The Experts below are selected from a list of 6462 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Konrad Grob - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Food Contamination with organic materials in perspective packaging materials as the largest and least controlled source a view focusing on the european situation
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2006Co-Authors: Konrad Grob, Maurus Biedermann, Ellen Scherbaum, Maria Roth, Karl RiegerAbstract:The comparison of the various sources of Food Contamination with organic chemicals suggests that in the public, but also among experts, the perception of risk is often distorted. Firstly, neither pesticides nor environmental pollutants contribute the most; the amount of material migrating from Food packaging into Food may well be 100 times higher. Secondly, control of these large migrants is often lagging behind the standards set up for other sources, since many of the components (particularly those not being “starting materials”) have not been identified and, thus, not toxicologically evaluated. Finally, attitudes towards different types of Food contaminants are divergent, also reflected by the legal measures: for most sources of Food Contamination there are strict rules calling for minimization, whereas the European packaging industry has even requested a further increase in the tolerance to as close as possible to the limit set by the toxicologists. This paper calls for a more realistic perception and ...
-
Food Contamination by c20 c50 mineral paraffins from the atmosphere
Atmospheric Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Hans Peter Neukom, Maurus Biedermann, Konrad Grob, Anja NotiAbstract:Abstract Most Foods from plant origin usually contain 1–10 mg/kg (dry weight) of non-resolved isomeric alkanes in the range of the n-alkanes C20–C50 which are assumed to be residues from mineral oil products (in addition to the natural paraffins). In edible vegetable oils, concentrations may exceed 100 mg/kg. Since it was suspected that this Contamination was mostly of environmental origin, particulate matter from air was analysed for the same range of paraffins. In a road tunnel, around 5 μg/m3 of such paraffins were found, corresponding to about 3% of the fine dust (PM10). The composition corresponded to that found in the particulate matter from the exhaust of diesel engines, which in turn largely corresponded to engine (lubricating) oil. In Swiss cities, the C20–C50 mineral paraffins in the PM10 from ambient air amounted to 0.1–1.5 μg/m3 (about 1% of the dust) and seemed to primarily originate from incomplete combustion of heating and diesel oil, lubricating oil, and road tar debris. On the countryside, the concentrations were around 0.03 μg/m3 (0.3% of the dust). Soil contained 0.5–10 mg/kg of these paraffins. The similarity of the molecular weight (volatility) distribution suggests that the Food Contamination with paraffins, is mostly from the air. A substantial proportion probably consists of lubricating oil. If this hypothesis is confirmed, measures should be investigated to reduce this Contamination.
-
Food Contamination by C20–C50 mineral paraffins from the atmosphere
Atmospheric Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Hans Peter Neukom, Maurus Biedermann, Konrad Grob, Anja NotiAbstract:Abstract Most Foods from plant origin usually contain 1–10 mg/kg (dry weight) of non-resolved isomeric alkanes in the range of the n-alkanes C20–C50 which are assumed to be residues from mineral oil products (in addition to the natural paraffins). In edible vegetable oils, concentrations may exceed 100 mg/kg. Since it was suspected that this Contamination was mostly of environmental origin, particulate matter from air was analysed for the same range of paraffins. In a road tunnel, around 5 μg/m3 of such paraffins were found, corresponding to about 3% of the fine dust (PM10). The composition corresponded to that found in the particulate matter from the exhaust of diesel engines, which in turn largely corresponded to engine (lubricating) oil. In Swiss cities, the C20–C50 mineral paraffins in the PM10 from ambient air amounted to 0.1–1.5 μg/m3 (about 1% of the dust) and seemed to primarily originate from incomplete combustion of heating and diesel oil, lubricating oil, and road tar debris. On the countryside, the concentrations were around 0.03 μg/m3 (0.3% of the dust). Soil contained 0.5–10 mg/kg of these paraffins. The similarity of the molecular weight (volatility) distribution suggests that the Food Contamination with paraffins, is mostly from the air. A substantial proportion probably consists of lubricating oil. If this hypothesis is confirmed, measures should be investigated to reduce this Contamination.
