The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
J F Carroll - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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composition of cyclotrichium niveum essential oil enantiomeric separation of pulegone and Repellent activity against the lone star tick and yellow fever mosquito
Planta Medica, 2013Co-Authors: Nurhayat Tabanca, Ulrich R Bernier, J F Carroll, Matthew Kramer, T Ozek, Gulmira Ozek, Zeki Aytac, Khc Baser, Ikhlas A KhanAbstract:Ticks and mosquitoes transmit pathogens that can cause serious and sometimes fatal diseases to humans and other animals. Chemical Repellents are an important personal protection tool to protect humans and livestock from arthropod bites. Our research programs focuses on the discovery of naturally occurring insecticides and Repellents that can be used to further reduce disease transmission risk to animals. The most widely used topical Repellent is a synthetic compound, DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide). However, concerns over the safety of DEET lead to some user acceptability issues among Repellent users. Consequently, there has been an increase in focus on alternative Repellents from the natural sources. As part of our efforts to identify natural Repellents, we investigated the essential oil of Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden. (Labiatae) as a Repellent against the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum nymphs, and against adult yellow fever mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti. Cyclotrichium niveum essential oil showed good Repellent activity against both species and pulegone was more effective against A. americanum and Ae. aegypti. The enantiomeric distribution of (R)-(+)-pulegone was determined by using Rt-βDEXse fused silica chiral capillary column using multidimensional GC-MS system.Acknowledgements: This study was supported by USDA, ARS grant No. 56 – 6402 – 1-612 and Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program and the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB).
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natural product studies of u s endangered plants volatile components of lindera melissifolia lauraceae repel mosquitoes and ticks
Phytochemistry, 2012Co-Authors: John J Bowling, Ulrich R Bernier, J F Carroll, Betul Demirci, Husnu Can K Baser, Theodor D Leininger, Mark T HamannAbstract:The number of endangered plant species in the U.S. is significant, yet studies aimed towards utilizing these plants are limited. Ticks and mosquitoes are vectors of significant pathogenic diseases of humans. Repellents are critical means of personal protection against biting arthropods and disease transmission. The essential oil and solvent extracts from Lindera melissifolia (Walt.) Blume (Lauraceae) (pondberry) drupes were gathered and analyzed by GC and GC–MS. The essential oil obtained from this endangered plant showed a significant dose dependent repellency of ticks and a moderate mosquito Repellent effect while the subsequent hexanes extract was completely ineffective. Fractional freezing enriched the tick Repellent components of the essential oil. Several known tick Repellent components were recognized by the GC–MS comparison of the resulting fractions and b-caryophyllene, a-humulene, germacrene D and b-elemene warrant evaluations for tick repellency. Identifying pondberry as a potential renewable source for a broad spectrum Repellent supports efforts to conserve similar U.S. endangered or threatened plant species.
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twelve hour duration testing of cream formulations of three Repellents against amblyomma americanum
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2008Co-Authors: J F Carroll, J. M. Pound, J P Benante, Jerome A Klun, C E White, Mustapha Debboun, W DheranetraAbstract:The Repellent efficacies of the U.S. military Repellent 33% N,N-diethy l-3-methylbenzamide (deet), 10% and 20% (1S, 2 ' S) 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene - 1-carboxamide (SS220) and 10% and 20% 1-methyl-propyl-2-(hydroxyethyl)-1-piperi- dinecarboxylate (Bayrepel) cream formulations on human volunteers against the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum (L.) were evaluated in a simulated forest floor envi- ronment over a 12-h testing period. At 2-h intervals, volunteers, with Repellent applied in a 5-cm-wide band around each ankle, stood for 5 min in plastic tubs containing leaf litter and 100 host-seeking A. americanum nymphs. Ticks were allowed to remain on a vol- unteer ' s feet and ankles for an additional 5 min after the volunteer exited the tub. All Repellent formulations provided high levels of protection for the entire 12 h. No ticks crossed 5-cm-wide bands of 20% SS220 and Bayrepel during any challenge, and thus 100% protection was afforded throughout the test. These formulations showed a long- lasting efficacy hitherto unknown in tick Repellents intended for use on human skin.
