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Robert J. Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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distribution patterns of three sodium channel mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in rhipicephalus boophilus microplus populations from north and south america south africa and australia
International Journal for Parasitology-Drugs and Drug Resistance, 2012Co-Authors: Leonore Lovis, Robert J. Miller, Felix D. Guerrero, Deanna Bodine, Bruno Betschart, Heinz SagerAbstract:Resistance to synthetic pyrethroids (SP) in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is widespread throughout its distribution area. Three single nucleotide substitutions identified in Domains II and III of the sodium channel gene of R. (B.) microplus are known to be associated with target site pyrethroid resistance. We developed a multiplex PCR using allele-specific primers to amplify wild type or mutated genotypes of the three mutations simultaneously. This assay was used to screen tick samples originating from Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, South Africa and Australia whose phenotype to Flumethrin and cypermethrin had been determined by the use of the Larval Tarsal test (LTT) or the Larval Packet Test (LPT). These mutations were found to have distinct geographical distributions and result in different resistance phenotypes. The L64I Domain II mutation conferring resistance to several SP compounds was found in all the Brazilian, Argentinean and Australian populations and in one South African population, with frequencies between 38% and 100% in Flumethrin and cypermethrin resistant populations. In contrast, this mutation was not found in samples from Mexico, while the Domain III mutation was found exclusively in this country. The G72V Domain II Flumethrin-specific mutation was found in a single Australian population, with a very low resistant allele frequency (3%). The homozygous resistant RR genotype of the L64I Domain II mutation correlated significantly with the survival rates at the discriminating doses of Flumethrin and cypermethrin. This survey shows the widespread distribution of the L64I Domain II mutation and provides evidence of its geographic separation from the Domain III mutation.
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Phenotype changes inherited by crossing pyrethroid susceptible and resistant genotypes from the cattle tick Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2011Co-Authors: G. Aguilar-tipacamú, R. Rosario-cruz, Robert J. Miller, Felix D. Guerrero, R. I. Rodriguez-vivas, Z. García-vázquezAbstract:Dialelic crosses and backcrosses of pyrethroid resistant (RR) and susceptible (SS) Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus ) microplus tick strains were carried out and the substitution (Phe-Ile) within the sodium channel gene was monitored in order to analyze the effects of the genotype on the pyrethroid resistance phenotype as measured by the larval packet test (LPT). Parental strains: susceptible (SS) and resistant (RR); dialelic crosses: RS (♂RR × ♀SS), and SR (♂SS × ♀RR); and backcrosses: RS × SS, RS × RR, SR × SS and SR × RR were infested on 280 kg calves. Resistance type (monogenic or polygenic) and effective dominance were determined based on the discriminant concentration (DC) for cipermethrine (0.5%), deltamethrine (0.09%) and Flumethrine (0.01%). Allele specific PCR (AS-PCR) was used for genotyping, looking at a sodium channel mutation (Phe-Ile substitution). The mortality rates and allele frequency of susceptible and pyrethroid resistant reference strains were 0% mortality and 90% RR alleles for resistant strain, and 100% mortality and 0% RR alleles as measured by the larval packet test (LPT) and allele specific PCR (AS-PCR) respectively. Backcrossed strain SR × RR showed an effective dominance (D_ML) of 0.605 for cypermethrin, 0.639 for deltamethrin and 0.498 for Flumethrin, while survival of backcrosses RS × SS, RS × RR and SR × SS showed a significant tendency to recesivity. Backcrossed strain SR × RR (69.4%) also showed a higher RR genotype frequency with regards to RS × SS (25.5%), RS × RR (36.7%) and SR × SS (32.0%), however, susceptible allele was inherited in general as an incomplete dominant trait. Monogenic inheritance hypothesis was tested and the results showed monogenic inheritance for cypermethrin and Flumethrin ( P 0.05). However, significant correlation was found between RR genotype and the survival rate for all three pyrethroids used ( P
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molecular survey of pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in mexican field populations of rhipicephalus boophilus microplus
Parasitology Research, 2009Co-Authors: Rodrigo Rosariocruz, Robert J. Miller, Felix D. Guerrero, R I Rodriguezvivas, Mary Tijerina, Delia Ines Dominguezgarcia, R Hernandezortiz, Anthony J Cornel, Rory D Mcabee, Miguel Angel AlonsodiazAbstract:Susceptibility to synthetic pyrethroids (SP´s) and the role of two major resistance mechanisms were evaluated in Mexican Rhipicephalus microplus tick populations. Larval packet test (LPT), knock-down (kdr) PCR allele-specific assay (PASA) and esterase activity assays were conducted in tick populations for cypermethrin, Flumethrin and deltamethrin. Esterase activity did not have a significant correlation with SP´s resistance. However a significant correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the presence of the sodium channel mutation, and resistance to SP´s as measured by PASA and LPT respectively. Just over half the populations (16/28) were cross-resistant to Flumethrin, deltamethrin and cypermethrine, 21.4% of the samples (6/28) were susceptible to all of the three pyrethroids 10.7 of the samples (3/28) were resistant to Flumethrin, 3.4 of the samples (1/28) were resistant to deltamethrin only and 7.1% (2/28) were resistant to Flumethrin and deltamethrin. The presence of the kdr mutation correlates with resistance to the SP´s as a class. Target site insensitivity is the major mechanism of resistance to SP´s in Mexican R. microplus field strains, involving the presence of a sodium channel mutation, however, esterase-based, other mutations or combination of mechanisms can also occur.
