The Experts below are selected from a list of 270 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Spencer E. Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Jet fuel Thermal Stability - Lab testing for JP8+100
SAE Technical Paper Series, 2002Co-Authors: David R Forester, Bharat B Malik, Spencer E. TaylorAbstract:The continued development of more powerful aviation turbine engines has demanded greater Thermal Stability of the fuel as a high temperature heat sink. This in turn requires better definition of the Thermal Stability of jet fuels. Thermal Stability refers to the deposit-forming tendency of the fuel. It is generally accepted that dissolved oxygen initiates the deposition process in freshly refined fuels. While there are many tests that are designed to measure or assess Thermal Stability, many of these either do not display sufficient differentiation between fuels of average Stability (JP-8) and intermediate Stability (JP-8+100, JP-TS), or require large test equipment, large volumes of fuels and/or are costly. This paper will discuss the use of three laboratory tests as "concept Thermal Stability prediction" tools with aviation fuels, including Jet A-1 or JP-8, under JP8+100 test conditions. The primary goal of the USAF JP8+100 Thermal Stability additive (TSA) program was to increase the heat-sink capacity of JP-8 fuel by 50%. Current engine designs limit fuel temperature into the nozzle to 325°F (163°C); JP-8+100 allows fuel temperatures to rise by 100°F to 425°F (218°C) into the nozzle without suffering serious fuel degradation. 1-2 The laboratory Thermal Stability tests discussed in the present paper are (1) the IsoThermal Corrosion Oxidation Test (ICOT)3-4, (2) the Hot Process Liquid Simulator, in conjunction with a differential pressure measurement (HLPS-DP)4, and (3) the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM). 5-6 The potential use of these tests as a predictor for additive performance in extended tests, such as the Extended Duration Thermal Stability Test (typically 96 hours, 100 USG of jet fuel) operated by the USAF, has been discussed in the past, and is beyond the scope of this paper. Copyright © 2002 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
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jet fuel Thermal Stability lab testing for jp8 100
Spring Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exhibition, 2002Co-Authors: David R Forester, Bharat B Malik, Spencer E. TaylorAbstract:The continued development of more powerful aviation turbine engines has demanded greater Thermal Stability of the fuel as a high temperature heat sink. This in turn requires better definition of the Thermal Stability of jet fuels. Thermal Stability refers to the deposit-forming tendency of the fuel. It is generally accepted that dissolved oxygen initiates the deposition process in freshly refined fuels. While there are many tests that are designed to measure or assess Thermal Stability, many of these either do not display sufficient differentiation between fuels of average Stability (JP-8) and intermediate Stability (JP-8+100, JP-TS), or require large test equipment, large volumes of fuels and/or are costly. This paper will discuss the use of three laboratory tests as "concept Thermal Stability prediction" tools with aviation fuels, including Jet A-1 or JP-8, under JP8+100 test conditions. The primary goal of the USAF JP8+100 Thermal Stability additive (TSA) program was to increase the heat-sink capacity of JP-8 fuel by 50%. Current engine designs limit fuel temperature into the nozzle to 325°F (163°C); JP-8+100 allows fuel temperatures to rise by 100°F to 425°F (218°C) into the nozzle without suffering serious fuel degradation. 1-2 The laboratory Thermal Stability tests discussed in the present paper are (1) the IsoThermal Corrosion Oxidation Test (ICOT)3-4, (2) the Hot Process Liquid Simulator, in conjunction with a differential pressure measurement (HLPS-DP)4, and (3) the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM). 5-6 The potential use of these tests as a predictor for additive performance in extended tests, such as the Extended Duration Thermal Stability Test (typically 96 hours, 100 USG of jet fuel) operated by the USAF, has been discussed in the past, and is beyond the scope of this paper. Copyright © 2002 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
Yue Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Preparation and Thermal Stability of Porous Silica-based Monoliths: Preparation and Thermal Stability of Porous Silica-based Monoliths
Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2011Co-Authors: Lijie Zhang, Jing-hua Gu, Yue ZhangAbstract:Porous monoliths with high porosity and improved high temperature Stability are required in heat insulation. Mesoporous SiO2 powder was synthesized from tetraethyl orthosilicate using oil―in―water microemulsions composed of non―ionic surfactant P123 and 1,3,5―trimethylbenzene as template. Porous SiO2 monoliths were prepared from the mesoporous SiO2 powder by dry pressing followed by sintering. Porous SiO2/Al2O3 monoliths and SiO2/TiO2 monoliths were prepared from mesoporous SiO2 powders coated with boehmite Sol and titania Sol respectively. XRD, SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption and Archimedes method were employed to characterize the powders and the monoliths. The Thermal Stability of the monoliths was studied. The porosity of the silica―based monoliths sintered at 600―700¡æ is about 74%?76%. Compared with SiO2 monolith, porous SiO2/Al2O3 monolith has much better Thermal Stability at 800―1000¡æ and porous SiO2/TiO2 monolith has an improved Thermal Stability at 800―900¡æ. It is indicated that alumina coating on porous silica particle surface can improve the high temperature Stability of SiO2/Al2O3 monolith
