The Experts below are selected from a list of 255 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eric Baranowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evolution of Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus.
Virus research, 2003Co-Authors: Esteban Domingo, Cristina Escarmís, Eric Baranowski, Carmen M. Ruiz-jarabo, Elisa Carrillo, Juan Ignacio Núñez, Francisco SobrinoAbstract:Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus evolution is strongly influenced by high mutation rates and a quasispecies dynamics. Mutant swarms are subjected to positive selection, negative selection and random drift of genomes. Adaptation is the result of selective amplification of subpopulations of genomes. The extent of adaptation to a given environment is quantified by a relative fitness value. Fitness values depend on the virus and its physical and biological environment. Generally, infections involving large population passages result in fitness gain and population bottlenecks lead to fitness loss. Very different types of mutations tend to accumulate in the Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) genome depending on the virus population size during replication. Quasispecies dynamics predict higher probability of success of antiviral strategies based on multivalent vaccines and combination therapy, and this has been supported by clinical and veterinary practice. Quasispecies suggest also new antiviral strategies based on virus entry into error catastrophe, and such procedures are under investigation. Studies with FMDV have contributed to the understanding of quasispecies dynamics and some of its biological implications.
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Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus
Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2002Co-Authors: Esteban Domingo, Cristina Escarmís, Francisco Sobrino, Eric BaranowskiAbstract:Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) is an aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae and the etiological agent of the economically most important animal Disease. As a typical picornavirus, FMD virions are nonenveloped particles of icosahedral symmetry and its genome is a single stranded RNA of about 8500 nucleotides and of positive polarity. FMDV RNA is infectious and it replicates via a complementary, minus strand RNA. FMDV RNA replication is error-prone so that viral populations consist of mutant spectra (quasispecies) rather than a defined genomic sequence. Therefore FMDV in nature is genetically and antigenically diverse. This poses important challenges for the diagnosis, prevention and control of FMD. A deeper understanding of FMDV population complexity and evolution has suggested requirements for a new generation of anti-FMD vaccines. This is relevant to the current debate on the adequacy of non-vaccination versus vaccination policies for the control of FMD.
Francisco Sobrino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evolution of Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus.
Virus research, 2003Co-Authors: Esteban Domingo, Cristina Escarmís, Eric Baranowski, Carmen M. Ruiz-jarabo, Elisa Carrillo, Juan Ignacio Núñez, Francisco SobrinoAbstract:Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus evolution is strongly influenced by high mutation rates and a quasispecies dynamics. Mutant swarms are subjected to positive selection, negative selection and random drift of genomes. Adaptation is the result of selective amplification of subpopulations of genomes. The extent of adaptation to a given environment is quantified by a relative fitness value. Fitness values depend on the virus and its physical and biological environment. Generally, infections involving large population passages result in fitness gain and population bottlenecks lead to fitness loss. Very different types of mutations tend to accumulate in the Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) genome depending on the virus population size during replication. Quasispecies dynamics predict higher probability of success of antiviral strategies based on multivalent vaccines and combination therapy, and this has been supported by clinical and veterinary practice. Quasispecies suggest also new antiviral strategies based on virus entry into error catastrophe, and such procedures are under investigation. Studies with FMDV have contributed to the understanding of quasispecies dynamics and some of its biological implications.
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Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus
Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2002Co-Authors: Esteban Domingo, Cristina Escarmís, Francisco Sobrino, Eric BaranowskiAbstract:Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) is an aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae and the etiological agent of the economically most important animal Disease. As a typical picornavirus, FMD virions are nonenveloped particles of icosahedral symmetry and its genome is a single stranded RNA of about 8500 nucleotides and of positive polarity. FMDV RNA is infectious and it replicates via a complementary, minus strand RNA. FMDV RNA replication is error-prone so that viral populations consist of mutant spectra (quasispecies) rather than a defined genomic sequence. Therefore FMDV in nature is genetically and antigenically diverse. This poses important challenges for the diagnosis, prevention and control of FMD. A deeper understanding of FMDV population complexity and evolution has suggested requirements for a new generation of anti-FMD vaccines. This is relevant to the current debate on the adequacy of non-vaccination versus vaccination policies for the control of FMD.
Esteban Domingo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evolution of Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus.