-
Food Contamination by C20-C50 mineral paraffins from the atmosphere
Atmospheric Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Hans Peter Neukom, Maurus Biedermann, Konrad Grob, Anja NotiAbstract:Most Foods from plant origin usually contain 1-10mg/kg (dry weight) of non-resolved isomeric alkanes in the range of the n-alkanes C20-C50 which are assumed to be residues from mineral oil products (in addition to the natural paraffins). In edible vegetable oils, concentrations may exceed 100mg/kg. Since it was suspected that this Contamination was mostly of environmental origin, particulate matter from air was analysed for the same range of paraffins. In a road tunnel, around 5μg/m3 of such paraffins were found, corresponding to about 3% of the fine dust (PM10). The composition corresponded to that found in the particulate matter from the exhaust of diesel engines, which in turn largely corresponded to engine (lubricating) oil. In Swiss cities, the C20-C50 mineral paraffins in the PM10 from ambient air amounted to 0.1-1.5μg/m3 (about 1% of the dust) and seemed to primarily originate from incomplete combustion of heating and diesel oil, lubricating oil, and road tar debris. On the countryside, the concentrations were around 0.03μg/m3 (0.3% of the dust). Soil contained 0.5-10mg/kg of these paraffins. The similarity of the molecular weight (volatility) distribution suggests that the Food Contamination with paraffins, is mostly from the air. A substantial proportion probably consists of lubricating oil. If this hypothesis is confirmed, measures should be investigated to reduce this Contamination. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
-
Food Contamination by hydrocarbons from packaging materials determined by coupled LC-GC
European Food Research and Technology, 1991Co-Authors: Konrad Grob, Maurus Biedermann, Anna Artho, Jnes EgliAbstract:Paraffins from raw extracts of Foods and packing materials were isolated by LC and directly transferred to GC, applying concurrent eluent evaporation and a loop-type interface. Paraffins from various packing materials have been characterized: sisal bags, cardboard boxes, plastic films, wax-coated paper and cardboard as well as paraffin coatings. Important Food Contamination was found for sisal bags, cardboard boxes, and waxcoated paper/cardboard. Contamination by paraffin coatings on cheese was surprisingly small.
Wilhelm Schanzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
adverse analytical findings with clenbuterol among u 17 soccer players attributed to Food Contamination issues
Drug Testing and Analysis, 2013Co-Authors: Mario Thevis, Sven Guddat, Hans Geyer, Lina Geyer, Jiri Dvorak, Anthony W Butch, S S Sterk, Wilhelm SchanzerAbstract:The illicit use of growth promoters in animal husbandry has frequently been reported in the past. Among the drugs misused to illegally increase the benefit of stock farming, clenbuterol has held a unique position due to the substance's composition, mechanism of action, metabolism, and disposition. Particularly clenbuterol's disposition in animals' edible tissues destined for Food production can cause considerable issues on consumption by elite athletes registered in national and international doping control systems as demonstrated in this case-related study. Triggered by five adverse analytical findings with clenbuterol among the Mexican national soccer team in out-of-competition controls in May 2011, the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) initiated an inquest into a potential Food Contamination (and thus sports drug testing) problem in Mexico, the host country of the FIFA U-17 World Cup 2011. Besides 208 regular doping control samples, which were subjected to highly sensitive mass spectrometric test methods for anabolic agents, 47 meat samples were collected in team hotels during the period of the tournament and forwarded to Institute of Food Safety, RIKILT. In 14 out of 47 meat samples (30%), clenbuterol was detected at concentrations between 0.06 and 11 µg/kg. A total of 109 urine samples out of 208 doping control specimens (52%) yielded clenbuterol findings at concentrations ranging from 1-1556 pg/ml, and only 5 out of 24 teams provided urine samples that did not contain clenbuterol. At least one of these teams was on a strict 'no-meat' diet reportedly due to the known issue of clenbuterol Contamination in Mexico. Eventually, owing to the extensive evidence indicating meat Contamination as the most plausible reason for the extraordinary high prevalence of clenbuterol findings, none of the soccer players were sanctioned. However, elite athletes have to face severe consequences when testing positive for a prohibited anabolic agent and sufficient supporting information corroborating the scenario of inadvertent ingestion are required to be acquitted from anti-doping rule violations. Hence, governmental contribution is urgently needed to combat the illegal use of clenbuterol in stock breading.
