The Experts below are selected from a list of 43275 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Haitao Su - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mercury transformation and speciation in Flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources a critical review
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2015Co-Authors: Lei Zhang, Qingru Wu, Fengyang Wang, Leiming Zhang, Mei Yang, Shuxiao Wang, Haitao SuAbstract:Abstract. Mercury transformation mechanisms and speciation profiles are reviewed for mercury formed in and released from Flue gases of coal-fired boilers, non-ferrous metal smelters, cement plants, iron and steel plants, waste incinerators, biomass burning and so on. Mercury in coal, ores, and other raw materials is released to Flue gases in the form of Hg0 during combustion or smelting in boilers, kilns or furnaces. Decreasing temperature from over 800 °C to below 300 °C in Flue gases leaving boilers, kilns or furnaces promotes homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation of Hg0 to gaseous divalent mercury (Hg2+), with a portion of Hg2+ adsorbed onto fly ash to form particulate-bound mercury (Hgp). Halogen is the primary oxidizer for Hg0 in Flue gases, and active components (e.g., TiO2, Fe2O3, etc.) on fly ash promote heterogeneous oxidation and adsorption processes. In addition to mercury removal, mercury transformation also occurs when passing through air pollution control devices (APCDs), affecting the mercury speciation in Flue gases. In coal-fired power plants, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system promotes mercury oxidation by 34–85 %, electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and fabric filter (FF) remove over 99 % of Hgp, and wet Flue gas desulfurization system (WFGD) captures 60–95 % of Hg2+. In non-ferrous metal smelters, most Hg0 is converted to Hg2+ and removed in acid plants (APs). For cement clinker production, mercury cycling and operational conditions promote heterogeneous mercury oxidation and adsorption. The mercury speciation profiles in Flue gases emitted to the atmosphere are determined by transformation mechanisms and mercury removal efficiencies by various APCDs. For all the sectors reviewed in this study, Hgp accounts for less than 5 % in Flue gases. In China, mercury emission has a higher Hg0 fraction (66–82 % of total mercury) in Flue gases from coal combustion, in contrast to a greater Hg2+ fraction (29–90 %) from non-ferrous metal smelting, cement and iron and/or steel production. The higher Hg2+ fractions shown here than previous estimates may imply stronger local environmental impacts than previously thought, caused by mercury emissions in East Asia. Future research should focus on determining mercury speciation in Flue gases from iron and steel plants, waste incineration and biomass burning, and on elucidating the mechanisms of mercury oxidation and adsorption in Flue gases.
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mercury transformation and speciation in Flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources a critical review
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2015Co-Authors: Lei Zhang, Qingru Wu, Fengyang Wang, Leiming Zhang, Mei Yang, Shuxiao Wang, Haitao SuAbstract:Abstract. Mercury transformation mechanisms and speciation profiles are reviewed for mercury formed in and released from Flue gases of coal-fired boilers, non-ferrous metal smelters, cement plants, iron and steel plants, waste incinerators, biomass burning and so on. Mercury in coal, ores, and other raw materials is released to Flue gases in the form of Hg0 during combustion or smelting in boilers, kilns or furnaces. Decreasing temperature from over 800 °C to below 300 °C in Flue gases leaving boilers, kilns or furnaces promotes homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation of Hg0 to gaseous divalent mercury (Hg2+), with a portion of Hg2+ adsorbed onto fly ash to form particulate-bound mercury (Hgp). Halogen is the primary oxidizer for Hg0 in Flue gases, and active components (e.g., TiO2, Fe2O3, etc.) on fly ash promote heterogeneous oxidation and adsorption processes. In addition to mercury removal, mercury transformation also occurs when passing through air pollution control devices (APCDs), affecting the mercury speciation in Flue gases. In coal-fired power plants, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system promotes mercury oxidation by 34–85 %, electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and fabric filter (FF) remove over 99 % of Hgp, and wet Flue gas desulfurization system (WFGD) captures 60–95 % of Hg2+. In non-ferrous metal smelters, most Hg0 is converted to Hg2+ and removed in acid plants (APs). For cement clinker production, mercury cycling and operational conditions promote heterogeneous mercury oxidation and adsorption. The mercury speciation profiles in Flue gases emitted to the atmosphere are determined by transformation mechanisms and mercury removal efficiencies by various APCDs. For all the sectors reviewed in this study, Hgp accounts for less than 5 % in Flue gases. In China, mercury emission has a higher Hg0 fraction (66–82 % of total mercury) in Flue gases from coal combustion, in contrast to a greater Hg2+ fraction (29–90 %) from non-ferrous metal smelting, cement and iron and/or steel production. The higher Hg2+ fractions shown here than previous estimates may imply stronger local environmental impacts than previously thought, caused by mercury emissions in East Asia. Future research should focus on determining mercury speciation in Flue gases from iron and steel plants, waste incineration and biomass burning, and on elucidating the mechanisms of mercury oxidation and adsorption in Flue gases.
