The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Letusa Momesso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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upland rice intercropped with Forage Grasses in an integrated crop livestock system optimizing nitrogen management and food production
Field Crops Research, 2021Co-Authors: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol, Letusa Momesso, Jose Roberto Portugal, Claudio Hideo Martins Da Costa, Joao William Bossolani, Nidia Raquel Costa, Cristiano Magalhaes Pariz, Andre M Castilhos, Vitor Rodrigues, Ciniro CostaAbstract:Abstract Intercropping upland rice with Forage Grasses is a potential strategy for enhancing the sustainability of agriculture in the tropical region by increasing food production, land use per unit area, nitrogen (N) cycling, and profitability. However, little is known about the appropriate N management and N use efficiency of upland rice in these complex systems. Thus, our aim was to verify the feasibility of intercropping upland rice with tropical Forage Grasses combined with different N management applications at sowing and sidedressing. A field experiment was carried out in three growing seasons with three intercropping systems (monocropped upland rice, upland rice intercropped with palisade grass, and upland rice intercropped with guinea grass) combined with six N applications to upland rice [0−0 (control), 100−0, 80−20, 50−50, 20−80, and 0−100 kg N ha−1 at sowing-sidedressing]. Dry matter (DM) and accumulated N were measured in upland rice and Forage Grasses. In addition, components of rice yield production, industrial yield, production cost, land equivalent ratio, relative N yield, relative crowding coefficient, aggressivity of upland rice with Forage Grasses, Forage crude protein (CP) concentration, estimated animal stocking rate, and estimated meat production were determined. Despite competition between rice and Forage Grasses, intercropping systems had superior benefits in terms of production and land use per unit area, N cycling, and profitability compared with monoculture. Forage DM production, CP, estimated animal stocking rate, and estimated meat production increased when N fertilizer was applied at sidedressing to rice (20−80, 50−50 and 0−100 kg N ha−1). Rice intercropped with guinea grass produced a greater amount of biomass, indicating that this Forage species may be more advantageous in tropical regions. Net profit, total aboveground biomass, total N content, land equivalent ratio, and relative N yield were greater in intercropping systems fertilized with N.
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Upland rice yield enhanced by early nitrogen fertilization on previous palisade grass
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2020Co-Authors: Letusa Momesso, Carlos A. C. Crusciol, Rogério P. Soratto, Katiuça S. Tanaka, Claudio H. M. Costa, Heitor Cantarella, Eiko E. KuramaeAbstract:High grain yields of upland rice ( Oryza sativa L.) can be achieved in no-tillage systems. However, managing nitrogen (N) fertilization for rice in succession to Forage Grasses is a challenge because Forage residues change N cycling and increase microbial immobilization of N, thereby reducing N availability to the subsequent cash crop. In the present study, two field experiments were conducted to determine if applying all or part of the N fertilizer on preceding palisade grass ( Urochloa brizantha ) and ruzigrass ( Urochloa ruziziensis ) or their desiccated residues immediately before rice seeding can supply N to the subsequent rice crop. Forage biomass yield (8–16 Mg ha^− 1), N accumulation, and N supply to the subsequent upland rice were highest when all of the N fertilizer was applied on Forage Grasses at 50, 40 or 35 days before rice seeding (DBS), as opposed to the conventional split application at rice seeding and at tillering. On average, the grain yield of upland rice was 54% higher in succession to palisade grass compared with ruzigrass. The grain yield of rice was higher when N was applied to palisade grass at 35 DBS and ruzigrass at 50 DBS, reaching 5.0 Mg ha^− 1 and 3.7 Mg ha^− 1, respectively. However, applying N to ruzigrass was less effective for increasing upland rice yields since the yields did not differ from the treatments with the conventional split application. Adjusting the time of N application to Forage Grasses to increase the grain yields of subsequent upland rice is a sustainable alternative that can promote the economic viability of upland rice production.