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Inheritance of pyrethroid resistance and a sodium channel gene mutation in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus
Parasitology Research, 2008Co-Authors: G. Aguilar-tipacamú, Robert J. Miller, R. I. Rodriguez-vivas, Z. García-vázquez, Ruben Hernandez-ortiz, C. Vásquez-peláez, F. Olvera-valencia, R. Rosario-cruzAbstract:A substitution (Phe→Ile) within the sodium channel gene sequence has been associated with pyrethroid resistance in Boophilus microplus . The aim of the present study was to analyze the inheritance of pyrethroid resistance and the mutant allele, on reciprocal crosses of a susceptible (SS) and a resistant (RR) strain. Bioassays and genotypes were determined to evaluate pyrethroid resistance. The resistance allele frequency of both parental strains were 100% and 2.27% for RR and SS, respectively. The reciprocal crosses show a predominance of the heterozygote genotype, in agreement with the significant decrease of the acaricide resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and Flumethrin. However, the RS progeny showed a complete recessive survival ( D _ML = 0) for deltamethrin and Flumethrin, suggesting a complete dominance of the susceptible allele and incomplete dominance for cypermethrin ( D _ML = 0.169). On the other hand, SR progeny showed a partially recessive survival for cypermethrin ( D _ML = 0.380), deltamethrin ( D _ML = 0.319), and Flumethrin ( D _ML = 0.258), indicative of a partially dominant inheritance of the resistance. A possible maternal strain effect should be considered for practical purposes and prediction of acaricide resistance and further work needs to be done to elucidate the underlying inheritance of pyrethroid resistance and the sodium channel mutation in B. microplus .
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Roles played by esterase activity and by a sodium channel mutation involved in pyrethroid resistance in populations of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from Yucatan, Mexico.
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2005Co-Authors: R. Rosario-cruz, Robert J. Miller, Felix D. Guerrero, R. I. Rodriguez-vivas, Anthony J Cornel, Delia Ines Dominguez-garcia, Ruben Hernandez-ortiz, John E GeorgeAbstract:Abstract Pyrethroid resistance in Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae) was studied by correlating discriminating-dose (DD) bioassay results and esterase activity or the frequency of a sodium channel mutation known to be involved in pyrethroid resistance in nine field strains of B. microplus from Yucatan, Mexico. Two tick strains (P67 and B74) were identified as susceptible to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and Flumethrin by DD, one strain (P65) was susceptible to cypermethrin and resistant to deltamethrin and Flumethrin, and six strains were resistant to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and Flumethrin (T11, M10, C54, R49, B71, and T66). By using polymerase chain reaction, only 6.0 and 6.2% of resistance allele (R) was found in the susceptible strains (P67 and B74, respectively). In the T66 strain, with 100% of larval survival to the DD of pyrethroids as measured by the larval packet test (LPT), 98.0% of the gene pool contained the R allele. Positive correlations between the larval survival and the p...