-
does the analysis of the enantiomeric composition of clenbuterol in human urine enable the differentiation of illicit clenbuterol administration from Food Contamination in sports drug testing
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2013Co-Authors: Mario Thevis, Andreas Thomas, Jiri Dvorak, Anthony W Butch, Simon Beuck, Wilhelm SchanzerAbstract:RATIONALE: Clenbuterol (4-amino-α-[(tert-butylamino)methyl]-3,5-dichlorobenzyl alcohol) is approved for human and veterinary use primarily for the treatment of pulmonary afflictions. Despite the authorized administration in cases of medical indications, the misuse of clenbuterol in animal husbandry as well as elite and amateur sport has frequently been reported, arguably due to growth-promoting properties. Due to various recent incidences of doping control specimens containing clenbuterol, strategies towards the discrimination of a surreptitious application from unintended intake via animal-derived edibles or dietary supplements were required. METHODS: The enantiomeric compositions of clenbuterol in human urine samples derived from administration studies with therapeutic amounts of the β(2)-agonist and authentic doping control specimens were determined. Due to the facts that therapeutic clenbuterol consists of a racemic mixture of (+)- and (-)-stereoisomers and that the first mentioned (dextrorotatory) stereoisomer is retained to a greater extent in edible animal tissue, the differentiation of a recent administration of therapeutic (and thus racemic) clenbuterol from Food Contamination (stereoisomerically depleted clenbuterol) was considered. Employing deuterated clenbuterol as internal standard, the target analytes were extracted from human urine by means of concerted liquid-liquid and solid-phase extractions and subjected to chiral liquid chromatography hyphenated to high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. RESULTS: Both enantiomers of clenbuterol were baseline separated and relative abundances of corresponding labeled and unlabeled stereoisomers were determined, demonstrating that the therapeutic use of clenbuterol results in racemic mixtures in urine for at least 24 h while adverse analytical findings presumably originating from Food Contaminations can yield (-)-clenbuterol-depleted pairs of analytes. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of relative abundances of clenbuterol enantiomers can indicate the ingestion of clenbuterol via contaminated Food; however, depletion of (-)-clenbuterol in edible animal tissue is time-dependent and thus results can still be inconclusive as to the inadvertent ingestion of clenbuterol when clenbuterol administration to animals was conducted until slaughter.
