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Asli Ozyurek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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general and language specific factors influence reference tracking in speech and gesture in discourse
Discourse Processes, 2019Co-Authors: Zeynep Azar, Asli Ozyurek, A BackusAbstract:Referent accessibility influences expressions in speech and gestures in similar ways. Speakers mostly use richer forms as noun phrases (NPs) in speech and gesture more when Referents have low acces...
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visible cohesion a comparison of reference tracking in sign speech and co speech gesture
Topics in Cognitive Science, 2015Co-Authors: Pamela M Perniss, Asli OzyurekAbstract:Establishing and maintaining reference is a crucial part of discourse. In spoken languages, differential linguistic devices mark Referents occurring in different Referential contexts, that is, introduction, maintenance, and re-introduction contexts. Speakers using gestures as well as users of sign languages have also been shown to mark Referents differentially depending on the Referential context. This article investigates the modality-specific contribution of the visual modality in marking Referential context by providing a direct comparison between sign language (German Sign Language; DGS) and co-speech gesture with speech (German) in elicited narratives. Across all forms of expression, we find that Referents in subject position are referred to with more marking material in re-introduction contexts compared to maintenance contexts. Furthermore, we find that spatial modification is used as a modality-specific strategy in both DGS and German co-speech gesture, and that the configuration of Referent locations in sign space and gesture space corresponds in an iconic and consistent way to the locations of Referents in the narrated event. However, we find that spatial modification is used in different ways for marking re-introduction and maintenance contexts in DGS and German co-speech gesture. The findings are discussed in relation to the unique contribution of the visual modality to reference tracking in discourse when it is used in a unimodal system with full linguistic structure (i.e., as in sign) versus in a bimodal system that is a composite of speech and gesture.
Nils Plato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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low dose exposure to asbestos and lung cancer dose response relations and interaction with smoking in a population based case Referent study in stockholm sweden
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2002Co-Authors: Per Gustavsson, Fredrik Nyberg, Goran Pershagen, Patrik Scheele, R Jakobsson, Nils PlatoAbstract:This population-based case-Referent study investigated the lung cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to asbestos, focusing on dose-response relations and the interaction with tobacco smoking. Incident cases of lung cancer among males aged 40-75 years in Stockholm County, Sweden, were identified from 1985 to 1990. Referents were selected randomly within strata (age, inclusion year) of the study base. Questionnaires administered to subjects or their next of kin gave information on occupations, tobacco smoking habits, and residences. Response rates of 87% and 85% resulted in 1,038 cases and 2,359 Referents, respectively. Occupational exposures were assessed by an industrial hygienist. Lung cancer risk increased almost linearly with cumulative dose of asbestos. The risk at a cumulative dose of 4 fiber-years was 1.90 (95% confidence interval (Cl): 1.32, 2.74), higher than that predicted by downward linear extrapolation from highly exposed occupational cohorts. The relative risk (exp(beta)) for a transformed dose variable In(fiber-years + 1) was 1.494 (95% Cl: 1.193, 1.871) per unit of exposure. The joint effect of asbestos and smoking was estimated to be 1.15 (95% Cl: 0.77, 1.72) times that predicted from the sum of their individual effects and 0.31 (95% Cl: 0.11, 0.86) times that predicted from their product, indicating a joint effect between additivity and multiplicativity.