Dorothee Stanneck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prevention of transmission of babesia canis by dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs treated with an imidacloprid Flumethrin collar
Veterinary Parasitology, 2013Co-Authors: Josephus J Fourie, Dorothee Stanneck, Frans JongejanAbstract:Abstract A group of 8 dogs was treated with an imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar (Seresto®) 28 days prior to infestation with adult Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, infected with Babesia canis. The ability of the collar to prevent transmission of B. canis in the treated group was compared to an untreated control group. All 8 dogs in the untreated control group became infected with B. canis parasites, which were detected in blood smears as early as day 6 post tick-application. All control dogs developed clinical signs of babesiosis and were rescue-treated with imidocarb dipropionate. These dogs also developed specific B. canis antibodies as identified by serology (IFA test) and were confirmed PCR/RLB positive. None of the 8 dogs treated with the imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar became infected with B. canis, which was confirmed by the absence of specific B. canis antibodies and babesial DNA as confirmed by PCR/RLB. The collar caused 96.02% of the ticks to die within 48 h post challenge and this increased to 100% within 4 days. Although a high percentage of 44% of the Dermacentor ticks were infected with B. canis, they were unable to transmit the infection to the treated group. Hence, the imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar effectively prevented transmission of B. canis 1 month after application onto the dogs.
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a flea and tick collar containing 10 imidacloprid and 4 5 Flumethrin prevents flea transmission of bartonella henselae in cats
Parasites & Vectors, 2013Co-Authors: Michael R Lappin, W L Davis, Jennifer R Hawley, Melissa Brewer, Arianne K Morris, Dorothee StanneckAbstract:Background Bartonella henselae is transmitted amongst cats by Ctenocephalides felis and is associated with multiple clinical syndromes in cats and people. In a previous study, monthly spot-on administration of 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectin was shown to block transmission of B. henselae amongst cats experimentally exposed to infected C. felis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether application of a flea and tick collar containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% Flumethrin would lessen C. felis transmission of B. henselae amongst cats for 8 months.
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A flea and tick collar containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% Flumethrin prevents flea transmission of Bartonella henselae in cats.
Parasites & Vectors, 2013Co-Authors: Michael R Lappin, W L Davis, Jennifer R Hawley, Melissa Brewer, Arianne K Morris, Dorothee StanneckAbstract:Background Bartonella henselae is transmitted amongst cats by Ctenocephalides felis and is associated with multiple clinical syndromes in cats and people. In a previous study, monthly spot-on administration of 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectin was shown to block transmission of B. henselae amongst cats experimentally exposed to infected C. felis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether application of a flea and tick collar containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% Flumethrin would lessen C. felis transmission of B. henselae amongst cats for 8 months.
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Prevention of transmission of Babesia canis by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs treated with an imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar.
Veterinary parasitology, 2012Co-Authors: Josephus J Fourie, Dorothee Stanneck, Frans JongejanAbstract:A group of 8 dogs was treated with an imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar (Seresto(®)) 28 days prior to infestation with adult Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, infected with Babesia canis. The ability of the collar to prevent transmission of B. canis in the treated group was compared to an untreated control group. All 8 dogs in the untreated control group became infected with B. canis parasites, which were detected in blood smears as early as day 6 post tick-application. All control dogs developed clinical signs of babesiosis and were rescue-treated with imidocarb dipropionate. These dogs also developed specific B. canis antibodies as identified by serology (IFA test) and were confirmed PCR/RLB positive. None of the 8 dogs treated with the imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar became infected with B. canis, which was confirmed by the absence of specific B. canis antibodies and babesial DNA as confirmed by PCR/RLB. The collar caused 96.02% of the ticks to die within 48h post challenge and this increased to 100% within 4 days. Although a high percentage of 44% of the Dermacentor ticks were infected with B. canis, they were unable to transmit the infection to the treated group. Hence, the imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar effectively prevented transmission of B. canis 1 month after application onto the dogs.
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Efficacy of an imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar against fleas and ticks on cats
Parasites & Vectors, 2012Co-Authors: Dorothee Stanneck, Josephus J Fourie, Ivan G Horak, Eva M Kruedewagen, Wendell Davis, Klemens J KriegerAbstract:Background The objectives of the studies listed here were to ascertain the therapeutic and sustained efficacy of 10% imidacloprid (w/w) and 4.5% Flumethrin (w/w) incorporated in a slow-release matrix collar, against laboratory-infestations of fleas and ticks on cats. Efficacy was evaluated against the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis , and the ticks Ixodes ricinus , Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus turanicus . The number of studies was so large that only a general overview can be presented in this abstract. Methods Preventive efficacy was evaluated by infesting groups of cats (n = 8-10) with C. felis felis and/or I. ricinus, A. americanum or R. turanicus at monthly intervals at least, for a period of up to 8 months. Efficacy against fleas was evaluated 24 to 48 h after treatment and 24 h after infestation, and against ticks at 6 h (repellent) or 48 h (acaricidal) after infestation. Efficacy against flea larvae was evaluated over a period of 8 months by incubating viable flea eggs on blanket samples after cat contact. In all cases efficacy was calculated by comparison with untreated negative control groups. Results Efficacy against fleas (24 h) generally exceeded 95% until study termination. In vitro efficacy against flea larvae exceeded 92% until Day 90 and then declined to 67% at the conclusion of the study on Day 230. Sustained acaricidal (48 h) efficacy over a period of eight months was consistently 100% against I. ricinus from Day 2 after treatment, 100% against A. americanum , except for 98.5% and 97.7% at two time-points, and between 94% and 100% against R. turanicus . From Day 2 until 8 months after treatment the repellent (6 h), efficacy was consistently 100% against I. ricinus, and between 54.8% and 85.4% against R. turanicus . Conclusion The rapid insecticidal and acaricidal properties of the medicated collars against newly- acquired infestations of fleas and ticks and their sustained high levels of preventive efficacy have been clearly demonstrated. Taking into account the seasonality of fleas and ticks, the collars have the potential to prevent the transmission of vector-borne diseases and other conditions directly associated with infestation throughout the season of parasite abundance.