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overcoming competition from intercropped Forages on upland rice with optimized nitrogen input to food production in tropical region
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2020Co-Authors: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol, Letusa Momesso, Jose Roberto Portugal, Claudio Hideo Martins Da Costa, Joao William Bossolani, Nidia Raquel Costa, Cristiano Magalhaes Pariz, Andre M Castilhos, Ciniro Costa, Alan J FranzluebbersAbstract:Intercropping Forage Grasses with upland rice is an alternative cropping system to improve agroecosystem diversification and could potentially enhance sustainability in tropical regions. However, nitrogen (N) immobilization and nutrient competition between rice and Forage Grasses could reduce rice grain yield and decrease overall productivity. Therefore, fertilizer N requirements of upland rice intercropped with Forage Grasses needs to be better defined. Field experiments were carried out during three growing seasons on a Typic Haplorthox soil in Sao Paulo state of Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with a 3 × 4 factorial scheme with four replications. Treatments were cropping system [monocropped rice (Oryza sativa L.), rice intercropped with palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha), and rice intercropped with guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus) and sidedress N application rate (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N ha-1). Intercropped Grasses were sown between upland rice rows 30 days after rice emergence. On average, intercropping of rice with palisadegrass or guineagrass decreased rice shoot dry matter and grain yield by 11% and milled rice productivity by 10% compared with monocropped rice. Grain yield, grain protein, and milled productivity of rice increased as N application rate increased. Forage dry matter production (first and second cut) and crude protein (second cut) were greatest in the rice + palisadegrass intercropping system. Production of both Forage Grasses increased with up to 80 kg N ha-1 in the first cut and increased linearly with N in the second cut. Intercropping of rice with palisadegrass or guineagrass with 80 kg N ha-1 application resulted in the greatest land equivalent ratio (1.96 and 1.55, respectively). Relative N yield was greatest at 120 kg N ha-1 (220 and 173%, respectively). Although rice monocropping had greatest grain yield, intercropping systems with Forage Grasses were more favorable from both economic and environmental perspectives by enhancing plant diversification, nutrient cycling with Forage Grasses, land use production per unit area, and profitability throughout the year.
Roberta Alvarenga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Olfactory response of Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) to volatile organic compounds from Forage Grasses
Scientific reports, 2019Co-Authors: Sandra Elisa Barbosa Da Silva, Alexander Machado Auad, Jair Campos Moraes, Roberta Alvarenga, Marcy Das Graças Fonseca, Francisco A. Marques, Nayana C. S. Santos, Noemi NagataAbstract:Several herbivorous insects utilize plant chemical cues to identify hosts for feeding. The role of smell in host plant detection by Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant) remains largely unknown. In this study, assays were applied to assess M. spectabilis olfactory responses to Forage Grasses (Pennisetum purpureum cvs. Roxo Botucatu and Pioneiro; Panicum maximum cvs. Makueni and Tanzânia; Hyparrhenia rufa cv. Jaragua; Melinis minutiflora; Cynodon dactylon cv. Tifton; Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu; and Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk). Bioassays were performed using a Y-olfactometer to evaluate the behavior of adult M. spectabilis to Forage damaged and undamaged by insects. M. spectabilis preferred volatiles of undamaged Basilisk and Pioneiro. Repellent behavior by M. spectabilis to cospecifics was recorded for plant volatiles from damaged Marandu. The mixture of volatiles from undamaged Forage Grasses differed from that of Forage Grasses damaged by insects. Forage Grasses showed a greater diversity of compounds after damage, including menthone, eucalyptol and camphor, which are compounds likely to cause loss of attractiveness or repellence. Our results demonstrate that M. spectabilis employs plant chemical cues in its choice of hosts. This fact may contribute to strategies of integrated management against this pest.
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Do silicon and nitric oxide induce resistance to Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in Forage Grasses?
