The Experts below are selected from a list of 7623 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

M. Saito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comparison of standard link Color visibility between young adults and elderly adults
    IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems, 2007
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    The rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web raises the issue of the Web accessibility, and one of the important things is the combination of a Foreground Color and a background Color. In our previous study, the visibility of web-safe Colors on the white background was examined, and the blue used for unvisited standard link Color was found high visibility in wide range of ages. Since the usage of the blue and an underline are recommended as a link, in this study, we examined high-visibility background Colors to the unvisited standard link Color, i.e. blue. One hundred and twenty three background Colors to the blue were examined using pair comparison method, and the relationship between the visibility and the Color difference was discussed on the uniform Color space, CIELAB (L*a*b* Color space). As the result, effective background Colors to the standard link Color were determined on the CIE LAB, that is, L* larger than 68, a* smaller than 50, and b* larger than -50 provided high visibility in wide range of ages.

  • A study on visibility estimation of web‐safe Colors using paired comparison and discriminant analysis
    Electrical Engineering in Japan, 2006
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    This paper describes the visibility ordering of several web-safe Colors, particularly in relation to age. The rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web has increased the importance of web page visibility research. The combination of Foreground and background Colors is an important factor in providing sufficient visibility, and the rating of Color combination visibility should be considered when developing accessible websites. In this study, the visibility of several web-safe Color combinations was examined using psychological methodology, that is, paired comparison. Visual stimuli were 18 chromatic and 3 achromatic web-safe Colors. Twenty-eight subjects ranging in age from 21 to 75 were recruited, and all had normal Color sensation. Subjects looked at two different Colored characters simultaneously on a white background and were instructed to identify which they could see more clearly. To examine the relationship between psychological rankings of the Color combinations and visual sensations, each Color combination was first scored with regard to visibility by Thurstone's paired comparison technique. Second, visual sensation was deduced by applying Weber-Fechner's law to the luminance of the Foreground Colors. The results indicated that the luminance of a Foreground Color influenced visibility of web-safe Colors; however, luminance alone was not sufficient to make a visibility rating. Chromaticity and chroma saturation are also necessary in the rating of chromatic web-safe Color visibility. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(2): 32–39, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20400

  • The effect of age on Web-safe Color visibility for a white background.
    2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    This paper investigates the effect of subject's age on web-safe Color visibility on a white background. An evaluation of website accessibility is necessary because of the rapid dissemination of information on the World Wide Web. One important factor to be considered when developing accessible websites is the Foreground Color and the background Color combination. In this study, the visibility of 21 chromatic web-safe Colors on a white background was examined using a psychological methodology, i.e. a paired comparison. The participants in the experiment were 12 young adults, 17 middle-aged adults and 11 elderly adults. The young adults conducted three tests involving 420 paired-comparison trials while the other groups' participants conducted the test in consideration of the physical burden. It was found that the chromaticity of the Foreground Color influenced the assessment of the page's visibility by the young adult group more strongly than that by the other groups. It was also found that the contrast between the Foreground and background Colors affected the assessment of the page's visibility by the middle-aged and elderly groups more strongly than that by the young adult group. This indicated that the ageing effect in the visibility increases the effect of the contrast and decreases the effect of the chromaticity.

  • A Study on Visibility Rating of Several Representative Web-Safe Colors
    IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems, 2005
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    This paper presents the visibility ordering of several web-safe Colors. The research of web site visibility is important because of the rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web. The combination of a Foreground Color and a background Color is an important factor in providing sufficient visibility. Therefore, the rating of Color combination visibility is necessary when developing accessible web sites. In this study, the visibility of several web-safe Color combinations was examined using psychological methodology, i.e., a paired comparison. Eighteen chromatic web-safe Colors were employed for visual stimuli. Nine students ranging from ages 21 to 29 (average 23.7) were recruited, and all were with normal Color sensation. These nine subjects looked at two different Colored characters simultaneously on the white background and were instructed to identify which one enabled them to see more clearly. In examining the relationship between the psychological rankings of the Color combinations and the visual sensations, each Color combination was first scored as to the visibility by Thurstone's paired comparisons technique. Secondly, the visual sensation was deduced by applying Weber-Fechner's law to the luminance of the Foreground Colors. As results, the luminance of a Foreground Color influenced the visibility; however the visibility rating is difficult only using the luminance of web-safe Colors. These indicate that the chromaticity and chroma saturation are necessary in rating of chromatic web-safe Color visibility.

D. Saito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comparison of standard link Color visibility between young adults and elderly adults
    IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems, 2007
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    The rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web raises the issue of the Web accessibility, and one of the important things is the combination of a Foreground Color and a background Color. In our previous study, the visibility of web-safe Colors on the white background was examined, and the blue used for unvisited standard link Color was found high visibility in wide range of ages. Since the usage of the blue and an underline are recommended as a link, in this study, we examined high-visibility background Colors to the unvisited standard link Color, i.e. blue. One hundred and twenty three background Colors to the blue were examined using pair comparison method, and the relationship between the visibility and the Color difference was discussed on the uniform Color space, CIELAB (L*a*b* Color space). As the result, effective background Colors to the standard link Color were determined on the CIE LAB, that is, L* larger than 68, a* smaller than 50, and b* larger than -50 provided high visibility in wide range of ages.