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a population based case Referent study of myocardial infarction and occupational exposure to motor exhaust other combustion products organic solvents lead and dynamite stockholm heart epidemiology program sheep study group
Epidemiology, 2001Co-Authors: Per Gustavsson, Nils Plato, Johan Hallqvist, Christer Hogstedt, Marie Lewne, Christina Reuterwall, Patrik ScheeleAbstract:This case-Referent study investigated the risk of myocardial infarction from occupational exposure to motor exhaust, other combustion products, organic solvents, lead, and dynamite. We identified first-time, nonfatal myocardial infarctions among men and women 45-70 years of age in Stockholm County from 1992 through 1994. We selected Referent subjects from the population to match the demographic characteristics of the cases. A lifetime history of occupations was obtained by questionnaire. The response rate was 81% for the cases and 74% for the Referents, with 1,335 cases and 1,658 Referents included in the study. An occupational hygienist assessed occupational exposures, coding the intensity and probability of exposure for each subject. We adjusted relative risk estimates for tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight, and physical inactivity at leisure time. The relative risk of myocardial infarction was 2.11 (95% confidence interval = 1.23-3.60) among those who were highly exposed and 1.42 (95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.92) among those who were intermediately exposed to combustion products from organic material. We observed an exposure-response pattern, in terms of both maximum exposure intensity and cumulative dose. Exposure to dynamite and organic solvents was possibly associated with an increased risk. The other exposures were not consistently associated with myocardial infarction.
Patrik Scheele - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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low dose exposure to asbestos and lung cancer dose response relations and interaction with smoking in a population based case Referent study in stockholm sweden
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2002Co-Authors: Per Gustavsson, Fredrik Nyberg, Goran Pershagen, Patrik Scheele, R Jakobsson, Nils PlatoAbstract:This population-based case-Referent study investigated the lung cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to asbestos, focusing on dose-response relations and the interaction with tobacco smoking. Incident cases of lung cancer among males aged 40-75 years in Stockholm County, Sweden, were identified from 1985 to 1990. Referents were selected randomly within strata (age, inclusion year) of the study base. Questionnaires administered to subjects or their next of kin gave information on occupations, tobacco smoking habits, and residences. Response rates of 87% and 85% resulted in 1,038 cases and 2,359 Referents, respectively. Occupational exposures were assessed by an industrial hygienist. Lung cancer risk increased almost linearly with cumulative dose of asbestos. The risk at a cumulative dose of 4 fiber-years was 1.90 (95% confidence interval (Cl): 1.32, 2.74), higher than that predicted by downward linear extrapolation from highly exposed occupational cohorts. The relative risk (exp(beta)) for a transformed dose variable In(fiber-years + 1) was 1.494 (95% Cl: 1.193, 1.871) per unit of exposure. The joint effect of asbestos and smoking was estimated to be 1.15 (95% Cl: 0.77, 1.72) times that predicted from the sum of their individual effects and 0.31 (95% Cl: 0.11, 0.86) times that predicted from their product, indicating a joint effect between additivity and multiplicativity.
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a population based case Referent study of myocardial infarction and occupational exposure to motor exhaust other combustion products organic solvents lead and dynamite stockholm heart epidemiology program sheep study group
Epidemiology, 2001Co-Authors: Per Gustavsson, Nils Plato, Johan Hallqvist, Christer Hogstedt, Marie Lewne, Christina Reuterwall, Patrik ScheeleAbstract:This case-Referent study investigated the risk of myocardial infarction from occupational exposure to motor exhaust, other combustion products, organic solvents, lead, and dynamite. We identified first-time, nonfatal myocardial infarctions among men and women 45-70 years of age in Stockholm County from 1992 through 1994. We selected Referent subjects from the population to match the demographic characteristics of the cases. A lifetime history of occupations was obtained by questionnaire. The response rate was 81% for the cases and 74% for the Referents, with 1,335 cases and 1,658 Referents included in the study. An occupational hygienist assessed occupational exposures, coding the intensity and probability of exposure for each subject. We adjusted relative risk estimates for tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight, and physical inactivity at leisure time. The relative risk of myocardial infarction was 2.11 (95% confidence interval = 1.23-3.60) among those who were highly exposed and 1.42 (95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.92) among those who were intermediately exposed to combustion products from organic material. We observed an exposure-response pattern, in terms of both maximum exposure intensity and cumulative dose. Exposure to dynamite and organic solvents was possibly associated with an increased risk. The other exposures were not consistently associated with myocardial infarction.