Bing Peng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characterization of Copper Smelting Flue Dusts from a Bottom-Blowing Bath Smelting Furnace and a Flash Smelting Furnace
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 2020Co-Authors: Chen Yujie, Ari Jokilaakso, Pekka Taskinen, Zongwen Zhao, Yan Jie Liang, Hongchuan Ouyang, Bing Peng, Songlin Zhou, Tao Chen, Ning PengAbstract:The smelting technology and Flue dust treatment have an inFluence on the physical and chemical characteristics of Flue dusts collected in copper smelting. We characterized Flue dusts from a Bottom-Blowing Bath Smelting (BBS) process and from a Flash Smelting (FS) process by determining their comprehensive physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics. Annual Flue dust generation data showed that the rate of the BBS process (2 to 3 pct) was clearly lower than that of FS process (5 to 6 pct). The results revealed that copper smelting Flue dusts from the FS exhibited a larger entrainment of solids and a smaller particle size than the BBS. The crystallographic and chemical compositions of the samples indicated that the FS Flue dusts have a higher degree of crystallinity than those of the BBS. Fe3O4, CuSO4 and PbSO4, Fe3O4, CuFe5O8 were the predominant crystalline phases in the FS and BBS Flue dusts, respectively. In the FS and BBS Flue dusts, amorphous multicomponent Cu-Zn-FeOx and Cu-Zn-S phases were formed, respectively. Mineralogical examinations and a stepwise chemical extraction confirmed that the majority of arsenic existed in amorphous form and mostly as pentavalent As5+ arsenate or As2O5 except that in BBS-ESPD.
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transport and transformation of mercury during wet Flue gas cleaning process of nonferrous metal smelting
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017Co-Authors: Zhilou Liu, Bing Peng, Dongli Wang, Liyuan Chai, Hui Liu, Shu Yang, Bentao Yang, Kaisong Xiang, Cao LiuAbstract:Reducing mercury emission is hot topic for international society. The first step for controlling mercury in fuel gas is to investigate mercury distribution and during the Flue gas treatment process. The mercury transport and transformation in wet Flue gas cleaning process of nonferrous smelting industry was studied in the paper with critical important parameters, such as the solution temperature, Hg0 concentration, SO2 concentration, and Hg2+ concentration at the laboratory scale. The mass ratio of the mercury distribution in the solution, Flue gas, sludge, and acid fog from the simulated Flue gas containing Hg2+ and Hg0 was 49.12~65.54, 18.34~35.42, 11.89~14.47, and 1.74~3.54%, respectively. The primary mercury species in the Flue gas and acid fog were gaseous Hg0 and dissolved Hg2+. The mercury species in the cleaning solution were dissolved Hg2+ and colloidal mercury, which accounted for 56.56 and 7.34% of the total mercury, respectively. Various mercury compounds, including Hg2Cl2, HgS, HgCl2, HgSO4, and HgO, existed in the sludge. These results for mercury distribution and speciation are highly useful in understanding mercury transport and transformation during the wet Flue gas cleaning process. This research is conducive for controlling mercury emissions from nonferrous smelting Flue gas and by-products.