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comparative activity of deet and ai3 37220 Repellents against the ticks ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum acari ixodidae in laboratory bioassays
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2004Co-Authors: J F Carroll, Jerome A Klun, Mustapha Debboun, Matthew Kramer, Victoria B SolbergAbstract:The Repellents N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and racemic 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (AI3-37220) were evaluated using two different laboratory bioassays to determine their relative effectiveness against host-seeking nymphs of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, and the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.). In a petri dish bioassay, ticks were released within a ring of Repellent on a horizontal filter paper disk. In the second bioassay, ticks were allowed to climb a vertical strip of filter paper whose central portion was treated with a Repellent. Deet and AI3-37220 were more effective against I. scapularis than A. americanum nymphs. In the petri dish bioassay, none of the concentrations of deet or AI3-37220 tested confined A. americanum within the treated ring. However, in the vertical bioassay, both species exhibited avoidance of the Repellents, and I. scapularis was repelled by much lower concentrations than A. americanum. I. scapularis were repelled by lower concentrations in the vertical bioassay than in the petri dish bioassay. Deet was slightly more effective against I. scapularis than AI3-37220 in both bioassays, but AI3-37220 was significantly more effective than deet against A. americanum in the vertical bioassay.
Mustapha Debboun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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twelve hour duration testing of cream formulations of three Repellents against amblyomma americanum
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2008Co-Authors: J F Carroll, J. M. Pound, J P Benante, Jerome A Klun, C E White, Mustapha Debboun, W DheranetraAbstract:The Repellent efficacies of the U.S. military Repellent 33% N,N-diethy l-3-methylbenzamide (deet), 10% and 20% (1S, 2 ' S) 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene - 1-carboxamide (SS220) and 10% and 20% 1-methyl-propyl-2-(hydroxyethyl)-1-piperi- dinecarboxylate (Bayrepel) cream formulations on human volunteers against the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum (L.) were evaluated in a simulated forest floor envi- ronment over a 12-h testing period. At 2-h intervals, volunteers, with Repellent applied in a 5-cm-wide band around each ankle, stood for 5 min in plastic tubs containing leaf litter and 100 host-seeking A. americanum nymphs. Ticks were allowed to remain on a vol- unteer ' s feet and ankles for an additional 5 min after the volunteer exited the tub. All Repellent formulations provided high levels of protection for the entire 12 h. No ticks crossed 5-cm-wide bands of 20% SS220 and Bayrepel during any challenge, and thus 100% protection was afforded throughout the test. These formulations showed a long- lasting efficacy hitherto unknown in tick Repellents intended for use on human skin.
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comparative activity of deet and ai3 37220 Repellents against the ticks ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum acari ixodidae in laboratory bioassays
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2004Co-Authors: J F Carroll, Jerome A Klun, Mustapha Debboun, Matthew Kramer, Victoria B SolbergAbstract:The Repellents N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and racemic 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (AI3-37220) were evaluated using two different laboratory bioassays to determine their relative effectiveness against host-seeking nymphs of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, and the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.). In a petri dish bioassay, ticks were released within a ring of Repellent on a horizontal filter paper disk. In the second bioassay, ticks were allowed to climb a vertical strip of filter paper whose central portion was treated with a Repellent. Deet and AI3-37220 were more effective against I. scapularis than A. americanum nymphs. In the petri dish bioassay, none of the concentrations of deet or AI3-37220 tested confined A. americanum within the treated ring. However, in the vertical bioassay, both species exhibited avoidance of the Repellents, and I. scapularis was repelled by much lower concentrations than A. americanum. I. scapularis were repelled by lower concentrations in the vertical bioassay than in the petri dish bioassay. Deet was slightly more effective against I. scapularis than AI3-37220 in both bioassays, but AI3-37220 was significantly more effective than deet against A. americanum in the vertical bioassay.
