The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Joan L Walker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nudging people towards more sustainable residential choice decisions an intervention based on Focalism and visualization
Transportation, 2019Co-Authors: Abhinav Bhattacharyya, Wen Jin, Caroline Le Floch, Daniel G Chatman, Joan L WalkerAbstract:There have been numerous behavior change studies focused on sustainable travel mode choices. In this study we focused on the residential choices that in turn influence travel habits. We designed and implemented two interventions, which we term the “Focalism” and “visualization” interventions, based on literature in psychological economics. The Focalism intervention was motivated by literature that suggests people make suboptimal choices when looking for a new home. While focus is given to immediately tangible features like the quality of the house, important but less tangible factors like access to transportation are relatively overlooked. The visualization intervention was based on literature showing that providing information at decision points when long-ingrained habits are vulnerable to change, such as at the time of a residential move, can be influential on choices. We designed both interventions to be interactive so that the intervention was “discovered” by respondents rather than presented directly as information. With the Focalism intervention, we pointed out differences in how respondents ranked their search priorities for new housing and neighborhoods, versus how they ranked what they reported makes them happy. With the visualization intervention, we explained to respondents that moving is an opportunity to make changes in one’s life, and we prompted them to think through what they desired to change. We evaluated the influence of these interventions on residential housing decisions by surveying respondents about their priorities in residential search before and after the interventions, and by collecting information about their housing, neighborhoods, travel patterns, and reported well-being. The surveys were web-based, with one survey conducted before respondents moved and a second survey conducted afterward. Participants were randomly assigned to a Focalism treatment group, a visualization treatment group, or a control group. 380 respondents answered the pre-move survey, and 184 of these answered the post-move survey. In the pre-move survey, we found that both the Focalism and visualization interventions resulted in a significant increase in the fraction of people who planned to travel more sustainably relative to the control group. More importantly, we found that after the post-move survey, respondents in the Focalism group, but not the visualization group, significantly reduced their travel time to work and increased their cycling, walking, carpooling, carsharing and transit use in comparison to the control group. Meanwhile, those in the visualization treatment group had significantly higher reported well-being after the move; those in the Focalism treatment group also improved their stated well-being, though less significantly; and there was no change in the control group. These results suggest that it might be relatively easy to nudge residential choices towards both more sustainable travel and greater well-being.
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nudging people towards more sustainable residential choice decisions an intervention based on Focalism and visualization
IATBR 2015 - WINDSOR, 2015Co-Authors: Abhinav Bhattacharyya, Wen Jin, Caroline Le Floch, Yanqiao Wang, Joan L WalkerAbstract:Please see attached supplementary file for the PDF. The table in our file was formatted wrongly here. Therefore we have attached the pdf separately. Thank you
Danny Axsom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Focalism: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting
2014Co-Authors: Timothy D Wilson, Thalia Wheatley, Jonathan M Meyers, Daniel T Gilbert, Danny AxsomAbstract:The durability bias, the tendency to overpredict the duration of affective reactions to future events, may be due in part to Focalism, whereby people focus too much on the event in question and not enough on the consequences of other future events. If so, asking people to think about other future activities should reduce the durability bias. In Studies 1—3, college football fans were less likely to overpredict how long the outcome of a football game would influence their happiness if they first thought about how much time they would spend on other future activities. Studies 4 and 5 ruled out alternative explanations and found evidence for a distraction interpretation, that people who think about future events moderate their forecasts because they believe that these events will reduce thinking about the focal event. The authors discuss the implications of Focalism for other literatures, such as the planning fallacy. The pleasures and pains, joys and sufferings, which people actuall
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ATTITUDES AND SOCIAL COGNITION Focalism: A Source of Durability Bias in Affective Forecasting
2013Co-Authors: Timothy D Wilson, Thalia Wheatley, Jonathan M Meyers, Daniel T Gilbert, Danny AxsomAbstract:The durability bias, the tendency to overpredict the duration of affective reactions to future events, may be due in part to Focalism, whereby people focus too much on the event in question and not enough on the consequences of other future events. If so, asking people to think about other future activities should reduce the durability bias. In Studies 1-3, college football fans were less likely to overpredict how long the outcome of a football game would influence their happiness if they first thought about how much time they would spend on other future activities. Studies 4 and 5 ruled out alternative explanations and found evidence for a distraction interpretation, that people who think about future events moderate their forecasts because they believe that these events will reduce thinking about the focal event. The authors discuss the implications of Focalism for other literatures, such as the planning fallacy. The pleasures and pains, joys and sufferings, which people actually experience, often fall short of what they had anticipated... In anticipating a coming event we have it alone in mind, and make no provision for other occurrences. (Tatarkiewicz, 1962/1976) If a genie popped out of a lamp and offered you three wishes, would you attain lasting happiness? Most of us think that, lik