-
clenbuterol regional Food Contamination a possible source for inadvertent doping in sports
Drug Testing and Analysis, 2012Co-Authors: Sven Guddat, Gregor Fusholler, Hans Geyer, Andreas Thomas, Hans Braun, Nadine Haenelt, Anne Schwenke, C Klose, Mario Thevis, Wilhelm SchanzerAbstract:The misuse of the sympathomimetic and anabolic agent clenbuterol has been frequently reported in professional sport and in the livestock industry. In 2010, a team of athletes returned from competition in China and regular doping control samples were taken within the next two days. All urine samples contained low amounts (pg/ml) of clenbuterol, drawing the attention to a well-known problem: the possibility of an unintended clenbuterol intake with Food. A warning that Chinese meat is possibly contaminated with prohibited substances according to international anti-doping regulations was also given by Chinese officials just before the Bejing Olympic Games in 2008. To investigate if clenbuterol can be found in human urine, a study was initiated comprising 28 volunteers collecting urine samples after their return from China. For the quantification of clenbuterol at a low pg/ml level, a very sensitive and specific isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay was developed using liquid/liquid re-extraction for clean-up with a limit of detection and quantification of 1 and 3 pg/ml, respectively. The method was validated demonstrating good precision (intra-day: 2.9–5.5 %; inter-day: 5.1–8.8%), accuracy (89.5–102.5%) and mean recovery (81.4%). Clenbuterol was detectable in 22 (79%) of the analyzed samples, indicating a general Food Contamination problem despite an official clenbuterol prohibition in China for livestock. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
-
Clenbuterol – regional Food Contamination a possible source for inadvertent doping in sports
Drug Testing and Analysis, 2012Co-Authors: Sven Guddat, Hans Geyer, Andreas Thomas, Hans Braun, Nadine Haenelt, Anne Schwenke, C Klose, Mario Thevis, Gregor Fußhöller, Wilhelm SchanzerAbstract:The misuse of the sympathomimetic and anabolic agent clenbuterol has been frequently reported in professional sport and in the livestock industry. In 2010, a team of athletes returned from competition in China and regular doping control samples were taken within the next two days. All urine samples contained low amounts (pg/ml) of clenbuterol, drawing the attention to a well-known problem: the possibility of an unintended clenbuterol intake with Food. A warning that Chinese meat is possibly contaminated with prohibited substances according to international anti-doping regulations was also given by Chinese officials just before the Bejing Olympic Games in 2008. To investigate if clenbuterol can be found in human urine, a study was initiated comprising 28 volunteers collecting urine samples after their return from China. For the quantification of clenbuterol at a low pg/ml level, a very sensitive and specific isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay was developed using liquid/liquid re-extraction for clean-up with a limit of detection and quantification of 1 and 3 pg/ml, respectively. The method was validated demonstrating good precision (intra-day: 2.9–5.5 %; inter-day: 5.1–8.8%), accuracy (89.5–102.5%) and mean recovery (81.4%). Clenbuterol was detectable in 22 (79%) of the analyzed samples, indicating a general Food Contamination problem despite an official clenbuterol prohibition in China for livestock. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maurus Biedermann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Food Contamination with organic materials in perspective packaging materials as the largest and least controlled source a view focusing on the european situation
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2006Co-Authors: Konrad Grob, Maurus Biedermann, Ellen Scherbaum, Maria Roth, Karl RiegerAbstract:The comparison of the various sources of Food Contamination with organic chemicals suggests that in the public, but also among experts, the perception of risk is often distorted. Firstly, neither pesticides nor environmental pollutants contribute the most; the amount of material migrating from Food packaging into Food may well be 100 times higher. Secondly, control of these large migrants is often lagging behind the standards set up for other sources, since many of the components (particularly those not being “starting materials”) have not been identified and, thus, not toxicologically evaluated. Finally, attitudes towards different types of Food contaminants are divergent, also reflected by the legal measures: for most sources of Food Contamination there are strict rules calling for minimization, whereas the European packaging industry has even requested a further increase in the tolerance to as close as possible to the limit set by the toxicologists. This paper calls for a more realistic perception and ...
-
Food Contamination by c20 c50 mineral paraffins from the atmosphere
Atmospheric Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Hans Peter Neukom, Maurus Biedermann, Konrad Grob, Anja NotiAbstract:Abstract Most Foods from plant origin usually contain 1–10 mg/kg (dry weight) of non-resolved isomeric alkanes in the range of the n-alkanes C20–C50 which are assumed to be residues from mineral oil products (in addition to the natural paraffins). In edible vegetable oils, concentrations may exceed 100 mg/kg. Since it was suspected that this Contamination was mostly of environmental origin, particulate matter from air was analysed for the same range of paraffins. In a road tunnel, around 5 μg/m3 of such paraffins were found, corresponding to about 3% of the fine dust (PM10). The composition corresponded to that found in the particulate matter from the exhaust of diesel engines, which in turn largely corresponded to engine (lubricating) oil. In Swiss cities, the C20–C50 mineral paraffins in the PM10 from ambient air amounted to 0.1–1.5 μg/m3 (about 1% of the dust) and seemed to primarily originate from incomplete combustion of heating and diesel oil, lubricating oil, and road tar debris. On the countryside, the concentrations were around 0.03 μg/m3 (0.3% of the dust). Soil contained 0.5–10 mg/kg of these paraffins. The similarity of the molecular weight (volatility) distribution suggests that the Food Contamination with paraffins, is mostly from the air. A substantial proportion probably consists of lubricating oil. If this hypothesis is confirmed, measures should be investigated to reduce this Contamination.
