The Experts below are selected from a list of 27495 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Werner Kaminsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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feedstock recycling of polymers by pyrolysis in a Fluidised Bed
Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2004Co-Authors: Werner Kaminsky, M Predel, A SadikiAbstract:Feedstock recycling of polymers is an attractive option to recycle the increasing amount of plastic wastes and respond to restrictions for waste disposal in a lot of countries. Different processes are investigated such as degradation of plastics to monomers, pyrolysis into monomers and oil, gasification into syngas. Pyrolysis of mixed plastic wastes and elastomers is a cost-effective process to recover feedstocks for the petrochemical industry. The Hamburg process, using an indirectly heated Fluidised Bed, can be varied to produce mainly monomers, aliphatic hydrocarbons, or aromatics. At temperatures of 450 °C, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is depolymerised to more than 98% of the monomer. The influence of fillers on the monomer yield has been studied. Polystyrene as feed gives up to 75% of styrene and 10% of oligomers. First demonstration plants are running for feedstock recycling of PMMA in a Fluidised Bed.
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pyrolysis of oil sludge in a Fluidised Bed reactor
Chemosphere, 2001Co-Authors: H Schmidt, Werner KaminskyAbstract:The oil sludge of tanker cleaning was pyrolysed in Fluidised Bed reactors. Three experiments were conducted in a laboratory plant and two on a technical plant. Separation of oil from the solids and distribution of the oil products were investigated at temperatures from 460°C to 650°C. Between 70% and 84% of the oil could be separated from the solids. Distribution of the oil products depended on the feed material and the pyrolysis conditions. The higher the temperature the more the oil was cracked into low boiling compounds. Under the conditions of pyrolysis carbon reduced gridiron to iron. Thus some solid fractions were pyrophoric and oxidised with high heat generation. Therefore the solid products have to be turned into inert substances. The Fluidised Bed pyrolysis is an adequate process to recycle oil sludge with high yields.
J Otero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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co combustion of coal and olive oil industry residues in Fluidised Bed
Fuel, 2003Co-Authors: L Armesto, A. Cabanillas, A. Bahillo, K Veijonen, J Otero, A Plumed, L SalvadorAbstract:Recently new environmental regulations of fossil fuels have further increased interest in the use of waste and biomass for energy generation. Co-combustion is generally viewed as the most cost-effective approach to biomass and wastes utilisation by the electric utility industry. The aim of this paper is to assess the feasibility of co-firing coal and a very specific biomass waste from the olive oil industry: foot cake, in a Fluidised Bed. This waste is quite difficult material to be used in combustion process, due to its high moisture content and alkaline content in ashes. Two different Spanish coals were selected for this study: a lignite and an anthracite. The combustion tests were carried out in the CIEMAT bubbling Fluidised Bed pilot plant. In order to study the effect of different parameters on the emissions and combustion efficiency, the tests were done using different operating conditions: furnace temperature, share of foot cake in the mixtures and coal type. The pilot plant tests show that the combustion of foot cake/lignite or anthracite mixtures in bubbling Fluidised Bed is one way to utilise this biomass residue in energy generation. The presence of foot cake in the mixtures has not any significant effect on the combustion efficiency. SO2 and NOx emissions decrease when the amount of foot cake in the mixtures increases, while N2O emission increases.
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combustion behaviour of rice husk in a bubbling Fluidised Bed
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2002Co-Authors: L Armesto, A. Cabanillas, A. Bahillo, K Veijonen, J OteroAbstract:Abstract The combustion of agro-industrial wastes in power plant seems to be an attractive possibility for the future. In Spain, the food industry generates around 618,000 tonnes of rice husk annually. The rice production is geographically focused in three regions: Valencia, Andalucia and Delta del Ebro. The rice husk is a suitable fuel for the Fluidised Bed combustors. An experimental combustion work using the rice husk as fuel was performed in a 30 kW th atmospheric bubbling Fluidised Bed pilot plant of CIEMAT. The influence of different variables such as temperature, fluidisation velocity on the combustion efficiency and CO emissions was investigated. Combustion efficiency in all test runs was higher than 97%. The characteristics of ash removed from the Bed, cyclones and baghouse were studied. In the Bed ashes, the potassium content increases along the operation hours.