Quanyu Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adaptive evolution and carbon dioxide fixation of chlorella sp in simulated Flue gas
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Dujia Cheng, Yizhong Yuan, Chengyu Yang, Tao Tang, Quanyu Zhao, Yuhan SunAbstract:Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions leads to global warming. Biological capture through microalgae is a potential approach for solving this environmental problem. It is still a technical challenge to enhance the tolerance of microalgae to Flue gas if CO2 is fixed from Flue gas directly. A new strain, Chlorella sp. Cv was obtained through adaptive evolution (46 cycles) against simulated Flue gas (10% CO2, 200 ppm NOx and 100 ppm SOx). It was confirmed that Chlorella sp. Cv could tolerate simulated Flue gas conditions and the maximum CO2 fixation rate was 1.2 g L-1 d(-1). In a two-stage process, the biomass concentration was 2.7 g L-1 and the carbohydrate content was 68.4%. Comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed for Chlorella sp. Cv under simulated Flue gas and control conditions (10% CO2). These responses against simulated Flue gas uncovered the significant difference between the evolved strain and the original strain. The metabolic responses to Flue gas were explored with focus on various specific genes. Upregulation of several genes related to photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, CO2 fixation, sulfur metabolism and nitrogen metabolism was beneficial for the evolved strain to tolerate the simulated Flue gas. The upregulation of genes related to extracellular sulfur transport and nitrate reductase was essential to utilize the sulfate and nitrate from dissolved SOx and NOx. The results in this study are helpful to establish a new process for CO2 capture directly from industrial Flue gas. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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adaptive evolution and carbon dioxide fixation of chlorella sp in simulated Flue gas
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Dujia Cheng, Yizhong Yuan, Chengyu Yang, Tao Tang, Quanyu Zhao, Yuhan SunAbstract:Abstract Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions leads to global warming. Biological capture through microalgae is a potential approach for solving this environmental problem. It is still a technical challenge to enhance the tolerance of microalgae to Flue gas if CO2 is fixed from Flue gas directly. A new strain, Chlorella sp. Cv was obtained through adaptive evolution (46 cycles) against simulated Flue gas (10% CO2, 200 ppm NOx and 100 ppm SOx). It was confirmed that Chlorella sp. Cv could tolerate simulated Flue gas conditions and the maximum CO2 fixation rate was 1.2 g L−1 d−1. In a two-stage process, the biomass concentration was 2.7 g L−1 and the carbohydrate content was 68.4%. Comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed for Chlorella sp. Cv under simulated Flue gas and control conditions (10% CO2). These responses against simulated Flue gas uncovered the significant difference between the evolved strain and the original strain. The metabolic responses to Flue gas were explored with focus on various specific genes. Upregulation of several genes related to photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, CO2 fixation, sulfur metabolism and nitrogen metabolism was beneficial for the evolved strain to tolerate the simulated Flue gas. The upregulation of genes related to extracellular sulfur transport and nitrate reductase was essential to utilize the sulfate and nitrate from dissolved SOx and NOx. The results in this study are helpful to establish a new process for CO2 capture directly from industrial Flue gas.
Lei Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mercury transformation and speciation in Flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources a critical review
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2015Co-Authors: Lei Zhang, Qingru Wu, Fengyang Wang, Leiming Zhang, Mei Yang, Shuxiao Wang, Haitao SuAbstract:Abstract. Mercury transformation mechanisms and speciation profiles are reviewed for mercury formed in and released from Flue gases of coal-fired boilers, non-ferrous metal smelters, cement plants, iron and steel plants, waste incinerators, biomass burning and so on. Mercury in coal, ores, and other raw materials is released to Flue gases in the form of Hg0 during combustion or smelting in boilers, kilns or furnaces. Decreasing temperature from over 800 °C to below 300 °C in Flue gases leaving boilers, kilns or furnaces promotes homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation of Hg0 to gaseous divalent mercury (Hg2+), with a portion of Hg2+ adsorbed onto fly ash to form particulate-bound mercury (Hgp). Halogen is the primary oxidizer for Hg0 in Flue gases, and active components (e.g., TiO2, Fe2O3, etc.) on fly ash promote heterogeneous oxidation and adsorption processes. In addition to mercury removal, mercury transformation also occurs when passing through air pollution control devices (APCDs), affecting the mercury speciation in Flue gases. In coal-fired power plants, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system promotes mercury oxidation by 34–85 %, electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and fabric filter (FF) remove over 99 % of Hgp, and wet Flue gas desulfurization system (WFGD) captures 60–95 % of Hg2+. In non-ferrous metal smelters, most Hg0 is converted to Hg2+ and removed in acid plants (APs). For cement clinker production, mercury cycling and operational conditions promote heterogeneous mercury oxidation and adsorption. The mercury speciation profiles in Flue gases emitted to the atmosphere are determined by transformation mechanisms and mercury removal efficiencies by various APCDs. For all the sectors reviewed in this study, Hgp accounts for less than 5 % in Flue gases. In China, mercury emission has a higher Hg0 fraction (66–82 % of total mercury) in Flue gases from coal combustion, in contrast to a greater Hg2+ fraction (29–90 %) from non-ferrous metal smelting, cement and iron and/or steel production. The higher Hg2+ fractions shown here than previous estimates may imply stronger local environmental impacts than previously thought, caused by mercury emissions in East Asia. Future research should focus on determining mercury speciation in Flue gases from iron and steel plants, waste incineration and biomass burning, and on elucidating the mechanisms of mercury oxidation and adsorption in Flue gases.
