The Experts below are selected from a list of 1341 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Juntao Feng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Baseline Sensitivity and Toxic Action of the Sterol Demethylation Inhibitor Flusilazole Against Botrytis cinerea.
Plant disease, 2020Co-Authors: Yong Wang, Miaomaio Wang, Yang Sun, Juntao FengAbstract:In the present study, a total of 95 Botrytis cinerea single-spore strains collected from different hosts in Shaanxi Province of China were characterized for their sensitivity to the sterol demethylation inhibitor fungicide Flusilazole. The effective concentration for 50% inhibition of mycelial growth (EC50) of Flusilazole ranged from 0.021 to 0.372 µg/ml, with an average value of 0.093 µg/ml. Cross-resistance between Flusilazole and commonly used fungicides was not detected, and no Flusilazole-resistant mutants were induced. Both on detached strawberry leaves and in greenhouse experiments, Flusilazole was more effective than the commonly used fungicide carbendazim at reducing gray mold. After culture on PDA plates or detached strawberry leaves, no difference in sclerotia production or pathogenicity was detected between two strains, WG12 (most sensitive to Flusilazole) and MX18 (least sensitive to Flusilazole). After treatment with Flusilazole, however, the two strains lost the ability to produce sclerotia, and oxalic acid and ergosterol contents in mycelium decreased. Interestingly, the inhibition rate of ergosterol content in MX18 was significantly lower than that in WG12. Expression of Cyp51, BcatrD, and Bcmfs1 genes all increased after treatment with Flusilazole, especially the Cyp51 and BcatrD genes. However, the expression of Cyp51 gene or BcatrD gene in WG12 and MX18 were significantly different from each other after treatment with Flusilazole. In addition, no point mutations in Cyp51 gene were found in MX18. These data suggest Flusilazole is a promising fungicide for resistance management of gray mold and also provided novel insights into understanding the resistance mechanism of Flusilazole against plant pathogens.
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Baseline sensitivity and action mechanism of the sterol demethylation inhibitor Flusilazole to Valsa mali
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Yong Wang, Lin Jiang, Miao-miao Wang, Juntao FengAbstract:Abstract The apple Valsa canker caused by Valsa mali is a devastating branch disease that has seriously threatened the development of the apple industry worldwide. In current study, a total of 115 V. mali strains collected from different apple orchards in Shaanxi Province of China during 2016 and 2017 were tested for their sensitivity to Flusilazole. The average EC50 (effective concentrations causing 50% mycelial growth inhibition) value of all tested strains for Flusilazole was 0.0892 (±0.0036) μg/mL and the frequency distribution of the EC50 values was unimodal. Flusilazole exhibited both excellent protective and curative activity on detached apple branches, which was significantly better than the commonly used fungicide thiophanate-methyl. After Flusilazole treatment, mycelia twisted with offshoot of top increased, the V. mali strains lost the ability of fruiting body production, and cell membrane permeability of the mycelia increased while ergosterol content and pectinase activity decreased. The expression of pectinase genes involved in virulence down-regulated after Flusilazole treatment. This study is the first report on the baseline sensitivity of V. mali to Flusilazole. These results indicated that Flusilazole has a great potential to play an important role in the management of Valsa canker.
Xin Xiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Supramolecular Fluorescence Probe Based on Twisted Cucurbit[14]uril for Sensing Fungicide Flusilazole.
Frontiers in chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Ying Fan, Rui-han Gao, Ying Huang, Bing Bian, Zhu Tao, Xin XiaoAbstract:The host-guest complex of the common dye, thioflavin T (ThT), and twisted cucurbit[14]uril (tQ[14]) was selected as a fluorescent probe to determine non-fluorescent triazole fungicides, including Flusilazole, azaconazole, triadimefon, tebuconazole, tricyclazole, flutriafol, penconazole, and triadimenol isomer A, in an aqueous solution. The experimental results reveal that the ThT@tQ[14] probe selectively responded to Flusilazole with significant fluorescence quenching and a detection limit of 1.27 × 10-8 mol/L. In addition, the response mechanism involves not only a cooperation interaction-ThT occupies a side-cavity of the tQ[14] host and the triazole fungicide occupies another side-cavity of the tQ[14] host-but also a competition interaction in which both ThT and the triazole fungicide occupy the side-cavities of the tQ[14] host.