Pest management science, 2019Co-Authors: Roberta Alvarenga, Alexander Machado Auad, Jair Campos Moraes, Sandra E. B. SilvaAbstract:BACKGROUND Great efforts have been made to identify Grasses that are resistant to spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). However, the time required to develop and launch new cultivars is relatively long. The employment of resistance inducers is a current strategy that may be useful for the control of insect pests. This analysis evaluates the feasibility of using the chemical inducers silicon and nitric oxide to increase spittlebug resistance based on changes in Forage grass vegetative characteristics and the biological traits of Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909). RESULTS Mahanarva spectabilis nymphs and adults can cause significant damage to Forage Grasses. Furthermore, silicon and nitric oxide inducers were not sufficient to lessen this damage by positively influencing the growth and development of Forage Grasses. These inducers did not negatively alter the biological parameters of M. spectabilis or diminish its population. However, phenolic compound concentrations increased when Forage Grasses were treated with silicon or attacked by adult insects, but this parameter was not useful to predict spittlebug resistance. This fact suggests that the physiological and biochemical changes caused by silicon should be further studied. CONCLUSION The current analysis demonstrated that application of the chemical inducers silicon and nitric oxide is currently not a viable strategy for the effective and economic management of M. spectabilis on Brachiaria ruziziensis, Pennisetum purpureum and Digitaria sp. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ciniro Costa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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upland rice intercropped with Forage Grasses in an integrated crop livestock system optimizing nitrogen management and food production
Field Crops Research, 2021Co-Authors: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol, Letusa Momesso, Jose Roberto Portugal, Claudio Hideo Martins Da Costa, Joao William Bossolani, Nidia Raquel Costa, Cristiano Magalhaes Pariz, Andre M Castilhos, Vitor Rodrigues, Ciniro CostaAbstract:Abstract Intercropping upland rice with Forage Grasses is a potential strategy for enhancing the sustainability of agriculture in the tropical region by increasing food production, land use per unit area, nitrogen (N) cycling, and profitability. However, little is known about the appropriate N management and N use efficiency of upland rice in these complex systems. Thus, our aim was to verify the feasibility of intercropping upland rice with tropical Forage Grasses combined with different N management applications at sowing and sidedressing. A field experiment was carried out in three growing seasons with three intercropping systems (monocropped upland rice, upland rice intercropped with palisade grass, and upland rice intercropped with guinea grass) combined with six N applications to upland rice [0−0 (control), 100−0, 80−20, 50−50, 20−80, and 0−100 kg N ha−1 at sowing-sidedressing]. Dry matter (DM) and accumulated N were measured in upland rice and Forage Grasses. In addition, components of rice yield production, industrial yield, production cost, land equivalent ratio, relative N yield, relative crowding coefficient, aggressivity of upland rice with Forage Grasses, Forage crude protein (CP) concentration, estimated animal stocking rate, and estimated meat production were determined. Despite competition between rice and Forage Grasses, intercropping systems had superior benefits in terms of production and land use per unit area, N cycling, and profitability compared with monoculture. Forage DM production, CP, estimated animal stocking rate, and estimated meat production increased when N fertilizer was applied at sidedressing to rice (20−80, 50−50 and 0−100 kg N ha−1). Rice intercropped with guinea grass produced a greater amount of biomass, indicating that this Forage species may be more advantageous in tropical regions. Net profit, total aboveground biomass, total N content, land equivalent ratio, and relative N yield were greater in intercropping systems fertilized with N.