Per Gustavsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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low dose exposure to asbestos and lung cancer dose response relations and interaction with smoking in a population based case Referent study in stockholm sweden
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2002Co-Authors: Per Gustavsson, Fredrik Nyberg, Goran Pershagen, Patrik Scheele, R Jakobsson, Nils PlatoAbstract:This population-based case-Referent study investigated the lung cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to asbestos, focusing on dose-response relations and the interaction with tobacco smoking. Incident cases of lung cancer among males aged 40-75 years in Stockholm County, Sweden, were identified from 1985 to 1990. Referents were selected randomly within strata (age, inclusion year) of the study base. Questionnaires administered to subjects or their next of kin gave information on occupations, tobacco smoking habits, and residences. Response rates of 87% and 85% resulted in 1,038 cases and 2,359 Referents, respectively. Occupational exposures were assessed by an industrial hygienist. Lung cancer risk increased almost linearly with cumulative dose of asbestos. The risk at a cumulative dose of 4 fiber-years was 1.90 (95% confidence interval (Cl): 1.32, 2.74), higher than that predicted by downward linear extrapolation from highly exposed occupational cohorts. The relative risk (exp(beta)) for a transformed dose variable In(fiber-years + 1) was 1.494 (95% Cl: 1.193, 1.871) per unit of exposure. The joint effect of asbestos and smoking was estimated to be 1.15 (95% Cl: 0.77, 1.72) times that predicted from the sum of their individual effects and 0.31 (95% Cl: 0.11, 0.86) times that predicted from their product, indicating a joint effect between additivity and multiplicativity.
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a population based case Referent study of myocardial infarction and occupational exposure to motor exhaust other combustion products organic solvents lead and dynamite stockholm heart epidemiology program sheep study group
Epidemiology, 2001Co-Authors: Per Gustavsson, Nils Plato, Johan Hallqvist, Christer Hogstedt, Marie Lewne, Christina Reuterwall, Patrik ScheeleAbstract:This case-Referent study investigated the risk of myocardial infarction from occupational exposure to motor exhaust, other combustion products, organic solvents, lead, and dynamite. We identified first-time, nonfatal myocardial infarctions among men and women 45-70 years of age in Stockholm County from 1992 through 1994. We selected Referent subjects from the population to match the demographic characteristics of the cases. A lifetime history of occupations was obtained by questionnaire. The response rate was 81% for the cases and 74% for the Referents, with 1,335 cases and 1,658 Referents included in the study. An occupational hygienist assessed occupational exposures, coding the intensity and probability of exposure for each subject. We adjusted relative risk estimates for tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight, and physical inactivity at leisure time. The relative risk of myocardial infarction was 2.11 (95% confidence interval = 1.23-3.60) among those who were highly exposed and 1.42 (95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.92) among those who were intermediately exposed to combustion products from organic material. We observed an exposure-response pattern, in terms of both maximum exposure intensity and cumulative dose. Exposure to dynamite and organic solvents was possibly associated with an increased risk. The other exposures were not consistently associated with myocardial infarction.
Pirita Pyykkonenklauck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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understanding indirect reference in a visual context
Discourse Processes, 2017Co-Authors: Juhani Jarvikivi, Sarah Schimke, Pirita PyykkonenklauckAbstract:ABSTRACTWe often use pronouns like it or they without explicitly mentioned antecedents. We asked whether the human processing system that resolves such indirect pronouns uses the immediate visual-sensory context in multimodal discourse. Our results showed that people had no difficulty understanding conceptually central Referents, whether explicitly mentioned or not, whereas Referents that were conceptually peripheral were much harder to understand when left implicit than when they had been mentioned before. Importantly, we showed that people could not recover this information from the visual environment. The results suggest that the semantic–conceptual relatedness of the potential Referent with respect to the defining events and actors in the current discourse representation is a determining factor of how easy it is to establish the Referential link. The visual environment is only integrated to the extent that it is relevant or acts as a fall-back when the Referential search within the current discourse r...