David R Forester - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Jet fuel Thermal Stability - Lab testing for JP8+100
SAE Technical Paper Series, 2002Co-Authors: David R Forester, Bharat B Malik, Spencer E. TaylorAbstract:The continued development of more powerful aviation turbine engines has demanded greater Thermal Stability of the fuel as a high temperature heat sink. This in turn requires better definition of the Thermal Stability of jet fuels. Thermal Stability refers to the deposit-forming tendency of the fuel. It is generally accepted that dissolved oxygen initiates the deposition process in freshly refined fuels. While there are many tests that are designed to measure or assess Thermal Stability, many of these either do not display sufficient differentiation between fuels of average Stability (JP-8) and intermediate Stability (JP-8+100, JP-TS), or require large test equipment, large volumes of fuels and/or are costly. This paper will discuss the use of three laboratory tests as "concept Thermal Stability prediction" tools with aviation fuels, including Jet A-1 or JP-8, under JP8+100 test conditions. The primary goal of the USAF JP8+100 Thermal Stability additive (TSA) program was to increase the heat-sink capacity of JP-8 fuel by 50%. Current engine designs limit fuel temperature into the nozzle to 325°F (163°C); JP-8+100 allows fuel temperatures to rise by 100°F to 425°F (218°C) into the nozzle without suffering serious fuel degradation. 1-2 The laboratory Thermal Stability tests discussed in the present paper are (1) the IsoThermal Corrosion Oxidation Test (ICOT)3-4, (2) the Hot Process Liquid Simulator, in conjunction with a differential pressure measurement (HLPS-DP)4, and (3) the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM). 5-6 The potential use of these tests as a predictor for additive performance in extended tests, such as the Extended Duration Thermal Stability Test (typically 96 hours, 100 USG of jet fuel) operated by the USAF, has been discussed in the past, and is beyond the scope of this paper. Copyright © 2002 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
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jet fuel Thermal Stability lab testing for jp8 100
Spring Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exhibition, 2002Co-Authors: David R Forester, Bharat B Malik, Spencer E. TaylorAbstract:The continued development of more powerful aviation turbine engines has demanded greater Thermal Stability of the fuel as a high temperature heat sink. This in turn requires better definition of the Thermal Stability of jet fuels. Thermal Stability refers to the deposit-forming tendency of the fuel. It is generally accepted that dissolved oxygen initiates the deposition process in freshly refined fuels. While there are many tests that are designed to measure or assess Thermal Stability, many of these either do not display sufficient differentiation between fuels of average Stability (JP-8) and intermediate Stability (JP-8+100, JP-TS), or require large test equipment, large volumes of fuels and/or are costly. This paper will discuss the use of three laboratory tests as "concept Thermal Stability prediction" tools with aviation fuels, including Jet A-1 or JP-8, under JP8+100 test conditions. The primary goal of the USAF JP8+100 Thermal Stability additive (TSA) program was to increase the heat-sink capacity of JP-8 fuel by 50%. Current engine designs limit fuel temperature into the nozzle to 325°F (163°C); JP-8+100 allows fuel temperatures to rise by 100°F to 425°F (218°C) into the nozzle without suffering serious fuel degradation. 1-2 The laboratory Thermal Stability tests discussed in the present paper are (1) the IsoThermal Corrosion Oxidation Test (ICOT)3-4, (2) the Hot Process Liquid Simulator, in conjunction with a differential pressure measurement (HLPS-DP)4, and (3) the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM). 5-6 The potential use of these tests as a predictor for additive performance in extended tests, such as the Extended Duration Thermal Stability Test (typically 96 hours, 100 USG of jet fuel) operated by the USAF, has been discussed in the past, and is beyond the scope of this paper. Copyright © 2002 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
J R Banerjee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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polymer montmorillonite nanocomposites with improved Thermal properties part i factors influencing Thermal Stability and mechanisms of Thermal Stability improvement
Thermochimica Acta, 2007Co-Authors: Agneska Leszczynska, James Njuguna, Krzysztof Pielichowski, J R BanerjeeAbstract:The results of recent research indicate that the introduction of layered silicate – montmorillonite – into polymer matrix results in increase of Thermal Stability of a number of polymer nanocomposites. Due to characteristic structure of layers in polymer matrix and nanoscopic dimensions of filler particles, several effects have been observed that can explain the changes in Thermal properties. The level of surface activity may be directly influenced by the mechanical interfacial adhesion or Thermal Stability of organic compound used to modify montmorillonite. Thus, increasing the Thermal Stability of montmorillonite and resultant nanocomposites is one of the key points in the successful technical application of polymer–clay nanocomposites on the industrial scale. Basing on most recent research, this work presents a detailed examination of factors influencing Thermal Stability, including the role of chemical constitution of organic modifier, composition and structure of nanocomposites, and mechanisms of improvement of Thermal Stability in polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites.