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mercury transformation and speciation in Flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources a critical review
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2015Co-Authors: Lei Zhang, Qingru Wu, Fengyang Wang, Leiming Zhang, Mei Yang, Shuxiao Wang, Haitao SuAbstract:Abstract. Mercury transformation mechanisms and speciation profiles are reviewed for mercury formed in and released from Flue gases of coal-fired boilers, non-ferrous metal smelters, cement plants, iron and steel plants, waste incinerators, biomass burning and so on. Mercury in coal, ores, and other raw materials is released to Flue gases in the form of Hg0 during combustion or smelting in boilers, kilns or furnaces. Decreasing temperature from over 800 °C to below 300 °C in Flue gases leaving boilers, kilns or furnaces promotes homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation of Hg0 to gaseous divalent mercury (Hg2+), with a portion of Hg2+ adsorbed onto fly ash to form particulate-bound mercury (Hgp). Halogen is the primary oxidizer for Hg0 in Flue gases, and active components (e.g., TiO2, Fe2O3, etc.) on fly ash promote heterogeneous oxidation and adsorption processes. In addition to mercury removal, mercury transformation also occurs when passing through air pollution control devices (APCDs), affecting the mercury speciation in Flue gases. In coal-fired power plants, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system promotes mercury oxidation by 34–85 %, electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and fabric filter (FF) remove over 99 % of Hgp, and wet Flue gas desulfurization system (WFGD) captures 60–95 % of Hg2+. In non-ferrous metal smelters, most Hg0 is converted to Hg2+ and removed in acid plants (APs). For cement clinker production, mercury cycling and operational conditions promote heterogeneous mercury oxidation and adsorption. The mercury speciation profiles in Flue gases emitted to the atmosphere are determined by transformation mechanisms and mercury removal efficiencies by various APCDs. For all the sectors reviewed in this study, Hgp accounts for less than 5 % in Flue gases. In China, mercury emission has a higher Hg0 fraction (66–82 % of total mercury) in Flue gases from coal combustion, in contrast to a greater Hg2+ fraction (29–90 %) from non-ferrous metal smelting, cement and iron and/or steel production. The higher Hg2+ fractions shown here than previous estimates may imply stronger local environmental impacts than previously thought, caused by mercury emissions in East Asia. Future research should focus on determining mercury speciation in Flue gases from iron and steel plants, waste incineration and biomass burning, and on elucidating the mechanisms of mercury oxidation and adsorption in Flue gases.