Viviana Domenica Tarallo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prevention of feline leishmaniosis with an imidacloprid 10 Flumethrin 4 5 polymer matrix collar
Parasites & Vectors, 2017Co-Authors: Emanuele Brianti, Maria Stefania Latrofa, Viviana Domenica Tarallo, Luigi Falsone, Ettore Napoli, Gabriella Gaglio, Salvatore Giannetto, Maria Grazia Pennisi, Vito Priolo, Fabrizio Solari BasanoAbstract:Leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is one of the most important vector-borne diseases affecting animals and humans worldwide. Dogs are considered main reservoirs of the zoonotic forms, though in the last years the role of cats as reservoirs has been increasingly investigated. Feline leishmaniosis (FeL) occurs in endemic areas and no specific preventive measures have been investigated so far. In this study the efficacy of a 10% imidacloprid/4.5% Flumethrin polymer matrix collar, licensed for tick and flea prevention, has been assessed against FeL in a longitudinal study on 204 privately owned cats from the Aeolian islands (Sicily), an area highly endemic for the disease. From March to May 2015 [Study Day 0 (SD 0)], cats negative for FeL were collared (G1, n = 104) or left untreated (G2, n = 100). Diagnosis consisted of serology and qPCR on blood and conjunctival swabs, which were collected at baseline (SD 0) and at the end of the study (SD 360). Interim clinical examinations were performed on SD 210 (when collars were replaced in G1) and SD 270. Of the 159 cats which completed the study, 5 in G1 and 20 in G2 were positive for L. infantum infection, in at least one of the diagnostic tests leading to a yearly crude incidence of 6.3% and 25.0% in G1 and G2, respectively (P = 0.0026). This translates into an efficacy of the collar of 75.0% in preventing feline Leishmania infection. The collar was generally well tolerated with no systemic adverse reactions and few local skin reactions were observed in the application area in four out of 104 treated cats (3.8%). The 10% imidacloprid/4.5% Flumethrin collar significantly reduced the risk of L. infantum infection in cats. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which a preventative strategy against feline Leishmania infection is assessed under natural conditions. These findings close a gap in veterinary medicine, in that they confirm this collar as a tool in reducing the risk of Leishmania infection in cats. Such a preventative tool could contribute to the reduction of the risk of the disease in animal and in human populations when included in integrated leishmaniosis control programmes.
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Prevention of feline leishmaniosis with an imidacloprid 10%/Flumethrin 4.5% polymer matrix collar.