Virus research, 2003Co-Authors: Esteban Domingo, Cristina Escarmís, Eric Baranowski, Carmen M. Ruiz-jarabo, Elisa Carrillo, Juan Ignacio Núñez, Francisco SobrinoAbstract:Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus evolution is strongly influenced by high mutation rates and a quasispecies dynamics. Mutant swarms are subjected to positive selection, negative selection and random drift of genomes. Adaptation is the result of selective amplification of subpopulations of genomes. The extent of adaptation to a given environment is quantified by a relative fitness value. Fitness values depend on the virus and its physical and biological environment. Generally, infections involving large population passages result in fitness gain and population bottlenecks lead to fitness loss. Very different types of mutations tend to accumulate in the Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) genome depending on the virus population size during replication. Quasispecies dynamics predict higher probability of success of antiviral strategies based on multivalent vaccines and combination therapy, and this has been supported by clinical and veterinary practice. Quasispecies suggest also new antiviral strategies based on virus entry into error catastrophe, and such procedures are under investigation. Studies with FMDV have contributed to the understanding of quasispecies dynamics and some of its biological implications.
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Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus
Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2002Co-Authors: Esteban Domingo, Cristina Escarmís, Francisco Sobrino, Eric BaranowskiAbstract:Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) is an aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae and the etiological agent of the economically most important animal Disease. As a typical picornavirus, FMD virions are nonenveloped particles of icosahedral symmetry and its genome is a single stranded RNA of about 8500 nucleotides and of positive polarity. FMDV RNA is infectious and it replicates via a complementary, minus strand RNA. FMDV RNA replication is error-prone so that viral populations consist of mutant spectra (quasispecies) rather than a defined genomic sequence. Therefore FMDV in nature is genetically and antigenically diverse. This poses important challenges for the diagnosis, prevention and control of FMD. A deeper understanding of FMDV population complexity and evolution has suggested requirements for a new generation of anti-FMD vaccines. This is relevant to the current debate on the adequacy of non-vaccination versus vaccination policies for the control of FMD.
R.s. Morris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The use of a geographical information system in the management of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease epidemic
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 1991Co-Authors: R.l. Sanson, H. Liberona, R.s. MorrisAbstract:Abstract A decision support system for managing a Foot-and-Mouth Disease epidemic is being developed at Massey University on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. The system will comprise a variety of computer technologies, including a database management system, a geographic information system, a spatial simulation model of Foot-and-Mouth Disease and a number of expert systems.
Cristina Escarmís - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evolution of Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus.
Virus research, 2003Co-Authors: Esteban Domingo, Cristina Escarmís, Eric Baranowski, Carmen M. Ruiz-jarabo, Elisa Carrillo, Juan Ignacio Núñez, Francisco SobrinoAbstract:Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus evolution is strongly influenced by high mutation rates and a quasispecies dynamics. Mutant swarms are subjected to positive selection, negative selection and random drift of genomes. Adaptation is the result of selective amplification of subpopulations of genomes. The extent of adaptation to a given environment is quantified by a relative fitness value. Fitness values depend on the virus and its physical and biological environment. Generally, infections involving large population passages result in fitness gain and population bottlenecks lead to fitness loss. Very different types of mutations tend to accumulate in the Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) genome depending on the virus population size during replication. Quasispecies dynamics predict higher probability of success of antiviral strategies based on multivalent vaccines and combination therapy, and this has been supported by clinical and veterinary practice. Quasispecies suggest also new antiviral strategies based on virus entry into error catastrophe, and such procedures are under investigation. Studies with FMDV have contributed to the understanding of quasispecies dynamics and some of its biological implications.
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Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus
Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2002Co-Authors: Esteban Domingo, Cristina Escarmís, Francisco Sobrino, Eric BaranowskiAbstract:Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) is an aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae and the etiological agent of the economically most important animal Disease. As a typical picornavirus, FMD virions are nonenveloped particles of icosahedral symmetry and its genome is a single stranded RNA of about 8500 nucleotides and of positive polarity. FMDV RNA is infectious and it replicates via a complementary, minus strand RNA. FMDV RNA replication is error-prone so that viral populations consist of mutant spectra (quasispecies) rather than a defined genomic sequence. Therefore FMDV in nature is genetically and antigenically diverse. This poses important challenges for the diagnosis, prevention and control of FMD. A deeper understanding of FMDV population complexity and evolution has suggested requirements for a new generation of anti-FMD vaccines. This is relevant to the current debate on the adequacy of non-vaccination versus vaccination policies for the control of FMD.