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Mercury transformation and speciation in Flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources: a critical review
Copernicus Publications, 2015Co-Authors: Lei Zhang, S. X. Wang, F. Y. Wang, C.-j. Lin, L. M. Zhang, M. L. Hui, J. M. HaoAbstract:Mercury transformation mechanisms and speciation profiles are reviewed for mercury formed in and released from Flue gases of coal-fired boilers, non-ferrous metal smelters, cement plants, iron and steel plants, municipal solid waste incinerators, and biomass burning. Mercury in coal, ores and other raw materials is released to Flue gases in the form of Hg0 during combustion or smelting in boilers, kilns or furnaces. Decreasing temperature from over 800 °C to below 300 °C in Flue gases leaving boilers, kilns or furnaces promotes homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) to gaseous divalent mercury (Hg2+), with a portion of Hg2+ adsorbed onto fly ash to form particulate-bound mercury (Hgp). Halogen is the primary oxidizer for Hg0 in Flue gases, and active components (e.g.,TiO2, Fe2O3, etc.) on fly ash promote heterogeneous oxidation and adsorption processes. In addition to mercury removal, mercury transformation also occurs when passing through air pollution control devices (APCDs), affecting the mercury speciation in Flue gases. In coal-fired power plants, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system promotes mercury oxidation by 34–85 %, electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and fabric filter (FF) remove over 99 % of Hgp, and wet Flue gas desulfurization system (WFGD) captures 60–95 % of Hg2+. In non-ferrous metal smelters, most Hg0 is converted to Hg2+ and removed in acid plants (APs). For cement clinker production, mercury cycling and operational conditions promote heterogeneous mercury oxidation and adsorption. The mercury speciation profiles in Flue gases emitted to the atmosphere are determined by transformation mechanisms and mercury removal efficiencies by various APCDs. For all the sectors reviewed in this study, Hgp accounts for less than 5 % in Flue gases. In China, mercury emission has a higher fraction (66–82 % of total mercury) in Flue gases from coal combustion, in contrast to a greater Hg2+ fraction (29–90 %) from non-ferrous metal smelting, cement and iron/steel production. The higher Hg2+ fractions shown here than previous estimates may imply stronger local environmental impacts than previously thought, caused by mercury emissions in East Asia. Future research should focus on determining mercury speciation in Flue gases from iron and steel plants, waste incineration and biomass burning, and on elucidating the mechanisms of mercury oxidation and adsorption in Flue gases
Yuhan Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adaptive evolution and carbon dioxide fixation of chlorella sp in simulated Flue gas
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Dujia Cheng, Yizhong Yuan, Chengyu Yang, Tao Tang, Quanyu Zhao, Yuhan SunAbstract:Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions leads to global warming. Biological capture through microalgae is a potential approach for solving this environmental problem. It is still a technical challenge to enhance the tolerance of microalgae to Flue gas if CO2 is fixed from Flue gas directly. A new strain, Chlorella sp. Cv was obtained through adaptive evolution (46 cycles) against simulated Flue gas (10% CO2, 200 ppm NOx and 100 ppm SOx). It was confirmed that Chlorella sp. Cv could tolerate simulated Flue gas conditions and the maximum CO2 fixation rate was 1.2 g L-1 d(-1). In a two-stage process, the biomass concentration was 2.7 g L-1 and the carbohydrate content was 68.4%. Comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed for Chlorella sp. Cv under simulated Flue gas and control conditions (10% CO2). These responses against simulated Flue gas uncovered the significant difference between the evolved strain and the original strain. The metabolic responses to Flue gas were explored with focus on various specific genes. Upregulation of several genes related to photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, CO2 fixation, sulfur metabolism and nitrogen metabolism was beneficial for the evolved strain to tolerate the simulated Flue gas. The upregulation of genes related to extracellular sulfur transport and nitrate reductase was essential to utilize the sulfate and nitrate from dissolved SOx and NOx. The results in this study are helpful to establish a new process for CO2 capture directly from industrial Flue gas. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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adaptive evolution and carbon dioxide fixation of chlorella sp in simulated Flue gas
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Dujia Cheng, Yizhong Yuan, Chengyu Yang, Tao Tang, Quanyu Zhao, Yuhan SunAbstract:Abstract Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions leads to global warming. Biological capture through microalgae is a potential approach for solving this environmental problem. It is still a technical challenge to enhance the tolerance of microalgae to Flue gas if CO2 is fixed from Flue gas directly. A new strain, Chlorella sp. Cv was obtained through adaptive evolution (46 cycles) against simulated Flue gas (10% CO2, 200 ppm NOx and 100 ppm SOx). It was confirmed that Chlorella sp. Cv could tolerate simulated Flue gas conditions and the maximum CO2 fixation rate was 1.2 g L−1 d−1. In a two-stage process, the biomass concentration was 2.7 g L−1 and the carbohydrate content was 68.4%. Comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed for Chlorella sp. Cv under simulated Flue gas and control conditions (10% CO2). These responses against simulated Flue gas uncovered the significant difference between the evolved strain and the original strain. The metabolic responses to Flue gas were explored with focus on various specific genes. Upregulation of several genes related to photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, CO2 fixation, sulfur metabolism and nitrogen metabolism was beneficial for the evolved strain to tolerate the simulated Flue gas. The upregulation of genes related to extracellular sulfur transport and nitrate reductase was essential to utilize the sulfate and nitrate from dissolved SOx and NOx. The results in this study are helpful to establish a new process for CO2 capture directly from industrial Flue gas.