Parasites & Vectors, 2017Co-Authors: Emanuele Brianti, Maria Stefania Latrofa, Viviana Domenica Tarallo, Luigi Falsone, Ettore Napoli, Gabriella Gaglio, Salvatore Giannetto, Maria Grazia Pennisi, Vito Priolo, Fabrizio Solari BasanoAbstract:Leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is one of the most important vector-borne diseases affecting animals and humans worldwide. Dogs are considered main reservoirs of the zoonotic forms, though in the last years the role of cats as reservoirs has been increasingly investigated. Feline leishmaniosis (FeL) occurs in endemic areas and no specific preventive measures have been investigated so far. In this study the efficacy of a 10% imidacloprid/4.5% Flumethrin polymer matrix collar, licensed for tick and flea prevention, has been assessed against FeL in a longitudinal study on 204 privately owned cats from the Aeolian islands (Sicily), an area highly endemic for the disease. From March to May 2015 [Study Day 0 (SD 0)], cats negative for FeL were collared (G1, n = 104) or left untreated (G2, n = 100). Diagnosis consisted of serology and qPCR on blood and conjunctival swabs, which were collected at baseline (SD 0) and at the end of the study (SD 360). Interim clinical examinations were performed on SD 210 (when collars were replaced in G1) and SD 270. Of the 159 cats which completed the study, 5 in G1 and 20 in G2 were positive for L. infantum infection, in at least one of the diagnostic tests leading to a yearly crude incidence of 6.3% and 25.0% in G1 and G2, respectively (P = 0.0026). This translates into an efficacy of the collar of 75.0% in preventing feline Leishmania infection. The collar was generally well tolerated with no systemic adverse reactions and few local skin reactions were observed in the application area in four out of 104 treated cats (3.8%). The 10% imidacloprid/4.5% Flumethrin collar significantly reduced the risk of L. infantum infection in cats. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which a preventative strategy against feline Leishmania infection is assessed under natural conditions. These findings close a gap in veterinary medicine, in that they confirm this collar as a tool in reducing the risk of Leishmania infection in cats. Such a preventative tool could contribute to the reduction of the risk of the disease in animal and in human populations when included in integrated leishmaniosis control programmes.
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efficacy of an imidacloprid Flumethrin collar against fleas ticks and tick borne pathogens in dogs
Parasites & Vectors, 2013Co-Authors: Filipe Dantastorres, Gioia Capelli, Alessio Giannelli, Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos, Cinzia Cantacessi, Donato De Caprariis, Anna Sara De Tommasi, Maria Stefania Latrofa, Vita Lacasella, Viviana Domenica TaralloAbstract:Background: Tick-borne diseases comprise a group of maladies that are of substantial medical and veterinary significance. A range of tick-borne pathogens, including diverse species of bacteria and protozoa, can infect both dogs and humans. Hence, the control of tick infestations is pivotal to decrease or prevent tick-borne pathogen transmission. Therefore, different commercial products with insecticidal, repellent or both properties have been developed for use on dogs. Recently, a collar containing a combination of imidacloprid 10% and Flumethrin 4.5% has proven effective to prevent tick and flea infestations in dogs under field conditions and the infection by some vector-borne pathogens they transmit under laboratory-controlled conditions. Methods: From March 2011 to April 2012, a field study was conducted in a private shelter in southern Italy to assess the efficacy of the imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar against tick and flea infestations and to determine if this strategy would decrease tick-borne pathogen transmission in young dogs. A total of 122 animals were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to group A (n= 64; collared) or group B (n= 58; untreated controls). Dogs were examined monthly for ticks and fleas and systematically tested for selected tick-borne pathogens. Results: Compared to controls, the collar provided overall efficacies of 99.7% and 100% against tick and flea infestation, respectively. The overall efficacy for the prevention of tick-borne pathogens (i.e., Anaplasma platys and Babesia vogeli) was 91.6%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar is efficacious against flea and tick infestation as well as tick-borne pathogen transmission to dogs under field conditions.
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prevention of canine leishmaniosis in a hyper endemic area using a combination of 10 imidacloprid 4 5 Flumethrin
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Filipe Dantastorres, Cinzia Cantacessi, Donato De Caprariis, Maria Stefania Latrofa, Viviana Domenica Tarallo, Giancarlo Di Paola, Giada Annoscia, Edward B Breitshwerdt, Gioia CapelliAbstract:Background Dogs are the main reservoir hosts of Leishmania infantum, the agent of human zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis. This study investigated the efficacy of a polymer matrix collar containing a combination of 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% Flumethrin as a novel prophylactic measure to prevent L. infantum infections in young dogs from a hyper-endemic area of southern Italy, with a view towards enhancing current control strategies against both human and canine leishmaniosis. Methodology/Principal Findings The study was carried out on 124 young dogs, of which 63 were collared (Group A) while 61 were left untreated (Group B), from March-April 2011 until March 2012. Blood and skin samples were collected at baseline (April 2011) and at the first, second, third and fourth follow-up time points (July, September 2011 and November 2011, and March 2012, respectively). Bone marrow and conjunctiva were sampled at baseline and at the fourth follow-up. Serological, cytological and molecular tests were performed to detect the presence of L. infantum in the different tissues collected. At the end of the trial, no dog from Group A proved positive for L. infantum at any follow-up, whereas 22 dogs from Group B were infected (incidence density rate = 45.1%); therefore, the combination of 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% Flumethrin was 100% efficacious for the prevention of L. infantum infection in young dogs prior to their first exposure to the parasite in a hyper-endemic area for CanL. Conclusions The use of collars containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% Flumethrin conferred long-term protection against infection by L. infantum to dogs located in a hyper-endemic area, thus representing a reliable and sustainable strategy to decrease the frequency and spread of this disease among the canine population which will ultimately result in the reduction of associated risks to human health.