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overcoming competition from intercropped Forages on upland rice with optimized nitrogen input to food production in tropical region
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2020Co-Authors: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol, Letusa Momesso, Jose Roberto Portugal, Claudio Hideo Martins Da Costa, Joao William Bossolani, Nidia Raquel Costa, Cristiano Magalhaes Pariz, Andre M Castilhos, Ciniro Costa, Alan J FranzluebbersAbstract:Intercropping Forage Grasses with upland rice is an alternative cropping system to improve agroecosystem diversification and could potentially enhance sustainability in tropical regions. However, nitrogen (N) immobilization and nutrient competition between rice and Forage Grasses could reduce rice grain yield and decrease overall productivity. Therefore, fertilizer N requirements of upland rice intercropped with Forage Grasses needs to be better defined. Field experiments were carried out during three growing seasons on a Typic Haplorthox soil in Sao Paulo state of Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with a 3 × 4 factorial scheme with four replications. Treatments were cropping system [monocropped rice (Oryza sativa L.), rice intercropped with palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha), and rice intercropped with guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus) and sidedress N application rate (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N ha-1). Intercropped Grasses were sown between upland rice rows 30 days after rice emergence. On average, intercropping of rice with palisadegrass or guineagrass decreased rice shoot dry matter and grain yield by 11% and milled rice productivity by 10% compared with monocropped rice. Grain yield, grain protein, and milled productivity of rice increased as N application rate increased. Forage dry matter production (first and second cut) and crude protein (second cut) were greatest in the rice + palisadegrass intercropping system. Production of both Forage Grasses increased with up to 80 kg N ha-1 in the first cut and increased linearly with N in the second cut. Intercropping of rice with palisadegrass or guineagrass with 80 kg N ha-1 application resulted in the greatest land equivalent ratio (1.96 and 1.55, respectively). Relative N yield was greatest at 120 kg N ha-1 (220 and 173%, respectively). Although rice monocropping had greatest grain yield, intercropping systems with Forage Grasses were more favorable from both economic and environmental perspectives by enhancing plant diversification, nutrient cycling with Forage Grasses, land use production per unit area, and profitability throughout the year.
Jair Campos Moraes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Olfactory response of Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) to volatile organic compounds from Forage Grasses
Scientific reports, 2019Co-Authors: Sandra Elisa Barbosa Da Silva, Alexander Machado Auad, Jair Campos Moraes, Roberta Alvarenga, Marcy Das Graças Fonseca, Francisco A. Marques, Nayana C. S. Santos, Noemi NagataAbstract:Several herbivorous insects utilize plant chemical cues to identify hosts for feeding. The role of smell in host plant detection by Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant) remains largely unknown. In this study, assays were applied to assess M. spectabilis olfactory responses to Forage Grasses (Pennisetum purpureum cvs. Roxo Botucatu and Pioneiro; Panicum maximum cvs. Makueni and Tanzânia; Hyparrhenia rufa cv. Jaragua; Melinis minutiflora; Cynodon dactylon cv. Tifton; Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu; and Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk). Bioassays were performed using a Y-olfactometer to evaluate the behavior of adult M. spectabilis to Forage damaged and undamaged by insects. M. spectabilis preferred volatiles of undamaged Basilisk and Pioneiro. Repellent behavior by M. spectabilis to cospecifics was recorded for plant volatiles from damaged Marandu. The mixture of volatiles from undamaged Forage Grasses differed from that of Forage Grasses damaged by insects. Forage Grasses showed a greater diversity of compounds after damage, including menthone, eucalyptol and camphor, which are compounds likely to cause loss of attractiveness or repellence. Our results demonstrate that M. spectabilis employs plant chemical cues in its choice of hosts. This fact may contribute to strategies of integrated management against this pest.
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Do silicon and nitric oxide induce resistance to Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in Forage Grasses?
