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Colin A Chapman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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small folivorous primate groups exhibit behavioral and physiological effects of food scarcity
Behavioral Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Tara R Harris, Colin A Chapman, Steven L MonfortAbstract:The influence of diet and food distribution on the socioecology of group-living species has long been debated, particularly for primates. It has typically been assumed that folivorous primates experience relatively little feeding competition due to the abundant, widespread nature of their food, freeing them to form large groups in response to predation, to disperse with relative ease, and to have egalitarian female social relationships. Recent studies, however, have come to different conclusions about the extent to which folivorous primates are limited by food and experience food competition and how these factors affect Folivore socioecology. To better understand the selective pressures that diet places on Folivores, we investigated how 2 small highly folivorous groups of colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) in Kibale National Park, Uganda, responded behaviorally and physiologically to a steep reduction in availability of their most important foods. The monkeys decreased their reliance on their 2 most frequently eaten food species and increased their daily path length, number of feeding patches visited/day, size of individual feeding areas, percentage of time spent feeding, and dietary diversity. They also showed evidence of physiological costs, in that lactating females' urinary C-peptide levels (i.e., insulin production) declined as top foods became scarce, and parasite loads slightly, but significantly, increased in 2 of 3 adult females examined. These results suggest that highly folivorous primates, even in very small groups, may experience behavioral and physiological effects of food limitation, within-group scramble competition for food, and possibly substantial selective pressures during periods of food scarcity. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
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red colobus monkeys display alternative behavioral responses to the costs of scramble competition
Behavioral Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Tamaini V Snaith, Colin A ChapmanAbstract:Food competition is an expected cost of group living. It is therefore puzzling that there is little evidence for competition among group-living folivorous monkeys, for example, daily travel distance does not seem to increase with group size. It is even more puzzling that Folivores do not form larger groups despite this apparent lack of food competition. This has become known as the Folivore paradox, and to date, there is no broadly accepted theoretical solution. However, there have been no multigroup studies that have controlled for the potentially confounding effects of variation in habitat quality. We studied 9 groups of red colobus monkeys (Procolobus rufomitratus) in Kibale National Park, Uganda, and controlled for spatial and temporal variation in food availability. We found that larger groups occupied larger home ranges than smaller groups and that group size was related to increased foraging effort (longer daily travel distance), increased group spread, and reduced female reproductive success. Our results also suggest that monkeys in larger groups spent more time feeding and less time engaged in social behavior. These results suggest that folivorous red colobus monkeys experience within-group scramble competition and possess a suite of behavioral responses that may mitigate the cost of competition and represent adaptations for group living. The results offer insight into the Folivore paradox and the evolutionary ecology of group size.
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controversy over the application of current socioecological models to folivorous primates colobus vellerosus fits the predictions
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2007Co-Authors: Colin A Chapman, Tania L Saj, Sarah C Marteinson, Pascale SicotteAbstract:We explore the applicability of the current socio-ecological model to characterize the social structure of Colobus vellerosus, a folivorous primate. The current socio-ecological model predicts that female social relationships should respond in predictable ways to food abundance and distribution and associated competitive regimes. It appears to successfully explain variation in social structure in some primate species; however, recent research indicates that several folivorous or Folivore-frugivorous species seem to be exceptions. We present data on social relationships and social structure in two groups of C. vellerosus over 15 months at Boabeng-Fiema, Ghana. As predicted by the model, our results indicate the co-occurrence of 1) low levels of grooming between female C. vellerosus when compared with other species, 2) an absence of female coalitions over food, and 3) female dispersal. Taken together, these traits suggest a "Dispersal-Egalitarian" species. However, our results also indicate female-female affiliation was higher than male-female affiliation, which was more indicative of a "female resident" species. Our data also suggests inter-sexual affiliation varied among groups. This variation in inter-sexual affiliation could be due to variation in the intensity of infanticidal threats between groups. The combination of these social characteristics lead us to conclude that C. vellerosus' social structure is largely congruent with the ecological indicators of food distribution and female competitive regime that we have previously documented, which indicated high quality foods were not monopolizable or usurpable and behavioral evidence of within-group contest competition (i.e. supplantations over food) was rare. But the combination of higher female-female affiliation (compared to male-female) and female dispersal is difficult to explain in light of predictions, unless future work reveals female residency is more predominant than female dispersal in our population. We also discuss reasons why some Folivores do not appear to fit the predictions of the current socio-ecological model.