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Prevention of canine leishmaniosis in a hyper-endemic area using a combination of 10% imidacloprid/4.5% Flumethrin.
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Donato De Caprariis, Maria Stefania Latrofa, Viviana Domenica Tarallo, Filipe Dantas-torres, Giancarlo Di Paola, Giada Annoscia, Edward B Breitshwerdt, Cinzia CantacessiAbstract:Background Dogs are the main reservoir hosts of Leishmania infantum, the agent of human zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis. This study investigated the efficacy of a polymer matrix collar containing a combination of 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% Flumethrin as a novel prophylactic measure to prevent L. infantum infections in young dogs from a hyper-endemic area of southern Italy, with a view towards enhancing current control strategies against both human and canine leishmaniosis. Methodology/Principal Findings The study was carried out on 124 young dogs, of which 63 were collared (Group A) while 61 were left untreated (Group B), from March-April 2011 until March 2012. Blood and skin samples were collected at baseline (April 2011) and at the first, second, third and fourth follow-up time points (July, September 2011 and November 2011, and March 2012, respectively). Bone marrow and conjunctiva were sampled at baseline and at the fourth follow-up. Serological, cytological and molecular tests were performed to detect the presence of L. infantum in the different tissues collected. At the end of the trial, no dog from Group A proved positive for L. infantum at any follow-up, whereas 22 dogs from Group B were infected (incidence density rate = 45.1%); therefore, the combination of 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% Flumethrin was 100% efficacious for the prevention of L. infantum infection in young dogs prior to their first exposure to the parasite in a hyper-endemic area for CanL. Conclusions The use of collars containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% Flumethrin conferred long-term protection against infection by L. infantum to dogs located in a hyper-endemic area, thus representing a reliable and sustainable strategy to decrease the frequency and spread of this disease among the canine population which will ultimately result in the reduction of associated risks to human health.
William R. Everett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative Efficacy of an Imidacloprid/Flumethrin Collar (Seresto^®) and an Oral Afoxolaner Chewable (NexGard^®) against Tick (Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma americanum) Infestations on Dogs: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Parasitology Research, 2015Co-Authors: Cameon M. Ohmes, Terry Settje, Joe Hostetler, Wendell L. Davis, William R. EverettAbstract:This randomised controlled laboratory study demonstrated the residual speed of efficacy of an imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar (Seresto^®, Bayer) for the control of ticks ( Dermacentor variabilis , Amblyomma americanum ) at 6 and 12 hours postinfestation on dogs when compared to oral afoxolaner (NexGard^®, Merial). Dogs were randomised by pre-treatment tick counts: Group 1) imidacloprid 10 % (w/w) / Flumethrin 4.5 % (w/w) collar, 2) afoxolaner chewable (dosage 3.1 – 6.2 mg/kg), and 3) non-treated controls. Ticks (50/species/dog) were infested on days 3, 14, 21, and 28; live (attached and non-attached) and dead attached ticks were counted 6 and 12 hours later. Efficacy against live D. variabilis at 6 hours for Group 1 was 95 – 100 % and for Group 2 was 38 – 48 %; efficacy at 12 hours for Group 1 was 97 – 100 % and for Group 2 was 27 – 59 %. Efficacy against A. americanum at 6 hours for Group 1 was 94 – 100 % and for Group 2 was < 0 – 38 %; efficacy at 12 hours for Group 1 was 98 – 100 % and for Group 2 was 1 – 40 %. Live and total (total live and dead attached) tick counts in Group 1 against both tick species were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) than Group 2 and 3 at all time points. The number of live or total ticks on Group 2 dogs was never significantly lower when compared to the respective number of ticks on Group 3 (controls). This study demonstrated that an imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar was highly efficacious (94 – 100 %) at repelling and killing ticks on dogs at 6 and 12 hours post-infestation and was more efficacious than afoxolaner on all challenge days.
