The Experts below are selected from a list of 18459 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Yuan Hu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • functionalized lignin for halogen free flame retardant rigid polyurethane Foam preparation thermal stability fire performance and mechanical properties
    Journal of Polymer Research, 2013
    Co-Authors: Weiyi Xing, Haixia Yuan, Ping Zhang, Hongyu Yang, Lei Song, Yuan Hu
    Abstract:

    Halogen-free flame retardant rigid polyurethane Foams (RPUF) were synthesized by substituting a part of polyther polyol with polyol-modified lignin and filled with phenolic encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (PFAPP). Lignin was chemically modified with flame retardant elements, phosphorous, via a three-step reaction. The Foams maintained a regular cell structure and had even smaller average cell size than pure Foam. The effects of lignin polyol and PFAPP on the apparent density, compressive strength were discussed. The thermal stability, flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of the Foams are improved. Compared with pure Foam (0.2 % char residue at 700 °C), modified Foam with lignin and PFAPP exhibits much higher char formation (42.7 % char residue at 700 °C). The FR properties of these modified Foams were evaluated by cone calorimeter and limiting oxygen index (LOI). The modified lignin in Foam System further reduces the heat release rate and shows the combustion process. The addition of 15 % PFAPP and 10 % modified lignin into RPUF led to a considerable increase of the compressive strength with respect to the neat RPUF.

Alessandro Dell’era - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Gas conditioning in H2 rich syngas production by biomass steam gasification: Experimental comparison between three innovative ceramic filter candles
    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Andria D'orazio, Sergio Rapagna, Steffen Heidenreich, Katia Gallucci, M. Nacken, A. Di Carlo, Alessandro Dell’era
    Abstract:

    Abstract The biomass steam gasification is a promising path to obtain hydrogen-rich syngas and to improve the global efficiency for cogeneration purposes. The present study reports the results of a campaign of steam gasification tests performed in a bench-scale gasifier (0.1 m ID) housing in its freeboard a ceramic filter, in a temperature range of 800 °C–815 °C. Three new ceramic filters have been tested: (i) noncatalytic candle with new support, (ii) filter candle with catalytic layer, (iii) filter candle with new integrated catalytic Foam System and results were compared to those obtained in tests without candle. The volume composition of the syngas was monitored and analyzed by online measurement by means of infrared – thermal conductivity detector (IR-TCD) facilities to evaluate the CO, CO2, CH4, H2, NH3 composition. The Topping Atmosphere Residue (tar) content was evaluated by gas-chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS) facility; gas yield, water conversion and char conversion were also calculated from direct measurements. The best results were obtained in the case of innovative catalytic filter in association with cycled olivine bed, obtaining gas yield equal to 1.80 Nm3/kgdaf (vs 1.00 Nm3/kgdaf without candle); observed to theoretical water conversion ratio equal to 0.88 (vs 0.33); H2 volume content equal to 56% (vs 39%); total tar content equal to 0.14 g/Nm3 (vs 6 g/Nm3).

Weiyi Xing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • functionalized lignin for halogen free flame retardant rigid polyurethane Foam preparation thermal stability fire performance and mechanical properties
    Journal of Polymer Research, 2013
    Co-Authors: Weiyi Xing, Haixia Yuan, Ping Zhang, Hongyu Yang, Lei Song, Yuan Hu
    Abstract:

    Halogen-free flame retardant rigid polyurethane Foams (RPUF) were synthesized by substituting a part of polyther polyol with polyol-modified lignin and filled with phenolic encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (PFAPP). Lignin was chemically modified with flame retardant elements, phosphorous, via a three-step reaction. The Foams maintained a regular cell structure and had even smaller average cell size than pure Foam. The effects of lignin polyol and PFAPP on the apparent density, compressive strength were discussed. The thermal stability, flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of the Foams are improved. Compared with pure Foam (0.2 % char residue at 700 °C), modified Foam with lignin and PFAPP exhibits much higher char formation (42.7 % char residue at 700 °C). The FR properties of these modified Foams were evaluated by cone calorimeter and limiting oxygen index (LOI). The modified lignin in Foam System further reduces the heat release rate and shows the combustion process. The addition of 15 % PFAPP and 10 % modified lignin into RPUF led to a considerable increase of the compressive strength with respect to the neat RPUF.

Dell'era Alessandro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Gas conditioning in H2 rich syngas production by biomass steam gasification: Experimental comparison between three innovative ceramic filter candles
    'Elsevier BV', 2015
    Co-Authors: D'orazio A, Rapagnà S., Foscolo P. U., Gallucci K., Nacke M., Heidenreich S., Di Carlo A., Dell'era Alessandro
    Abstract:

    The biomass steam gasification is a promising path to obtain hydrogen-rich syngas and to improve the global efficiency for cogeneration purposes. The present study reports the results of a campaign of steamgasification tests performed in a bench-scale gasifier (0.1mID) housing in its freeboard a ceramic filter, in a temperature range of 800 Ce815 C. Three new ceramic filters have been tested: (i) noncatalytic candle with new support, (ii) filter candle with catalytic layer, (iii) filter candle with new integrated catalytic Foam System and results were compared to those obtained in tests without candle. The volume composition of the syngas was monitored and analyzed by online measurement by means of infrared e thermal conductivity detector (IR-TCD) facilities to evaluate the CO, CO2, CH4, H2, NH3 composition. The Topping Atmosphere Residue (tar) content was evaluated by gas-chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS) facility; gas yield, water conversion and char conversion were also calculated from direct measurements. The best results were obtained in the case of innovative catalytic filter in association with cycled olivine bed, obtaining gas yield equal to 1.80 Nm3/kgdaf (vs 1.00 Nm3/kgdaf without candle); observed to theoretical water conversion ratio equal to 0.88 (vs 0.33); H2 volume content equal to 56% (vs 39%); total tar content equal to 0.14 g/Nm3 (vs 6 g/Nm3)

Ahmed Elgafy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • graphite Foams infiltrated with phase change materials as alternative materials for space and terrestrial thermal energy storage applications
    Carbon, 2008
    Co-Authors: Khalid Lafdi, Osama Mesalam Mesalhy, Ahmed Elgafy
    Abstract:

    In this work, a numerical study is proposed to investigate and predict the thermal performance of graphite Foams infiltrated with phase change materials, PCMs, for space and terrestrial energy storage Systems. The numerical model is based on a volume averaging technique while a finite volume method has been used to discretize the heat diffusion equation. A line-by-line solver based on tri-diagonal matrix algorithm has been used to iteratively solve the algebraic discretization equations. Because of the high thermal conductivity of graphite Foams, the PCM-Foam System thermal performance has been improved significantly. For space applications, the average value of the output power of the new energy storage System has been increased by more than eight times. While for terrestrial applications, the average output power using carbon Foam of porosity 97% is about five times greater than that for using pure PCM.