-
Food Contamination by C20–C50 mineral paraffins from the atmosphere
Atmospheric Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Hans Peter Neukom, Maurus Biedermann, Konrad Grob, Anja NotiAbstract:Abstract Most Foods from plant origin usually contain 1–10 mg/kg (dry weight) of non-resolved isomeric alkanes in the range of the n-alkanes C20–C50 which are assumed to be residues from mineral oil products (in addition to the natural paraffins). In edible vegetable oils, concentrations may exceed 100 mg/kg. Since it was suspected that this Contamination was mostly of environmental origin, particulate matter from air was analysed for the same range of paraffins. In a road tunnel, around 5 μg/m3 of such paraffins were found, corresponding to about 3% of the fine dust (PM10). The composition corresponded to that found in the particulate matter from the exhaust of diesel engines, which in turn largely corresponded to engine (lubricating) oil. In Swiss cities, the C20–C50 mineral paraffins in the PM10 from ambient air amounted to 0.1–1.5 μg/m3 (about 1% of the dust) and seemed to primarily originate from incomplete combustion of heating and diesel oil, lubricating oil, and road tar debris. On the countryside, the concentrations were around 0.03 μg/m3 (0.3% of the dust). Soil contained 0.5–10 mg/kg of these paraffins. The similarity of the molecular weight (volatility) distribution suggests that the Food Contamination with paraffins, is mostly from the air. A substantial proportion probably consists of lubricating oil. If this hypothesis is confirmed, measures should be investigated to reduce this Contamination.
-
Food Contamination by C20-C50 mineral paraffins from the atmosphere
Atmospheric Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Hans Peter Neukom, Maurus Biedermann, Konrad Grob, Anja NotiAbstract:Most Foods from plant origin usually contain 1-10mg/kg (dry weight) of non-resolved isomeric alkanes in the range of the n-alkanes C20-C50 which are assumed to be residues from mineral oil products (in addition to the natural paraffins). In edible vegetable oils, concentrations may exceed 100mg/kg. Since it was suspected that this Contamination was mostly of environmental origin, particulate matter from air was analysed for the same range of paraffins. In a road tunnel, around 5μg/m3 of such paraffins were found, corresponding to about 3% of the fine dust (PM10). The composition corresponded to that found in the particulate matter from the exhaust of diesel engines, which in turn largely corresponded to engine (lubricating) oil. In Swiss cities, the C20-C50 mineral paraffins in the PM10 from ambient air amounted to 0.1-1.5μg/m3 (about 1% of the dust) and seemed to primarily originate from incomplete combustion of heating and diesel oil, lubricating oil, and road tar debris. On the countryside, the concentrations were around 0.03μg/m3 (0.3% of the dust). Soil contained 0.5-10mg/kg of these paraffins. The similarity of the molecular weight (volatility) distribution suggests that the Food Contamination with paraffins, is mostly from the air. A substantial proportion probably consists of lubricating oil. If this hypothesis is confirmed, measures should be investigated to reduce this Contamination. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
-
Food Contamination by hydrocarbons from packaging materials determined by coupled LC-GC
European Food Research and Technology, 1991Co-Authors: Konrad Grob, Maurus Biedermann, Anna Artho, Jnes EgliAbstract:Paraffins from raw extracts of Foods and packing materials were isolated by LC and directly transferred to GC, applying concurrent eluent evaporation and a loop-type interface. Paraffins from various packing materials have been characterized: sisal bags, cardboard boxes, plastic films, wax-coated paper and cardboard as well as paraffin coatings. Important Food Contamination was found for sisal bags, cardboard boxes, and waxcoated paper/cardboard. Contamination by paraffin coatings on cheese was surprisingly small.