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synthesis and Repellent efficacy of a new chiral piperidine analog comparison with deet and bayrepel activity in human volunteer laboratory assays against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2003Co-Authors: Jerome A Klun, Matthew Kramer, Ashot Khrimian, Armenak Margaryan, Mustapha DebbounAbstract:Optically active (1S, 2'S)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxamide (SS220) is a new synthetic arthropod Repellent. A three-step synthesis based on a chiral Diels-Alder reaction and diastereomeric resolution of 2-methylpiperidine was developed to prepare the compound. Quantitative laboratory assays using human volunteers compared the effectiveness of SS220 with the commonly used Repellents Deet and Bayrepel against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Anopheles stephensi Liston mosquitoes. In two experiments using Aedes aegypti, one using a single identical dose and one with varying doses used to develop a dose-response curve, SS220 was as effective as Deet and both compounds were more effective than Bayrepel. The three compounds were equally effective against An. stephensi. Based on the ease of its synthetic preparation and its Repellent efficacy, we surmise that SS220 is a candidate to serve as a new and effective alternate Repellent for protection against arthropod disease vectors.
Ulrich R Bernier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mosquito Repellents based on a natural chromene analogue with longer duration of action than n n diethyl meta toluamide deet
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Kumudini M Meepagala, Ulrich R Bernier, Charles Burandt, Stephen O DukeAbstract:Mosquito Repellents play a major role in reducing bites and therefore mitigating transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. There is concern by some about the reported neurotoxic effects of the popular Repellent DEET. Also, a product with longer effective activity after application is needed. This paper describes the synthesis and Repellent activity of (2,2 dimethyl-2H-chromen-5-yl)methanol, a derivative of chromene amide that is a compound from the plant Amyris texana. This compound is more potent and provides longer duration of protection than DEET against Aedes aegypti (L.), the primary vector that transmits pathogens causing yellow and dengue fevers in humans.
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composition of cyclotrichium niveum essential oil enantiomeric separation of pulegone and Repellent activity against the lone star tick and yellow fever mosquito
Planta Medica, 2013Co-Authors: Nurhayat Tabanca, Ulrich R Bernier, J F Carroll, Matthew Kramer, T Ozek, Gulmira Ozek, Zeki Aytac, Khc Baser, Ikhlas A KhanAbstract:Ticks and mosquitoes transmit pathogens that can cause serious and sometimes fatal diseases to humans and other animals. Chemical Repellents are an important personal protection tool to protect humans and livestock from arthropod bites. Our research programs focuses on the discovery of naturally occurring insecticides and Repellents that can be used to further reduce disease transmission risk to animals. The most widely used topical Repellent is a synthetic compound, DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide). However, concerns over the safety of DEET lead to some user acceptability issues among Repellent users. Consequently, there has been an increase in focus on alternative Repellents from the natural sources. As part of our efforts to identify natural Repellents, we investigated the essential oil of Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden. (Labiatae) as a Repellent against the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum nymphs, and against adult yellow fever mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti. Cyclotrichium niveum essential oil showed good Repellent activity against both species and pulegone was more effective against A. americanum and Ae. aegypti. The enantiomeric distribution of (R)-(+)-pulegone was determined by using Rt-βDEXse fused silica chiral capillary column using multidimensional GC-MS system.Acknowledgements: This study was supported by USDA, ARS grant No. 56 – 6402 – 1-612 and Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program and the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB).
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natural product studies of u s endangered plants volatile components of lindera melissifolia lauraceae repel mosquitoes and ticks
Phytochemistry, 2012Co-Authors: John J Bowling, Ulrich R Bernier, J F Carroll, Betul Demirci, Husnu Can K Baser, Theodor D Leininger, Mark T HamannAbstract:The number of endangered plant species in the U.S. is significant, yet studies aimed towards utilizing these plants are limited. Ticks and mosquitoes are vectors of significant pathogenic diseases of humans. Repellents are critical means of personal protection against biting arthropods and disease transmission. The essential oil and solvent extracts from Lindera melissifolia (Walt.) Blume (Lauraceae) (pondberry) drupes were gathered and analyzed by GC and GC–MS. The essential oil obtained from this endangered plant showed a significant dose dependent repellency of ticks and a moderate mosquito Repellent effect while the subsequent hexanes extract was completely ineffective. Fractional freezing enriched the tick Repellent components of the essential oil. Several known tick Repellent components were recognized by the GC–MS comparison of the resulting fractions and b-caryophyllene, a-humulene, germacrene D and b-elemene warrant evaluations for tick repellency. Identifying pondberry as a potential renewable source for a broad spectrum Repellent supports efforts to conserve similar U.S. endangered or threatened plant species.