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Focalism a source of durability bias in affective forecasting
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2000Co-Authors: Timothy D Wilson, Thalia Wheatley, Jonathan M Meyers, Daniel T Gilbert, Danny AxsomAbstract:The durability bias, the tendency to overpredict the duration of affective reactions to future events, may be due in part to Focalism, whereby people focus too much on the event in question and not enough on the consequences of other future events. If so, asking people to think about other future activities should reduce the durability bias. In Studies 1-3, college football fans were less likely to overpredict how long the outcome of a football game would influence their happiness if they first thought about how much time they would spend on other future activities. Studies 4 and 5 ruled out alternative explanations and found evidence for a distraction interpretation, that people who think about future events moderate their forecasts because they believe that these events will reduce thinking about the focal event. The authors discuss the implications of Focalism for other literatures, such as the planning fallacy.
Timothy D Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Focalism: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting
2014Co-Authors: Timothy D Wilson, Thalia Wheatley, Jonathan M Meyers, Daniel T Gilbert, Danny AxsomAbstract:The durability bias, the tendency to overpredict the duration of affective reactions to future events, may be due in part to Focalism, whereby people focus too much on the event in question and not enough on the consequences of other future events. If so, asking people to think about other future activities should reduce the durability bias. In Studies 1—3, college football fans were less likely to overpredict how long the outcome of a football game would influence their happiness if they first thought about how much time they would spend on other future activities. Studies 4 and 5 ruled out alternative explanations and found evidence for a distraction interpretation, that people who think about future events moderate their forecasts because they believe that these events will reduce thinking about the focal event. The authors discuss the implications of Focalism for other literatures, such as the planning fallacy. The pleasures and pains, joys and sufferings, which people actuall
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ATTITUDES AND SOCIAL COGNITION Focalism: A Source of Durability Bias in Affective Forecasting
2013Co-Authors: Timothy D Wilson, Thalia Wheatley, Jonathan M Meyers, Daniel T Gilbert, Danny AxsomAbstract:The durability bias, the tendency to overpredict the duration of affective reactions to future events, may be due in part to Focalism, whereby people focus too much on the event in question and not enough on the consequences of other future events. If so, asking people to think about other future activities should reduce the durability bias. In Studies 1-3, college football fans were less likely to overpredict how long the outcome of a football game would influence their happiness if they first thought about how much time they would spend on other future activities. Studies 4 and 5 ruled out alternative explanations and found evidence for a distraction interpretation, that people who think about future events moderate their forecasts because they believe that these events will reduce thinking about the focal event. The authors discuss the implications of Focalism for other literatures, such as the planning fallacy. The pleasures and pains, joys and sufferings, which people actually experience, often fall short of what they had anticipated... In anticipating a coming event we have it alone in mind, and make no provision for other occurrences. (Tatarkiewicz, 1962/1976) If a genie popped out of a lamp and offered you three wishes, would you attain lasting happiness? Most of us think that, lik
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Affective forecasting: Knowing what to want
2005Co-Authors: Timothy D Wilson, Daniel T GilbertAbstract:ABSTRACT—People base many decisions on affective fore-casts, predictions about their emotional reactions to future events. They often display an impact bias, overestimating the intensity and duration of their emotional reactions to such events. One cause of the impact bias is Focalism, the tendency to underestimate the extent to which other events will influence our thoughts and feelings. Another is people’s failure to anticipate how quickly they will make sense of things that happen to them in a way that speeds emotional recovery. This is especially true when predicting reactions to negative events: People fail to anticipate how quickly theywill cope psychologicallywith such events inways that speed their recovery from them. Several implications are discussed, such as the tendency for people to attribute their unexpected resilience to external agents
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Focalism a source of durability bias in affective forecasting
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2000Co-Authors: Timothy D Wilson, Thalia Wheatley, Jonathan M Meyers, Daniel T Gilbert, Danny AxsomAbstract:The durability bias, the tendency to overpredict the duration of affective reactions to future events, may be due in part to Focalism, whereby people focus too much on the event in question and not enough on the consequences of other future events. If so, asking people to think about other future activities should reduce the durability bias. In Studies 1-3, college football fans were less likely to overpredict how long the outcome of a football game would influence their happiness if they first thought about how much time they would spend on other future activities. Studies 4 and 5 ruled out alternative explanations and found evidence for a distraction interpretation, that people who think about future events moderate their forecasts because they believe that these events will reduce thinking about the focal event. The authors discuss the implications of Focalism for other literatures, such as the planning fallacy.