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Data_Sheet_1_Supramolecular Fluorescence Probe Based on Twisted Cucurbit[14]uril for Sensing Fungicide Flusilazole.doc
2019Co-Authors: Ying Fan, Rui-han Gao, Ying Huang, Bing Bian, Zhu Tao, Xin XiaoAbstract:The host-guest complex of the common dye, thioflavin T (ThT), and twisted cucurbit[14]uril (tQ[14]) was selected as a fluorescent probe to determine non-fluorescent triazole fungicides, including Flusilazole, azaconazole, triadimefon, tebuconazole, tricyclazole, flutriafol, penconazole, and triadimenol isomer A, in an aqueous solution. The experimental results reveal that the ThT@tQ[14] probe selectively responded to Flusilazole with significant fluorescence quenching and a detection limit of 1.27 × 10−8 mol/L. In addition, the response mechanism involves not only a cooperation interaction—ThT occupies a side-cavity of the tQ[14] host and the triazole fungicide occupies another side-cavity of the tQ[14] host—but also a competition interaction in which both ThT and the triazole fungicide occupy the side-cavities of the tQ[14] host.
Yong Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Baseline Sensitivity and Toxic Action of the Sterol Demethylation Inhibitor Flusilazole Against Botrytis cinerea.
Plant disease, 2020Co-Authors: Yong Wang, Miaomaio Wang, Yang Sun, Juntao FengAbstract:In the present study, a total of 95 Botrytis cinerea single-spore strains collected from different hosts in Shaanxi Province of China were characterized for their sensitivity to the sterol demethylation inhibitor fungicide Flusilazole. The effective concentration for 50% inhibition of mycelial growth (EC50) of Flusilazole ranged from 0.021 to 0.372 µg/ml, with an average value of 0.093 µg/ml. Cross-resistance between Flusilazole and commonly used fungicides was not detected, and no Flusilazole-resistant mutants were induced. Both on detached strawberry leaves and in greenhouse experiments, Flusilazole was more effective than the commonly used fungicide carbendazim at reducing gray mold. After culture on PDA plates or detached strawberry leaves, no difference in sclerotia production or pathogenicity was detected between two strains, WG12 (most sensitive to Flusilazole) and MX18 (least sensitive to Flusilazole). After treatment with Flusilazole, however, the two strains lost the ability to produce sclerotia, and oxalic acid and ergosterol contents in mycelium decreased. Interestingly, the inhibition rate of ergosterol content in MX18 was significantly lower than that in WG12. Expression of Cyp51, BcatrD, and Bcmfs1 genes all increased after treatment with Flusilazole, especially the Cyp51 and BcatrD genes. However, the expression of Cyp51 gene or BcatrD gene in WG12 and MX18 were significantly different from each other after treatment with Flusilazole. In addition, no point mutations in Cyp51 gene were found in MX18. These data suggest Flusilazole is a promising fungicide for resistance management of gray mold and also provided novel insights into understanding the resistance mechanism of Flusilazole against plant pathogens.
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Baseline sensitivity and action mechanism of the sterol demethylation inhibitor Flusilazole to Valsa mali
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2020Co-Authors: Yong Wang, Lin Jiang, Miao-miao Wang, Juntao FengAbstract:Abstract The apple Valsa canker caused by Valsa mali is a devastating branch disease that has seriously threatened the development of the apple industry worldwide. In current study, a total of 115 V. mali strains collected from different apple orchards in Shaanxi Province of China during 2016 and 2017 were tested for their sensitivity to Flusilazole. The average EC50 (effective concentrations causing 50% mycelial growth inhibition) value of all tested strains for Flusilazole was 0.0892 (±0.0036) μg/mL and the frequency distribution of the EC50 values was unimodal. Flusilazole exhibited both excellent protective and curative activity on detached apple branches, which was significantly better than the commonly used fungicide thiophanate-methyl. After Flusilazole treatment, mycelia twisted with offshoot of top increased, the V. mali strains lost the ability of fruiting body production, and cell membrane permeability of the mycelia increased while ergosterol content and pectinase activity decreased. The expression of pectinase genes involved in virulence down-regulated after Flusilazole treatment. This study is the first report on the baseline sensitivity of V. mali to Flusilazole. These results indicated that Flusilazole has a great potential to play an important role in the management of Valsa canker.