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towards an ecological solution to the Folivore paradox patch depletion as an indicator of within group scramble competition in red colobus monkeys piliocolobus tephrosceles
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2005Co-Authors: Tamaini V Snaith, Colin A ChapmanAbstract:A number of socioecological models assume that within-group food competition is either weak or absent among folivorous primates. This assumption is made because their food resources are presumed to be superabundant and evenly dispersed. However, recent evidence increasingly suggests that Folivore group size is food-limited, that the primates prefer patchily distributed high-quality foods, and display some of the expected responses to within-group scramble competition. To investigate this apparent contradiction between theoretical models and recent empirical data, we examined the foraging behaviour of red colobus monkeys (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We found that red colobus monkeys foraged in a manner that suggests they deplete patches of preferred foods: intake rate slowed significantly during patch occupancy while movement rate, an index of foraging effort, increased. Furthermore, patch occupancy was related to the size of the feeding group and the size of the patch. These results suggest that within-group scramble competition occurs, may limit Folivore group size, and should be considered in models of Folivore behavioural ecology.
Kornelius Kupczik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of resolution on topographic metrics (smoothed, EEC).
2019Co-Authors: Michael A. Berthaume, Julia Winchester, Kornelius KupczikAbstract:Averages for each topographic value are given with a 95% confidence interval. Blue = insectivore, green = Folivore, grey = omnivore, red = frugivore, brown = hard object feeder. Thick solid line = insectivore, thin solid line = Folivore, small dotted line = omnivore, thin dashed line = frugivore, thick dashed line = hard object feeder.
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Boxplots showing prosimian (white) and platyrrhine (grey) surface area (SA) values for each diet at different triangle counts (smoothed, EEC).
2019Co-Authors: Michael A. Berthaume, Julia Winchester, Kornelius KupczikAbstract:Diets are shown on the x-axis: ins = insectivore, fol = Folivore, omn = omnivore, frug = frugivore, and hof = hard object feeder. As surface area is a measure of tooth size, no expected relationship is expected to emerge, other than Folivores having larger teeth and insectivores having smaller teeth.
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Boxplots showing prosimian (white) and platyrrhine (grey) RFI values for each diet at different triangle counts (smoothed, EEC).
2019Co-Authors: Michael A. Berthaume, Julia Winchester, Kornelius KupczikAbstract:Diets are shown on the x-axis: ins = insectivore, fol = Folivore, omn = omnivore, frug = frugivore, and hof = hard object feeder. Results at a triangle count of 10000 are comparable to those from [20]. Once an adequate triangle count is reached (about 500), a pattern develops in both prosimians and platyrrhines where insectivores have the highest values, followed by Folivores, frugivores, and hard object feeders.
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Boxplots showing prosimian (white) and platyrrhine (grey) DNE values for each diet at different triangle counts (smoothed, EEC).
2019Co-Authors: Michael A. Berthaume, Julia Winchester, Kornelius KupczikAbstract:Diets are shown on the x-axis: ins = insectivore, fol = Folivore, omn = omnivore, frug = frugivore, and hof = hard object feeder. Results at a triangle count of 10000 are comparable to those from [20]. Within prosimians, as triangle count increases, there appears to be more separation between dietary categories. At a triangle count of about 1000, the pattern of insectivores having the highest DNE, followed by Folivores, omnivores, frugivores, and finally hard object feeders begins to emerge. This pattern generally holds true up until a triangle count of 100000. Within platyrrhines, there is no great distinction between Folivores, omnivores, and frugivores up until a triangle count of 10000, but hard object feeders consistently have the dullest teeth (i.e. lowest DNE value). At higher resolutions, however, this changes, and at a triangle count of 100000 hard object feeders have the higher average DNE value, and Folivores have the lowest. This pattern is better seen when the BCO cropping method is used, and/or surfaces are unsmoothed (see S1 Fig).