Philippe Silberzahn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lean startup : le compagnon idéal de l'effectuation ?
Entreprendre & Innover, 2013Co-Authors: Philippe SilberzahnAbstract:Dans cet article, nous comparons Lean startup avec l’effectuation, une approche émergente de l’entrepreneuriat qui suscite un intérêt grandissant. Comme Lean startup, l’effectuation est basée sur des itérations avec investissement limité. Lean startup, cependant, est focalisé sur la découverte des besoins-client tandis que l’effectuation est plus générale et porte sur le projet entrepreneuriat dans son ensemble. Nous distinguons les points communs et différences des deux approches et montrons qu’elle ne s’opposent pas mais sont complémentaires, Lean pouvant ainsi être vue comme une manière d’opérationnaliser l’effectuation.
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Lean startup: le compagnon idéal de l'effectuation ?
Entreprendre & Innover, 2013Co-Authors: Philippe SilberzahnAbstract:Dans cet article, nous comparons Lean startup avec l’effectuation, une approche emergente de l’entrepreneuriat qui suscite un interet grandissant. Comme Lean startup, l’effectuation est basee sur des iterations avec investissement limite. Lean startup, cependant, est focalise sur la decouverte des besoins-client tandis que l’effectuation est plus generale et porte sur le projet entrepreneuriat dans son ensemble. Nous distinguons les points communs et differences des deux approches et montrons qu’elle ne s’opposent pas mais sont complementaires, Lean pouvant ainsi etre vue comme une maniere d’operationnaliser l’effectuation.
Jerry Suls - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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losing sight of oneself in the above average effect when egocentrism Focalism and group diffuseness collide
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2008Co-Authors: Zlatan Krizan, Jerry SulsAbstract:Four experiments examined the relative influence of three causal processes in the above-average effect (AAE) and related comparative biases: (a) egocentrism, (b) Focalism, and (c) referent group diffuseness. By manipulating the inclusion or exclusion of the self from the referent group (Experiments 1–3) or target group (Experiment 4), the relative contributions of each influence were assessed. In direct comparisons, single peers were systematically judged more favorably relative to groups including the self, suggesting that egocentrism plays a lesser role than Focalism or group diffuseness. Thus, in response to the question such as ‘‘How friendly is Nancy compared to the rest of us?” the answer tends to be ‘‘More friendly.” 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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the role of egocentrism and Focalism in the emotion intensity bias
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: John R Chambers, Jerry SulsAbstract:People sometimes judge their emotions, preferences, and attitudes to be more intense than those of other people. Two experiments tested whether this emotion intensity bias in direct comparisons results from two non-motivated cognitive processes—egocentrism and Focalism. In Study 1, the intensity bias was found even when comparing a friend’s preferences to peers. In Study 2, attention given to own versus other’s preferences, and the referent of the comparison (self or others) were manipulated. Results indicated that attention to others reduced the bias, presumably by reducing egocentrism. Consistent with Focalism, the bias also emerged when a friend was the target of comparison, and the bias was eliminated when the self was the referent rather than the target of comparison. In the discussion, we evaluate these accounts in light of some alternative explanations for the intensity bias.