Fuxing Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hormetic Effects of Flusilazole Preconditioning on Mycelial Growth and Virulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Plant disease, 2018Co-Authors: Fuxing ZhuAbstract:Hormetic effects of fungicides are highly relevant to fungicide applications and management of plant-pathogenic fungi. Preconditioning (i.e., early exposure to relatively low doses of a toxicant) is a special form of hormesis, and fungicide preconditioning of phytopathogenic fungi is inevitable in the field. The present study showed that spraying the demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide Flusilazole at 0.1 µg/ml had stimulatory effects on the virulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum inoculated at 1 and 24 h after spraying. Flusilazole sprayed at 10 µg/ml showed inhibitory effects on the virulence of S. sclerotiorum inoculated during the first 3 days after spraying. Inoculations on the 5th, 7th, and 10th day after spraying did not show any significant inhibitory or stimulatory effects on the virulence. After growing for 2 days on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with Flusilazole at a dose range from 0.0005 to 0.25 µg/ml as preconditioning treatments, mycelia were transferred onto PDA without fungicide and subsequent mycelial growth was slower than the nonpreconditioned control. However, after the preconditioned colonies were transferred onto PDA supplemented with Flusilazole at 0.2 µg/ml, percent stimulations of mycelia growth compared with the control had a parabolic shape across the preconditioning Flusilazole concentration range. Similarly, the mycelial growth of the preconditioned mycelial plugs on PDA amended with other DMI fungicides (prochloraz or tebuconazole) also showed a typical hormetic response, whereas mycelial growth on PDA amended with carbendazim or dimethachlone was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Preconditioning S. sclerotiorum with Flusilazole on rapeseed plants elicited virulence stimulations in a dose-dependent manner similar to those on mycelial growth on PDA. After disease lesions developed on rapeseed leaves sprayed with Flusilazole as the preconditioning treatment were inoculated onto rapeseed plants, virulence was inhibited on leaves without fungicide or sprayed with carbendazim or dimethachlone compared with the nonpreconditioned control, whereas virulence was stimulated on leaves sprayed with Flusilazole, prochloraz, or tebuconazole, and the maximum percent stimulation was 10.2%. These results will advance our understanding of hormetic effects of fungicides and of preconditioning hormesis in particular.
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Stimulatory Effects of Flusilazole on Virulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
Plant disease, 2017Co-Authors: Ran Zhang, Menglong Cong, Fuxing ZhuAbstract:Flusilazole, a member of the demethylation inhibitor fungicides, is highly efficacious for control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. To achieve judicious applications of Flusilazole, its hormetic effects on virulence of S. sclerotiorum were investigated. Flusilazole sprayed at concentrations from 0.02 to 0.5 μg/ml caused statistically significant (P < 0.05) stimulatory effects on virulence of S. sclerotiorum to potted rapeseed plants, and the maximum stimulation magnitudes were 11.0 and 10.7% for isolates GS-7 and HN-24, respectively. Studies on the time course of the infection process showed that a stimulatory effect on virulence could be discerned at 18 h postinoculation, indicating a direct stimulation mechanism rather than an overcompensation for initial inhibitions. In order to determine whether the stimulations were caused mainly by effects of Flusilazole on S. sclerotiorum or on rapeseed plants, mycelia grown on Flusilazole-amended potato dextrose agar (PDA) media were inoculated on leaves of rapeseed p...