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Comparative Efficacy of an Imidacloprid/Flumethrin Collar (Seresto^®) and an Oral Fluralaner Chewable Tablet (Bravecto^®) against Tick (Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma americanum) Infestations on Dogs: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Parasitology Research, 2015Co-Authors: Cameon M. Ohmes, Terry Settje, Joe Hostetler, Wendell L. Davis, Amy Mcminn, William R. EverettAbstract:This controlled laboratory study demonstrated the residual speed of efficacy of an imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar (Seresto^®, Bayer) for the control of ticks ( Dermacentor variabilis, Amblyomma americanum ) at 6 and 12 hours post-infestation on dogs when compared to oral fluralaner (Bravecto^®, Merck). Dogs were randomised by pre-treatment tick counts: Group 1) imidacloprid 10 % (w/w)/Flumethrin 4.5 % (w/w) collar, 2) fluralaner (dosage 25.1 – 49.4 mg/kg), and 3) non-treated controls. Ticks (50/species/dog) were infested on days 3, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56 followed by 50 D. variabilis on days 70 and 84. Live and dead attached ticks were counted 6 and 12 hours later. Efficacy against both species at 6 and 12 hours for Group 1 was 94 – 100 %. Efficacy for Group 2 against both species at 6 hours was 4 – 69 %; efficacy at 12 hours was 8 – 100 %. Live (attached and non-attached) tick counts at 6 hours in Group 1 were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) than counts in Group 2 and 3 on all days. At 12 hours, live counts were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) in Group 1 than Group 2 for D. variabilis from days 56 – 84 and for A. americanum from days 28 – 56. There were significantly fewer (p ≤ 0.05) total ticks (total live and dead attached) on dogs in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and 3 at all time points. This study demonstrated that an imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar was highly efficacious (94 – 100 %) at repelling and killing ticks on dogs at 6 and 12 hours post-infestation and was more efficacious than fluralaner as early as 6 hours post-infestation on all challenge days.
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comparative efficacy of an imidacloprid Flumethrin collar seresto and an oral afoxolaner chewable nexgard against tick dermacentor variabilis and amblyomma americanum infestations on dogs a randomised controlled trial
Parasitology Research, 2015Co-Authors: Cameon M. Ohmes, W L Davis, Terry Settje, Joe Hostetler, William R. EverettAbstract:This randomised controlled laboratory study demonstrated the residual speed of efficacy of an imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar (Seresto®, Bayer) for the control of ticks (Dermacentor variabilis, Amblyomma americanum) at 6 and 12 hours postinfestation on dogs when compared to oral afoxolaner (NexGard®, Merial). Dogs were randomised by pre-treatment tick counts: Group 1) imidacloprid 10 % (w/w) / Flumethrin 4.5 % (w/w) collar, 2) afoxolaner chewable (dosage 3.1 – 6.2 mg/kg), and 3) non-treated controls. Ticks (50/species/dog) were infested on days 3, 14, 21, and 28; live (attached and non-attached) and dead attached ticks were counted 6 and 12 hours later. Efficacy against live D. variabilis at 6 hours for Group 1 was 95 – 100 % and for Group 2 was 38 – 48 %; efficacy at 12 hours for Group 1 was 97 – 100 % and for Group 2 was 27 – 59 %. Efficacy against A. americanum at 6 hours for Group 1 was 94 – 100 % and for Group 2 was < 0 – 38 %; efficacy at 12 hours for Group 1 was 98 – 100 % and for Group 2 was 1 – 40 %. Live and total (total live and dead attached) tick counts in Group 1 against both tick species were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) than Group 2 and 3 at all time points. The number of live or total ticks on Group 2 dogs was never significantly lower when compared to the respective number of ticks on Group 3 (controls). This study demonstrated that an imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar was highly efficacious (94 – 100 %) at repelling and killing ticks on dogs at 6 and 12 hours post-infestation and was more efficacious than afoxolaner on all challenge days.
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efficacy of an imidacloprid Flumethrin collar against fleas ticks and tick borne pathogens in dogs
Parasites & Vectors, 2013Co-Authors: Filipe Dantastorres, Gioia Capelli, Alessio Giannelli, Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos, Cinzia Cantacessi, Donato De Caprariis, Anna Sara De Tommasi, Maria Stefania Latrofa, Vita Lacasella, Viviana Domenica TaralloAbstract:Background: Tick-borne diseases comprise a group of maladies that are of substantial medical and veterinary significance. A range of tick-borne pathogens, including diverse species of bacteria and protozoa, can infect both dogs and humans. Hence, the control of tick infestations is pivotal to decrease or prevent tick-borne pathogen transmission. Therefore, different commercial products with insecticidal, repellent or both properties have been developed for use on dogs. Recently, a collar containing a combination of imidacloprid 10% and Flumethrin 4.5% has proven effective to prevent tick and flea infestations in dogs under field conditions and the infection by some vector-borne pathogens they transmit under laboratory-controlled conditions. Methods: From March 2011 to April 2012, a field study was conducted in a private shelter in southern Italy to assess the efficacy of the imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar against tick and flea infestations and to determine if this strategy would decrease tick-borne pathogen transmission in young dogs. A total of 122 animals were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to group A (n= 64; collared) or group B (n= 58; untreated controls). Dogs were examined monthly for ticks and fleas and systematically tested for selected tick-borne pathogens. Results: Compared to controls, the collar provided overall efficacies of 99.7% and 100% against tick and flea infestation, respectively. The overall efficacy for the prevention of tick-borne pathogens (i.e., Anaplasma platys and Babesia vogeli) was 91.6%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar is efficacious against flea and tick infestation as well as tick-borne pathogen transmission to dogs under field conditions.