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Polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites with improved Thermal properties Part I. Factors influencing Thermal Stability and mechanisms of Thermal Stability improvement
Thermochimica Acta, 2007Co-Authors: Agneska Leszczynska, James Njuguna, Krzysztof Pielichowski, J R BanerjeeAbstract:The results of recent research indicate that the introduction of layered silicate – montmorillonite – into polymer matrix results in increase of Thermal Stability of a number of polymer nanocomposites. Due to characteristic structure of layers in polymer matrix and nanoscopic dimensions of filler particles, several effects have been observed that can explain the changes in Thermal properties. The level of surface activity may be directly influenced by the mechanical interfacial adhesion or Thermal Stability of organic compound used to modify montmorillonite. Thus, increasing the Thermal Stability of montmorillonite and resultant nanocomposites is one of the key points in the successful technical application of polymer–clay nanocomposites on the industrial scale. Basing on most recent research, this work presents a detailed examination of factors influencing Thermal Stability, including the role of chemical constitution of organic modifier, composition and structure of nanocomposites, and mechanisms of improvement of Thermal Stability in polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites.
Dean C. Webster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thermal Stability and flame retardancy of polyurethanes
Progress in Polymer Science, 2009Co-Authors: D K Chattopadhyay, Dean C. WebsterAbstract:Abstract The Thermal Stability and flame retardancy of polyurethanes is reviewed. Polyurethanes (PUs) are an important class of polymers that have wide application in a number of different industrial sectors. More than 70% of the literature that deals with PUs evaluates their Thermal Stability or flame retardancy and attempts to provide a structure–property correlation. The importance of studying Thermal degradation, understanding the processes occurring during Thermal stress as well as the parameters affecting the Thermal Stability of PUs are essential in order to effectively design polyurethanes having tailor-made properties suitable for the particular environment where they are to be used. A detailed description of TGA, TGA-MS and TGA-FTIR methods for studying the decomposition mechanism and kinetics is also a part of this review. In general, Thermal decomposition of PUs begins with the hard segment (HS) and a number of parameters govern a polyurethane's Thermal Stability. Detailed description of the parameters such as HS, soft segment (SS) and chain extender (CE) structure and molecular weight, NCO:OH ratio, catalyst nature and crosslink density that affect the nature of PU degradation is given. Descriptions of approaches to improve the Thermal Stability in PUs such as formation of poly(urethane-isocyanurate), poly(urethane-oxazolidone) and poly(urethane-imide) in addition to other methods such as PUs with an s-triazine ring or increased aromatic ring concentration, azomethane linkages as well as use of hyperbranched polyols as crosslinking agents is given. A part of the review is also concentrated on the improvement of Thermal Stability via hybrid formation such as the incorporation of appropriate amounts of fillers, e.g., nano-silica; Fe 2 O 3 ; TiO 2 ; silica grafting; nanocomposite formation using organically modified layered silicates; incorporation of Si–O–Si crosslinked structures via sol–gel processes; and the incorporation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) structures into the PU backbone or side chain. Incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) into PUs and the use of functionalized fullerenes in PUs are also described as these are the newest tools to obtain good Thermal Stability and flame retardancy. Part of the review also concentrates on the process that occurs during burning of PUs, flame retardant mechanisms and different additives or reactive type flame retardants used in the PU industry. The use and working function of expandable graphite and melamine as additive type flame retardants are shown. Description of the use of different reactive type organophosphorus compounds, cyclotriphosphazenes, aziridinyl curing agents in aqueous polyurethane dispersions (PUDs), organoboron compounds and organosilicon compounds for improving flame retardancy is also given.