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baseline sensitivity and toxic action of Flusilazole to sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Crop Protection, 2015Co-Authors: Zu-qing Zhu, Fuxing ZhuAbstract:The ascomycete fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a notorious plant pathogen with a broad host range and worldwide distribution. The demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide Flusilazole has not been registered for control of S. sclerotiorum in China. In this study, baseline sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum to Flusilazole was established and toxic actions of Flusilazole on S. sclerotiorum were assessed. The frequency distribution of Flusilazole EC50 values of 150 isolates was unimodal, and the mean EC50 value was 0.1273 μg/ml with individual EC50 values ranging from 0.0227 to 0.3436 μg/ml. No significant (P ≧ 0.152) positive or negative correlation was found between sensitivity to Flusilazole and to tebuconazole or boscalid. Flusilazole sprayed at 90 μg/ml provided a preventive efficacy of 85.2% and a curative efficacy of 58.9% against S. sclerotiorum on potted oilseed rape plants. After growing on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with Flusilazole at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 μg/ml for 21 d, the number and weight of sclerotia per plate were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) compared to the untreated control. Mycelial cell membrane permeability was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for S. sclerotiorum grown on PDA amended with Flusilazole at 0.03, 0.06 or 0.12 μg/ml than that of the untreated control. The reduced cell membrane permeability might be due to the thickening of mycelial cell walls after growing on Flusilazole-amended PDA, as indicated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations.
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Baseline sensitivity and toxic action of Flusilazole to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Crop Protection, 2015Co-Authors: Zu-qing Zhu, Fuxing ZhuAbstract:The ascomycete fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a notorious plant pathogen with a broad host range and worldwide distribution. The demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide Flusilazole has not been registered for control of S. sclerotiorum in China. In this study, baseline sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum to Flusilazole was established and toxic actions of Flusilazole on S. sclerotiorum were assessed. The frequency distribution of Flusilazole EC50 values of 150 isolates was unimodal, and the mean EC50 value was 0.1273 μg/ml with individual EC50 values ranging from 0.0227 to 0.3436 μg/ml. No significant (P ≧ 0.152) positive or negative correlation was found between sensitivity to Flusilazole and to tebuconazole or boscalid. Flusilazole sprayed at 90 μg/ml provided a preventive efficacy of 85.2% and a curative efficacy of 58.9% against S. sclerotiorum on potted oilseed rape plants. After growing on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with Flusilazole at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 μg/ml for 21 d, the number and weight of sclerotia per plate were significantly reduced (P
Ying Fan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Supramolecular Fluorescence Probe Based on Twisted Cucurbit[14]uril for Sensing Fungicide Flusilazole.
Frontiers in chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Ying Fan, Rui-han Gao, Ying Huang, Bing Bian, Zhu Tao, Xin XiaoAbstract:The host-guest complex of the common dye, thioflavin T (ThT), and twisted cucurbit[14]uril (tQ[14]) was selected as a fluorescent probe to determine non-fluorescent triazole fungicides, including Flusilazole, azaconazole, triadimefon, tebuconazole, tricyclazole, flutriafol, penconazole, and triadimenol isomer A, in an aqueous solution. The experimental results reveal that the ThT@tQ[14] probe selectively responded to Flusilazole with significant fluorescence quenching and a detection limit of 1.27 × 10-8 mol/L. In addition, the response mechanism involves not only a cooperation interaction-ThT occupies a side-cavity of the tQ[14] host and the triazole fungicide occupies another side-cavity of the tQ[14] host-but also a competition interaction in which both ThT and the triazole fungicide occupy the side-cavities of the tQ[14] host.
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Data_Sheet_1_Supramolecular Fluorescence Probe Based on Twisted Cucurbit[14]uril for Sensing Fungicide Flusilazole.doc
2019Co-Authors: Ying Fan, Rui-han Gao, Ying Huang, Bing Bian, Zhu Tao, Xin XiaoAbstract:The host-guest complex of the common dye, thioflavin T (ThT), and twisted cucurbit[14]uril (tQ[14]) was selected as a fluorescent probe to determine non-fluorescent triazole fungicides, including Flusilazole, azaconazole, triadimefon, tebuconazole, tricyclazole, flutriafol, penconazole, and triadimenol isomer A, in an aqueous solution. The experimental results reveal that the ThT@tQ[14] probe selectively responded to Flusilazole with significant fluorescence quenching and a detection limit of 1.27 × 10−8 mol/L. In addition, the response mechanism involves not only a cooperation interaction—ThT occupies a side-cavity of the tQ[14] host and the triazole fungicide occupies another side-cavity of the tQ[14] host—but also a competition interaction in which both ThT and the triazole fungicide occupy the side-cavities of the tQ[14] host.