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synthesis and bioassay of improved mosquito Repellents predicted from chemical structure
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008Co-Authors: Alan R Katritzky, Ulrich R Bernier, Zuoquan Wang, Svetoslav Slavov, Maia Tsikolia, Dimitar A Dobchev, Novruz G Akhmedov, Dennis C Hall, Gary G Clark, Kenneth J LinthicumAbstract:Mosquito repellency data on acylpiperidines derived from the U.S. Department of Agriculture archives were modeled by using molecular descriptors calculated by CODESSA PRO software. An artificial neural network model was developed for the correlation of these archival results and used to predict the Repellent activity of novel compounds of similar structures. A series of 34 promising N-acylpiperidine mosquito Repellent candidates (4a–4q′) were synthesized by reactions of acylbenzotriazoles 2a–2p with piperidines 3a–3f. Compounds (4a–4q′) were screened as topically applied mosquito Repellents by measuring the duration of repellency after application to cloth patches worn on the arms of human volunteers. Some compounds that were evaluated repelled mosquitoes as much as three times longer than N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), the most widely used Repellent throughout the world. The newly measured durations of repellency were used to obtain a superior correlation equation relating mosquito repellency to molecular structure.
Jerome A Klun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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twelve hour duration testing of cream formulations of three Repellents against amblyomma americanum
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2008Co-Authors: J F Carroll, J. M. Pound, J P Benante, Jerome A Klun, C E White, Mustapha Debboun, W DheranetraAbstract:The Repellent efficacies of the U.S. military Repellent 33% N,N-diethy l-3-methylbenzamide (deet), 10% and 20% (1S, 2 ' S) 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene - 1-carboxamide (SS220) and 10% and 20% 1-methyl-propyl-2-(hydroxyethyl)-1-piperi- dinecarboxylate (Bayrepel) cream formulations on human volunteers against the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum (L.) were evaluated in a simulated forest floor envi- ronment over a 12-h testing period. At 2-h intervals, volunteers, with Repellent applied in a 5-cm-wide band around each ankle, stood for 5 min in plastic tubs containing leaf litter and 100 host-seeking A. americanum nymphs. Ticks were allowed to remain on a vol- unteer ' s feet and ankles for an additional 5 min after the volunteer exited the tub. All Repellent formulations provided high levels of protection for the entire 12 h. No ticks crossed 5-cm-wide bands of 20% SS220 and Bayrepel during any challenge, and thus 100% protection was afforded throughout the test. These formulations showed a long- lasting efficacy hitherto unknown in tick Repellents intended for use on human skin.
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comparative activity of deet and ai3 37220 Repellents against the ticks ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum acari ixodidae in laboratory bioassays
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2004Co-Authors: J F Carroll, Jerome A Klun, Mustapha Debboun, Matthew Kramer, Victoria B SolbergAbstract:The Repellents N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and racemic 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (AI3-37220) were evaluated using two different laboratory bioassays to determine their relative effectiveness against host-seeking nymphs of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, and the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.). In a petri dish bioassay, ticks were released within a ring of Repellent on a horizontal filter paper disk. In the second bioassay, ticks were allowed to climb a vertical strip of filter paper whose central portion was treated with a Repellent. Deet and AI3-37220 were more effective against I. scapularis than A. americanum nymphs. In the petri dish bioassay, none of the concentrations of deet or AI3-37220 tested confined A. americanum within the treated ring. However, in the vertical bioassay, both species exhibited avoidance of the Repellents, and I. scapularis was repelled by much lower concentrations than A. americanum. I. scapularis were repelled by lower concentrations in the vertical bioassay than in the petri dish bioassay. Deet was slightly more effective against I. scapularis than AI3-37220 in both bioassays, but AI3-37220 was significantly more effective than deet against A. americanum in the vertical bioassay.