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Efficacy of an imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar against fleas, ticks and tick-borne pathogens in dogs
Parasites & Vectors, 2013Co-Authors: Filipe Dantas-torres, Gioia Capelli, Alessio Giannelli, Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos, Cinzia Cantacessi, Donato De Caprariis, Anna Sara De Tommasi, Maria Stefania Latrofa, Vita LacasellaAbstract:Background: Tick-borne diseases comprise a group of maladies that are of substantial medical and veterinary significance. A range of tick-borne pathogens, including diverse species of bacteria and protozoa, can infect both dogs and humans. Hence, the control of tick infestations is pivotal to decrease or prevent tick-borne pathogen transmission. Therefore, different commercial products with insecticidal, repellent or both properties have been developed for use on dogs. Recently, a collar containing a combination of imidacloprid 10% and Flumethrin 4.5% has proven effective to prevent tick and flea infestations in dogs under field conditions and the infection by some vector-borne pathogens they transmit under laboratory-controlled conditions. Methods: From March 2011 to April 2012, a field study was conducted in a private shelter in southern Italy to assess the efficacy of the imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar against tick and flea infestations and to determine if this strategy would decrease tick-borne pathogen transmission in young dogs. A total of 122 animals were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to group A (n= 64; collared) or group B (n= 58; untreated controls). Dogs were examined monthly for ticks and fleas and systematically tested for selected tick-borne pathogens. Results: Compared to controls, the collar provided overall efficacies of 99.7% and 100% against tick and flea infestation, respectively. The overall efficacy for the prevention of tick-borne pathogens (i.e., Anaplasma platys and Babesia vogeli) was 91.6%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the imidacloprid/Flumethrin collar is efficacious against flea and tick infestation as well as tick-borne pathogen transmission to dogs under field conditions.
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prevention of canine leishmaniosis in a hyper endemic area using a combination of 10 imidacloprid 4 5 Flumethrin
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Domenico Otranto, Filipe Dantastorres, Cinzia Cantacessi, Donato De Caprariis, Maria Stefania Latrofa, Viviana Domenica Tarallo, Giancarlo Di Paola, Giada Annoscia, Edward B Breitshwerdt, Gioia CapelliAbstract:Background Dogs are the main reservoir hosts of Leishmania infantum, the agent of human zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis. This study investigated the efficacy of a polymer matrix collar containing a combination of 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% Flumethrin as a novel prophylactic measure to prevent L. infantum infections in young dogs from a hyper-endemic area of southern Italy, with a view towards enhancing current control strategies against both human and canine leishmaniosis. Methodology/Principal Findings The study was carried out on 124 young dogs, of which 63 were collared (Group A) while 61 were left untreated (Group B), from March-April 2011 until March 2012. Blood and skin samples were collected at baseline (April 2011) and at the first, second, third and fourth follow-up time points (July, September 2011 and November 2011, and March 2012, respectively). Bone marrow and conjunctiva were sampled at baseline and at the fourth follow-up. Serological, cytological and molecular tests were performed to detect the presence of L. infantum in the different tissues collected. At the end of the trial, no dog from Group A proved positive for L. infantum at any follow-up, whereas 22 dogs from Group B were infected (incidence density rate = 45.1%); therefore, the combination of 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% Flumethrin was 100% efficacious for the prevention of L. infantum infection in young dogs prior to their first exposure to the parasite in a hyper-endemic area for CanL. Conclusions The use of collars containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% Flumethrin conferred long-term protection against infection by L. infantum to dogs located in a hyper-endemic area, thus representing a reliable and sustainable strategy to decrease the frequency and spread of this disease among the canine population which will ultimately result in the reduction of associated risks to human health.