDD genes aiming at Flower Induction.
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transcription profiles reveal sugar and hormone signaling pathways mediating Flower Induction in apple malus domestica borkh
Plant and Cell Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Libo Xing, Dong Zhang, Caiping Zhao, Yawen Shen, Mingyu HanAbstract:Flower Induction in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is regulated by complex gene networks that involve multiple signal pathways to ensure Flower bud formation in the next year, but the molecular determinants of apple Flower Induction are still unknown. In this research, transcriptomic profiles from differentiating buds allowed us to identify genes potentially involved in signaling pathways that mediate the regulatory mechanisms of Flower Induction. A hypothetical model for this regulatory mechanism was obtained by analysis of the available transcriptomic data, suggesting that sugar-, hormone- and Flowering-related genes, as well as those involved in cell-cycle Induction, participated in the apple Flower Induction process. Sugar levels and metabolism-related gene expression profiles revealed that sucrose is the initiation signal in Flower Induction. Complex hormone regulatory networks involved in cytokinin (CK), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid pathways also induce apple Flower formation. CK plays a key role in the regulation of cell formation and differentiation, and in affecting Flowering-related gene expression levels during these processes. Meanwhile, ABA levels and ABA-related gene expression levels gradually increased, as did those of sugar metabolism-related genes, in developing buds, indicating that ABA signals regulate apple Flower Induction by participating in the sugar-mediated Flowering pathway. Furthermore, changes in sugar and starch deposition levels in buds can be affected by ABA content and the expression of the genes involved in the ABA signaling pathway. Thus, multiple pathways, which are mainly mediated by crosstalk between sugar and hormone signals, regulate the molecular network involved in bud growth and Flower Induction in apple trees.
Dafna Ziv - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Expression Profiling of FlowerING LOCUS T-Like Gene in Alternate Bearing ‘Hass ’ Avocado Trees Suggests a Role for PaFT in Avocado Flower Induction
2016Co-Authors: Dafna Ziv, Alon Samach, Tali Zviran, Oshrat Zezak, Vered IrihimovitchAbstract:In many perennials, heavy fruit load on a shoot decreases the ability of the plant to undergo floral Induction in the following spring, resulting in a pattern of crop production known as alternate bearing. Here, we studied the effects of fruit load on floral determination in ‘Hass ’ avocado (Persea americana). De-fruiting experiments initially confirmed the negative effects of fruit load on return to Flowering. Next, we isolated a FlowerING LOCUS T-like gene, PaFT, hypothesized to act as a phloem-mobile florigen signal and examined its expression profile in shoot tissues of on (fully loaded) and off (fruit-lacking) trees. Expression analyses revealed a strong peak in PaFT transcript levels in leaves of off trees from the end of October through November, followed by a return to starting levels. Moreover and concomitant with inflorescence development, only off buds displayed up-regulation of the floral identity transcripts PaAP1 and PaLFY, with significant variation being detected from October and November, respectively. Furthermore, a parallel microscopic study of off apical buds revealed the presence of secondary inflorescence axis structures that only appeared towards the end of November. Finally, ectopic expression of PaFT in Arabidopsis resulted in early Flowering transition. Together, our data suggests a link between increased PaFT expression observed during late autumn and avocado Flower Induction. Furthermore, our results also imply that, as in the case of other crop trees, fruit-load might affect Flowering by repressing the expression of PaFT in the leaves. Possibl
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expression profiling of Flowering locus t like gene in alternate bearing hass avocado trees suggests a role for paft in avocado Flower Induction
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Alon Samach, Dafna Ziv, Tali Zviran, Oshrat Zezak, Vered IrihimovitchAbstract:In many perennials, heavy fruit load on a shoot decreases the ability of the plant to undergo floral Induction in the following spring, resulting in a pattern of crop production known as alternate bearing. Here, we studied the effects of fruit load on floral determination in ‘Hass' avocado (Persea americana). De-fruiting experiments initially confirmed the negative effects of fruit load on return to Flowering. Next, we isolated a FlowerING LOCUS T-like gene, PaFT, hypothesized to act as a phloem-mobile florigen signal and examined its expression profile in shoot tissues of on (fully loaded) and off (fruit-lacking) trees. Expression analyses revealed a strong peak in PaFT transcript levels in leaves of off trees from the end of October through November, followed by a return to starting levels. Moreover and concomitant with inflorescence development, only off buds displayed up-regulation of the floral identity transcripts PaAP1 and PaLFY, with significant variation being detected from October and November, respectively. Furthermore, a parallel microscopic study of off apical buds revealed the presence of secondary inflorescence axis structures that only appeared towards the end of November. Finally, ectopic expression of PaFT in Arabidopsis resulted in early Flowering transition. Together, our data suggests a link between increased PaFT expression observed during late autumn and avocado Flower Induction. Furthermore, our results also imply that, as in the case of other crop trees, fruit-load might affect Flowering by repressing the expression of PaFT in the leaves. Possible mechanism(s) by which fruit crop might repress PaFT expression, are discussed.