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synthesis and Repellent efficacy of a new chiral piperidine analog comparison with deet and bayrepel activity in human volunteer laboratory assays against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2003Co-Authors: Jerome A Klun, Matthew Kramer, Ashot Khrimian, Armenak Margaryan, Mustapha DebbounAbstract:Optically active (1S, 2'S)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxamide (SS220) is a new synthetic arthropod Repellent. A three-step synthesis based on a chiral Diels-Alder reaction and diastereomeric resolution of 2-methylpiperidine was developed to prepare the compound. Quantitative laboratory assays using human volunteers compared the effectiveness of SS220 with the commonly used Repellents Deet and Bayrepel against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Anopheles stephensi Liston mosquitoes. In two experiments using Aedes aegypti, one using a single identical dose and one with varying doses used to develop a dose-response curve, SS220 was as effective as Deet and both compounds were more effective than Bayrepel. The three compounds were equally effective against An. stephensi. Based on the ease of its synthetic preparation and its Repellent efficacy, we surmise that SS220 is a candidate to serve as a new and effective alternate Repellent for protection against arthropod disease vectors.
Sarah J Moore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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do topical Repellents divert mosquitoes within a community health equity implications of topical Repellents as a mosquito bite prevention tool
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Marta F. Maia, Max Thele, Emmanuel T. Simfukwe, Sangoro Peter Onyango, Elizabeth L Turner, Sarah J MooreAbstract:Objectives: Repellents do not kill mosquitoes - they simply reduce human-vector contact. Thus it is possible that individuals who do not use Repellents but dwell close to Repellent users experience more bites than otherwise. The objective of this study was to measure if diversion occurs from households that use Repellents to those that do not use Repellents. Methods: The study was performed in three Tanzanian villages using 15%-DEET and placebo lotions. All households were given LLINs. Three coverage scenarios were investigated: complete coverage (all households were given 15%-DEET), incomplete coverage (80% of households were given 15%-DEET and 20% placebo) and no coverage (all households were given placebo). A crossover study design was used and coverage scenarios were rotated weekly over a period of ten weeks. The placebo lotion was randomly allocated to households in the incomplete coverage scenario. The level of compliance was reported to be close to 100%. Mosquito densities were measured through aspiration of resting mosquitoes. Data were analysed using negative binomial regression models. Findings: Repellent-users had consistently fewer mosquitoes in their dwellings. In villages where everybody had been given 15%-DEET, resting mosquito densities were fewer than half that of households in the no coverage scenario (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR]=0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25-0.60); p<0.001). Placebo-users living in a village where 80% of the households used 15%-DEET were likely to have over four-times more mosquitoes (IRR=4.17; 95% CI: 3.08-5.65; p<0.001) resting in their dwellings in comparison to households in a village where nobody uses Repellent. Conclusions: There is evidence that high coverage of Repellent use could significantly reduce man-vector contact but with incomplete coverage evidence suggests that mosquitoes are diverted from households that use Repellent to those that do not. Therefore, if Repellents are to be considered for vector control, strategies to maximise coverage are required.
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Plant-based insect Repellents: a review of their efficacy, development and testing
Malaria Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Marta Ferreira Maia, Sarah J MooreAbstract:Plant-based Repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measure against host-seeking mosquitoes. Knowledge on traditional Repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. Recently, commercial Repellent products containing plant-based ingredients have gained increasing popularity among consumers, as these are commonly perceived as “safe” in comparison to long-established synthetic Repellents although this is sometimes a misconception. To date insufficient studies have followed standard WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme guidelines for Repellent testing. There is a need for further standardized studies in order to better evaluate Repellent compounds and develop new products that offer high repellency as well as good consumer safety. This paper presents a summary of recent information on testing, efficacy and safety of plant-based Repellents as well as promising new developments in the field.
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field evaluation of three plant based insect Repellents against malaria vectors in vaca diez province the bolivian amazon
Journal of The American Mosquito Control Association, 2002Co-Authors: Sarah J Moore, Annick Lenglet, Nigel HillAbstract:The efficacy of Repellents against Anopheles darlingi, the main malaria vector in Bolivia, was evaluated. This mosquito has a peak in biting activity early in the evening. Three natural Repellents (1 eucalyptus based, 1 neem based, and 1 containing several Repellent essential oils) were tested in comparison with 15% deet in human landing catches in Bolivia. The eucalyptus-based Repellent containing 30% p-menthane-diol applied at a dose similar to those used in practice gave 96.89% protection for 4 h. Deet gave 84.81% protection. The other 2 products did not provide significant protection from mosquito bites.