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Effect of triangle count on topographic metrics (smoothed, EEC).
2019Co-Authors: Michael A. Berthaume, Julia Winchester, Kornelius KupczikAbstract:Averages for each topographic value are given with a 95% confidence interval. Blue = insectivore, green = Folivore, grey = omnivore, red = frugivore, brown = hard object feeder. Thick solid line = insectivore, thin solid line = Folivore, small dotted line = omnivore, thin dashed line = frugivore, thick dashed line = hard object feeder. Vertical solid and dashed lines indicate triangle counts of 10000 and 20000, respectively.
Gregory Humphrey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evolutionary trends in host physiology outweigh dietary niche in structuring primate gut microbiomes
The ISME Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Katherine R. Amato, Jon Sanders, Se Jin Song, Michael Nute, Jessica L. Metcalf, Luke R. Thompson, James T. Morton, Amnon Amir, Valerie Mckenzie, Gregory HumphreyAbstract:Over the past decade several studies have reported that the gut microbiomes of mammals with similar dietary niches exhibit similar compositional and functional traits. However, these studies rely heavily on samples from captive individuals and often confound host phylogeny, gut morphology, and diet. To more explicitly test the influence of host dietary niche on the mammalian gut microbiome we use 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics to compare the gut microbiota of 18 species of wild non-human primates classified as either Folivores or closely related non-Folivores, evenly distributed throughout the primate order and representing a range of gut morphological specializations. While folivory results in some convergent microbial traits, collectively we show that the influence of host phylogeny on both gut microbial composition and function is much stronger than that of host dietary niche. This pattern does not result from differences in host geographic location or actual dietary intake at the time of sampling, but instead appears to result from differences in host physiology. These findings indicate that mammalian gut microbiome plasticity in response to dietary shifts over both the lifespan of an individual host and the evolutionary history of a given host species is constrained by host physiological evolution. Therefore, the gut microbiome cannot be considered separately from host physiology when describing host nutritional strategies and the emergence of host dietary niches.
Michael A. Berthaume - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of resolution on topographic metrics (smoothed, EEC).
2019Co-Authors: Michael A. Berthaume, Julia Winchester, Kornelius KupczikAbstract:Averages for each topographic value are given with a 95% confidence interval. Blue = insectivore, green = Folivore, grey = omnivore, red = frugivore, brown = hard object feeder. Thick solid line = insectivore, thin solid line = Folivore, small dotted line = omnivore, thin dashed line = frugivore, thick dashed line = hard object feeder.
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Boxplots showing prosimian (white) and platyrrhine (grey) surface area (SA) values for each diet at different triangle counts (smoothed, EEC).
2019Co-Authors: Michael A. Berthaume, Julia Winchester, Kornelius KupczikAbstract:Diets are shown on the x-axis: ins = insectivore, fol = Folivore, omn = omnivore, frug = frugivore, and hof = hard object feeder. As surface area is a measure of tooth size, no expected relationship is expected to emerge, other than Folivores having larger teeth and insectivores having smaller teeth.
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Boxplots showing prosimian (white) and platyrrhine (grey) RFI values for each diet at different triangle counts (smoothed, EEC).
2019Co-Authors: Michael A. Berthaume, Julia Winchester, Kornelius KupczikAbstract:Diets are shown on the x-axis: ins = insectivore, fol = Folivore, omn = omnivore, frug = frugivore, and hof = hard object feeder. Results at a triangle count of 10000 are comparable to those from [20]. Once an adequate triangle count is reached (about 500), a pattern develops in both prosimians and platyrrhines where insectivores have the highest values, followed by Folivores, frugivores, and hard object feeders.
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Boxplots showing prosimian (white) and platyrrhine (grey) DNE values for each diet at different triangle counts (smoothed, EEC).