Anja Noti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Food Contamination by C20–C50 mineral paraffins from the atmosphere
Atmospheric Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Hans Peter Neukom, Maurus Biedermann, Konrad Grob, Anja NotiAbstract:Abstract Most Foods from plant origin usually contain 1–10 mg/kg (dry weight) of non-resolved isomeric alkanes in the range of the n-alkanes C20–C50 which are assumed to be residues from mineral oil products (in addition to the natural paraffins). In edible vegetable oils, concentrations may exceed 100 mg/kg. Since it was suspected that this Contamination was mostly of environmental origin, particulate matter from air was analysed for the same range of paraffins. In a road tunnel, around 5 μg/m3 of such paraffins were found, corresponding to about 3% of the fine dust (PM10). The composition corresponded to that found in the particulate matter from the exhaust of diesel engines, which in turn largely corresponded to engine (lubricating) oil. In Swiss cities, the C20–C50 mineral paraffins in the PM10 from ambient air amounted to 0.1–1.5 μg/m3 (about 1% of the dust) and seemed to primarily originate from incomplete combustion of heating and diesel oil, lubricating oil, and road tar debris. On the countryside, the concentrations were around 0.03 μg/m3 (0.3% of the dust). Soil contained 0.5–10 mg/kg of these paraffins. The similarity of the molecular weight (volatility) distribution suggests that the Food Contamination with paraffins, is mostly from the air. A substantial proportion probably consists of lubricating oil. If this hypothesis is confirmed, measures should be investigated to reduce this Contamination.
-
Food Contamination by c20 c50 mineral paraffins from the atmosphere
Atmospheric Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Hans Peter Neukom, Maurus Biedermann, Konrad Grob, Anja NotiAbstract:Abstract Most Foods from plant origin usually contain 1–10 mg/kg (dry weight) of non-resolved isomeric alkanes in the range of the n-alkanes C20–C50 which are assumed to be residues from mineral oil products (in addition to the natural paraffins). In edible vegetable oils, concentrations may exceed 100 mg/kg. Since it was suspected that this Contamination was mostly of environmental origin, particulate matter from air was analysed for the same range of paraffins. In a road tunnel, around 5 μg/m3 of such paraffins were found, corresponding to about 3% of the fine dust (PM10). The composition corresponded to that found in the particulate matter from the exhaust of diesel engines, which in turn largely corresponded to engine (lubricating) oil. In Swiss cities, the C20–C50 mineral paraffins in the PM10 from ambient air amounted to 0.1–1.5 μg/m3 (about 1% of the dust) and seemed to primarily originate from incomplete combustion of heating and diesel oil, lubricating oil, and road tar debris. On the countryside, the concentrations were around 0.03 μg/m3 (0.3% of the dust). Soil contained 0.5–10 mg/kg of these paraffins. The similarity of the molecular weight (volatility) distribution suggests that the Food Contamination with paraffins, is mostly from the air. A substantial proportion probably consists of lubricating oil. If this hypothesis is confirmed, measures should be investigated to reduce this Contamination.