Andreas Zuttel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fluidised Bed cvd synthesis of carbon nanotubes on fe2o3 mgo
Diamond and Related Materials, 2003Co-Authors: Ph Mauron, Ch Emmenegger, P Sudan, P Wenger, S Rentsch, Andreas ZuttelAbstract:Abstract Carbon nanotubes were synthesised by the Fluidised-Bed CVD synthesis of iso-pentane (C5H12) and acetylene (C2H2) on a magnesium oxide (MgO) powder impregnated with an iron nitrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) solution. Large quantities of nanotubes can be produced by this technique due to the high specific surface area (100 m2 g−1) of the precursor powder and the good convection in the Fluidised Bed. The main advantage of MgO is its high solubility in hydrochloric acid. Different synthesis parameters such as the iron content in the precursor (2.5–15%), the synthesis temperature (450–850 °C) and the synthesis time (0.5–40 min) were investigated. The synthesised material was characterised by scanning- and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and BET. The purified samples consist of mostly single-and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
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Fluidised Bed cvd synthesis of carbon nanotubes on fe2o3 mgo
Diamond and Related Materials, 2003Co-Authors: Ph Mauron, Ch Emmenegger, P Sudan, P Wenger, S Rentsch, Andreas ZuttelAbstract:Abstract Carbon nanotubes were synthesised by the Fluidised-Bed CVD synthesis of iso-pentane (C5H12) and acetylene (C2H2) on a magnesium oxide (MgO) powder impregnated with an iron nitrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) solution. Large quantities of nanotubes can be produced by this technique due to the high specific surface area (100 m2 g−1) of the precursor powder and the good convection in the Fluidised Bed. The main advantage of MgO is its high solubility in hydrochloric acid. Different synthesis parameters such as the iron content in the precursor (2.5–15%), the synthesis temperature (450–850 °C) and the synthesis time (0.5–40 min) were investigated. The synthesised material was characterised by scanning- and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and BET. The purified samples consist of mostly single-and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
L Armesto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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co combustion of coal and olive oil industry residues in Fluidised Bed
Fuel, 2003Co-Authors: L Armesto, A. Cabanillas, A. Bahillo, K Veijonen, J Otero, A Plumed, L SalvadorAbstract:Recently new environmental regulations of fossil fuels have further increased interest in the use of waste and biomass for energy generation. Co-combustion is generally viewed as the most cost-effective approach to biomass and wastes utilisation by the electric utility industry. The aim of this paper is to assess the feasibility of co-firing coal and a very specific biomass waste from the olive oil industry: foot cake, in a Fluidised Bed. This waste is quite difficult material to be used in combustion process, due to its high moisture content and alkaline content in ashes. Two different Spanish coals were selected for this study: a lignite and an anthracite. The combustion tests were carried out in the CIEMAT bubbling Fluidised Bed pilot plant. In order to study the effect of different parameters on the emissions and combustion efficiency, the tests were done using different operating conditions: furnace temperature, share of foot cake in the mixtures and coal type. The pilot plant tests show that the combustion of foot cake/lignite or anthracite mixtures in bubbling Fluidised Bed is one way to utilise this biomass residue in energy generation. The presence of foot cake in the mixtures has not any significant effect on the combustion efficiency. SO2 and NOx emissions decrease when the amount of foot cake in the mixtures increases, while N2O emission increases.
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combustion behaviour of rice husk in a bubbling Fluidised Bed
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2002Co-Authors: L Armesto, A. Cabanillas, A. Bahillo, K Veijonen, J OteroAbstract:Abstract The combustion of agro-industrial wastes in power plant seems to be an attractive possibility for the future. In Spain, the food industry generates around 618,000 tonnes of rice husk annually. The rice production is geographically focused in three regions: Valencia, Andalucia and Delta del Ebro. The rice husk is a suitable fuel for the Fluidised Bed combustors. An experimental combustion work using the rice husk as fuel was performed in a 30 kW th atmospheric bubbling Fluidised Bed pilot plant of CIEMAT. The influence of different variables such as temperature, fluidisation velocity on the combustion efficiency and CO emissions was investigated. Combustion efficiency in all test runs was higher than 97%. The characteristics of ash removed from the Bed, cyclones and baghouse were studied. In the Bed ashes, the potassium content increases along the operation hours.
A Sadiki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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feedstock recycling of polymers by pyrolysis in a Fluidised Bed
Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2004Co-Authors: Werner Kaminsky, M Predel, A SadikiAbstract:Feedstock recycling of polymers is an attractive option to recycle the increasing amount of plastic wastes and respond to restrictions for waste disposal in a lot of countries. Different processes are investigated such as degradation of plastics to monomers, pyrolysis into monomers and oil, gasification into syngas. Pyrolysis of mixed plastic wastes and elastomers is a cost-effective process to recover feedstocks for the petrochemical industry. The Hamburg process, using an indirectly heated Fluidised Bed, can be varied to produce mainly monomers, aliphatic hydrocarbons, or aromatics. At temperatures of 450 °C, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is depolymerised to more than 98% of the monomer. The influence of fillers on the monomer yield has been studied. Polystyrene as feed gives up to 75% of styrene and 10% of oligomers. First demonstration plants are running for feedstock recycling of PMMA in a Fluidised Bed.