2019Co-Authors: Michael A. Berthaume, Julia Winchester, Kornelius KupczikAbstract:Diets are shown on the x-axis: ins = insectivore, fol = Folivore, omn = omnivore, frug = frugivore, and hof = hard object feeder. Results at a triangle count of 10000 are comparable to those from [20]. Within prosimians, as triangle count increases, there appears to be more separation between dietary categories. At a triangle count of about 1000, the pattern of insectivores having the highest DNE, followed by Folivores, omnivores, frugivores, and finally hard object feeders begins to emerge. This pattern generally holds true up until a triangle count of 100000. Within platyrrhines, there is no great distinction between Folivores, omnivores, and frugivores up until a triangle count of 10000, but hard object feeders consistently have the dullest teeth (i.e. lowest DNE value). At higher resolutions, however, this changes, and at a triangle count of 100000 hard object feeders have the higher average DNE value, and Folivores have the lowest. This pattern is better seen when the BCO cropping method is used, and/or surfaces are unsmoothed (see S1 Fig).
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Effect of triangle count on topographic metrics (smoothed, EEC).
2019Co-Authors: Michael A. Berthaume, Julia Winchester, Kornelius KupczikAbstract:Averages for each topographic value are given with a 95% confidence interval. Blue = insectivore, green = Folivore, grey = omnivore, red = frugivore, brown = hard object feeder. Thick solid line = insectivore, thin solid line = Folivore, small dotted line = omnivore, thin dashed line = frugivore, thick dashed line = hard object feeder. Vertical solid and dashed lines indicate triangle counts of 10000 and 20000, respectively.
Carlos M Herrera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of multiple factors on plant local adaptation soil type and Folivore effects in ruellia nudiflora acanthaceae
Evolutionary Ecology, 2012Co-Authors: Ilka Ortegoncampos, Luis Abdalaroberts, Victor Parratabla, Carlos J Cervera, Denis Marrufozapata, Carlos M HerreraAbstract:Different environmental factors can have contrasting effects on the extent of plant local adaptation (LA). Here we evaluate the influence of folivory and soil type on LA in Ruellia nudiflora by performing reciprocal transplants at two sites in Yucatan (Mexico) while controlling for soil source and folivory level. Soil samples were collected at each site and half of the plants of each source at each site were grown with one soil source and half with the other. After transplanting, we reduced folivory by using an insecticide applied to half of the plants of each population source grown on each soil at each site. This resulted in a fully-crossed design with site, population source, soil source and folivory as main effects. We evaluated LA by means of a significant site × origin interaction showing a home-site advantage of native plants. Additionally, to test for an effect of soil source and Folivores on LA, we estimated the three-way interactions of site × origin × soil source and site × origin × folivory. We recorded fruit number and survival throughout an 8-month period. For survival, we found evidence of home-site advantage at one site, while for fecundity we found no evidence of LA and at one site even observed evidence of lower fecundity for local relative to foreign plants. Importantly, folivory had no influence on the degree of home-site advantage for either response variable, while soil source influenced the degree of home-site advantage in fecundity at one site (suggesting some degree of specialization to soil characteristics in R. nudiflora). Our results emphasize the need for simultaneously evaluating multiple factors of influence in tests of LA.
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local adaptation of ruellia nudiflora acanthaceae to biotic counterparts complex scenarios revealed when two herbivore guilds are considered
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Ilka Ortegoncampos, Luis Abdalaroberts, Victor Parratabla, Carlos M HerreraAbstract:This study evaluated whether the herb Ruellia nudiflora is locally adapted to a specialist insect seed predator (SP) and insect Folivores, and if plant local adaptation (LA) to the former is more likely. A reciprocal transplant experiment was conducted using three sites in Yucatan (Mexico) (n = 864 plants). A third of the plants of each origin were placed at each site, and we recorded the following during a 9-month period: fruit number, leaf damage, and fruits attacked by SP. Results indicated lack of plant LA for all the variables measured. Instead, seed predation was c. 100% greater for native plants at one study site, suggesting insect LA or plant maladaptation; folivory was homogeneous across sites ⁄origins. Based on these results, we discuss differences in the potential each herbivore guild has to promote plant LA, as well as divergent evolutionary outcomes of plant‐herbivore interactions across sites.