-
Food Contamination by C20-C50 mineral paraffins from the atmosphere
Atmospheric Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Hans Peter Neukom, Maurus Biedermann, Konrad Grob, Anja NotiAbstract:Most Foods from plant origin usually contain 1-10mg/kg (dry weight) of non-resolved isomeric alkanes in the range of the n-alkanes C20-C50 which are assumed to be residues from mineral oil products (in addition to the natural paraffins). In edible vegetable oils, concentrations may exceed 100mg/kg. Since it was suspected that this Contamination was mostly of environmental origin, particulate matter from air was analysed for the same range of paraffins. In a road tunnel, around 5μg/m3 of such paraffins were found, corresponding to about 3% of the fine dust (PM10). The composition corresponded to that found in the particulate matter from the exhaust of diesel engines, which in turn largely corresponded to engine (lubricating) oil. In Swiss cities, the C20-C50 mineral paraffins in the PM10 from ambient air amounted to 0.1-1.5μg/m3 (about 1% of the dust) and seemed to primarily originate from incomplete combustion of heating and diesel oil, lubricating oil, and road tar debris. On the countryside, the concentrations were around 0.03μg/m3 (0.3% of the dust). Soil contained 0.5-10mg/kg of these paraffins. The similarity of the molecular weight (volatility) distribution suggests that the Food Contamination with paraffins, is mostly from the air. A substantial proportion probably consists of lubricating oil. If this hypothesis is confirmed, measures should be investigated to reduce this Contamination. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Christine Faille - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Hygienic design of Food processing lines to mitigate the risk of bacterial Food Contamination with respect to environmental concerns
Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2018Co-Authors: Christine Faille, Charles Cunault, Thomas Dubois, Thierry BénézechAbstract:Public authorities, chain stakeholders and consumers are all concerned by microbial Food safety. Microbiological hazards are one of the most common causes of Food poisoning that has been considered for many years but still on the track nowadays considering the recent Foodborne disease outbreaks largely reported by the media. Microbial Contamination origins are diverse from the field to the plate e.g. soil, air, equipment surfaces, packaging material and staff. Firstly, this article highlights the ways in which the choice of materials plays a major role in surface hygiene. Hydrodynamic conditions directly linked to the equipment geometry are focused on, as is the role played by surfaces in contact with air in surface drying. Surface environmental conditions during processing or cleaning are discussed and new proposals described. Better knowledge of surface Contamination and cleaning mechanisms would positively impact hygienic design principles, thereby mitigating any environmental impact of the cleaning operations in the Food and beverage industries: new strategies are therefore proposed. Industrial relevance: Hygienic design of Food processing equipment is nowadays considered to be mandatory in the reduction of the risk microbial Food Contamination. The presentation of potential roles of materials on the remaining bacterial soil, after soiling and cleaning, provide new insights when envisaging any hygienic improvements. Equipment design plays a major role in Contamination trapping or in the ease of removal via the flow arrangements, notably during cleaning and rinsing operations. More detailed knowledge of the flow mechanical actions combined with the unavoidable chemical action of the detergents would allow industries to go further in enhancing certain “good” phenomena, such as pulsed flow conditions. Last but not least are those possibilities offered by a hygienically designed processing line, in the quest for environmental impact mitigation of cleaning operations i.e. drinking water and energy reductions, or the use of new “green” mild detergents.
-
sporulation of bacillus spp within biofilms a potential source of Contamination in Food processing environments
Food Microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Christine Faille, Thierry Bénézech, Graziella Mideletbourdin, Yannick Lequette, Martine Clarisse, Gilles Ronse, Annette Ronse, Christian SlomiannyAbstract:Bacillus strains are often isolated from biofilms in the Food industries. Previous works have demonstrated that sporulation could occur in biofilms, suggesting that biofilms would be a significant source of Food Contamination with spores. In this study, we investigated the properties of mono-species and mixed Bacillus biofilms and the ability of Bacillus strains to sporulate inside biofilms. Bacillus strains were able to form mono-species biofilms on stainless steel coupons, with up to 90% spores after a 48 h-incubation. These spores were highly resistant to cleaning but were easily transferred to agar, mimicking the cross-Contamination of Food, thereby suggesting that biofilms would be of particular concern due to a potential for Bacillus spore Food Contamination. This hypothesis was strengthened by the fact that Bacillus strains were able to form mixed biofilms with resident strains and that sporulation still occurred easily in these complex structures.