Pest management science, 2019Co-Authors: Roberta Alvarenga, Alexander Machado Auad, Jair Campos Moraes, Sandra E. B. SilvaAbstract:BACKGROUND Great efforts have been made to identify Grasses that are resistant to spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). However, the time required to develop and launch new cultivars is relatively long. The employment of resistance inducers is a current strategy that may be useful for the control of insect pests. This analysis evaluates the feasibility of using the chemical inducers silicon and nitric oxide to increase spittlebug resistance based on changes in Forage grass vegetative characteristics and the biological traits of Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909). RESULTS Mahanarva spectabilis nymphs and adults can cause significant damage to Forage Grasses. Furthermore, silicon and nitric oxide inducers were not sufficient to lessen this damage by positively influencing the growth and development of Forage Grasses. These inducers did not negatively alter the biological parameters of M. spectabilis or diminish its population. However, phenolic compound concentrations increased when Forage Grasses were treated with silicon or attacked by adult insects, but this parameter was not useful to predict spittlebug resistance. This fact suggests that the physiological and biochemical changes caused by silicon should be further studied. CONCLUSION The current analysis demonstrated that application of the chemical inducers silicon and nitric oxide is currently not a viable strategy for the effective and economic management of M. spectabilis on Brachiaria ruziziensis, Pennisetum purpureum and Digitaria sp. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Alexander Machado Auad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Olfactory response of Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) to volatile organic compounds from Forage Grasses
Scientific reports, 2019Co-Authors: Sandra Elisa Barbosa Da Silva, Alexander Machado Auad, Jair Campos Moraes, Roberta Alvarenga, Marcy Das Graças Fonseca, Francisco A. Marques, Nayana C. S. Santos, Noemi NagataAbstract:Several herbivorous insects utilize plant chemical cues to identify hosts for feeding. The role of smell in host plant detection by Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant) remains largely unknown. In this study, assays were applied to assess M. spectabilis olfactory responses to Forage Grasses (Pennisetum purpureum cvs. Roxo Botucatu and Pioneiro; Panicum maximum cvs. Makueni and Tanzânia; Hyparrhenia rufa cv. Jaragua; Melinis minutiflora; Cynodon dactylon cv. Tifton; Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu; and Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk). Bioassays were performed using a Y-olfactometer to evaluate the behavior of adult M. spectabilis to Forage damaged and undamaged by insects. M. spectabilis preferred volatiles of undamaged Basilisk and Pioneiro. Repellent behavior by M. spectabilis to cospecifics was recorded for plant volatiles from damaged Marandu. The mixture of volatiles from undamaged Forage Grasses differed from that of Forage Grasses damaged by insects. Forage Grasses showed a greater diversity of compounds after damage, including menthone, eucalyptol and camphor, which are compounds likely to cause loss of attractiveness or repellence. Our results demonstrate that M. spectabilis employs plant chemical cues in its choice of hosts. This fact may contribute to strategies of integrated management against this pest.
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Do silicon and nitric oxide induce resistance to Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in Forage Grasses?
Pest management science, 2019Co-Authors: Roberta Alvarenga, Alexander Machado Auad, Jair Campos Moraes, Sandra E. B. SilvaAbstract:BACKGROUND Great efforts have been made to identify Grasses that are resistant to spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). However, the time required to develop and launch new cultivars is relatively long. The employment of resistance inducers is a current strategy that may be useful for the control of insect pests. This analysis evaluates the feasibility of using the chemical inducers silicon and nitric oxide to increase spittlebug resistance based on changes in Forage grass vegetative characteristics and the biological traits of Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909). RESULTS Mahanarva spectabilis nymphs and adults can cause significant damage to Forage Grasses. Furthermore, silicon and nitric oxide inducers were not sufficient to lessen this damage by positively influencing the growth and development of Forage Grasses. These inducers did not negatively alter the biological parameters of M. spectabilis or diminish its population. However, phenolic compound concentrations increased when Forage Grasses were treated with silicon or attacked by adult insects, but this parameter was not useful to predict spittlebug resistance. This fact suggests that the physiological and biochemical changes caused by silicon should be further studied. CONCLUSION The current analysis demonstrated that application of the chemical inducers silicon and nitric oxide is currently not a viable strategy for the effective and economic management of M. spectabilis on Brachiaria ruziziensis, Pennisetum purpureum and Digitaria sp. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.