  • A study on visibility estimation of web‐safe Colors using paired comparison and discriminant analysis
    Electrical Engineering in Japan, 2006
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    This paper describes the visibility ordering of several web-safe Colors, particularly in relation to age. The rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web has increased the importance of web page visibility research. The combination of Foreground and background Colors is an important factor in providing sufficient visibility, and the rating of Color combination visibility should be considered when developing accessible websites. In this study, the visibility of several web-safe Color combinations was examined using psychological methodology, that is, paired comparison. Visual stimuli were 18 chromatic and 3 achromatic web-safe Colors. Twenty-eight subjects ranging in age from 21 to 75 were recruited, and all had normal Color sensation. Subjects looked at two different Colored characters simultaneously on a white background and were instructed to identify which they could see more clearly. To examine the relationship between psychological rankings of the Color combinations and visual sensations, each Color combination was first scored with regard to visibility by Thurstone's paired comparison technique. Second, visual sensation was deduced by applying Weber-Fechner's law to the luminance of the Foreground Colors. The results indicated that the luminance of a Foreground Color influenced visibility of web-safe Colors; however, luminance alone was not sufficient to make a visibility rating. Chromaticity and chroma saturation are also necessary in the rating of chromatic web-safe Color visibility. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(2): 32–39, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20400

  • The effect of age on Web-safe Color visibility for a white background.
    2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    This paper investigates the effect of subject's age on web-safe Color visibility on a white background. An evaluation of website accessibility is necessary because of the rapid dissemination of information on the World Wide Web. One important factor to be considered when developing accessible websites is the Foreground Color and the background Color combination. In this study, the visibility of 21 chromatic web-safe Colors on a white background was examined using a psychological methodology, i.e. a paired comparison. The participants in the experiment were 12 young adults, 17 middle-aged adults and 11 elderly adults. The young adults conducted three tests involving 420 paired-comparison trials while the other groups' participants conducted the test in consideration of the physical burden. It was found that the chromaticity of the Foreground Color influenced the assessment of the page's visibility by the young adult group more strongly than that by the other groups. It was also found that the contrast between the Foreground and background Colors affected the assessment of the page's visibility by the middle-aged and elderly groups more strongly than that by the young adult group. This indicated that the ageing effect in the visibility increases the effect of the contrast and decreases the effect of the chromaticity.

  • A Study on Visibility Rating of Several Representative Web-Safe Colors
    IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems, 2005
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    This paper presents the visibility ordering of several web-safe Colors. The research of web site visibility is important because of the rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web. The combination of a Foreground Color and a background Color is an important factor in providing sufficient visibility. Therefore, the rating of Color combination visibility is necessary when developing accessible web sites. In this study, the visibility of several web-safe Color combinations was examined using psychological methodology, i.e., a paired comparison. Eighteen chromatic web-safe Colors were employed for visual stimuli. Nine students ranging from ages 21 to 29 (average 23.7) were recruited, and all were with normal Color sensation. These nine subjects looked at two different Colored characters simultaneously on the white background and were instructed to identify which one enabled them to see more clearly. In examining the relationship between the psychological rankings of the Color combinations and the visual sensations, each Color combination was first scored as to the visibility by Thurstone's paired comparisons technique. Secondly, the visual sensation was deduced by applying Weber-Fechner's law to the luminance of the Foreground Colors. As results, the luminance of a Foreground Color influenced the visibility; however the visibility rating is difficult only using the luminance of web-safe Colors. These indicate that the chromaticity and chroma saturation are necessary in rating of chromatic web-safe Color visibility.

Larry S. Davis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ECCV (2) - 3D surface reconstruction using graph cuts with surface constraints
    Computer Vision – ECCV 2006, 2006
    Co-Authors: Son Tran, Larry S. Davis
    Abstract:

    We describe a graph cut algorithm to recover the 3D object surface using both silhouette and Foreground Color information. The graph cut algorithm is used for optimization on a Color consistency field. Constraints are added to improve its performance. These constraints are a set of predetermined locations that the true surface of the object is likely to pass through. They are used to preserve protrusions and to pursue concavities respectively in the first and the second phase of the algorithm. We also introduce a method for dealing with silhouette uncertainties arising from background subtraction on real data. We test the approach on synthetic data with different numbers of views (8, 16, 32, 64) and on a real image set containing 30 views of a toy squirrel.

  • 3D Surface Reconstruction Using Graph Cuts with Surface Constraints
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006
    Co-Authors: Son Tran, Larry S. Davis
    Abstract:

    We describe a graph cut algorithm to recover the 3D object surface using both silhouette and Foreground Color information. The graph cut algorithm is used for optimization on a Color consistency field. Constraints are added to improve its performance. These constraints are a set of predetermined locations that the true surface of the object is likely to pass through. They are used to preserve protrusions and to pursue concavities respectively in the first and the second phase of the algorithm. We also introduce a method for dealing with silhouette uncertainties arising from background subtraction on real data. We test the approach on synthetic data with different numbers of views (8, 16, 32, 64) and on a real image set containing 30 views of a toy squirrel.

  • ECCV (1) - M2Tracker: A Multi-view Approach to Segmenting and Tracking People in a Cluttered Scene Using Region-Based Stereo
    Computer Vision — ECCV 2002, 2002
    Co-Authors: Anurag Mittal, Larry S. Davis
    Abstract:

    We present a system that is capable of segmenting, detecting and tracking multiple people in a cluttered scene using multiple synchronized cameras located far from each other. The system improves upon existing systems in many ways including: (1)We do not assume that a Foreground connected component belongs to only one object; rather, we segment the views taking into account Color models for the objects and the background. This helps us to not only separate Foreground regions belonging to different objects, but to also obtain better background regions than traditional background subtraction methods (as it uses Foreground Color models in the algorithm). (2) It is fully automatic and does not require any manual input or initializations of any kind. (3) Instead of taking decisions about object detection and tracking from a single view or camera pair, we collect evidences from each pair and combine the evidence to obtain a decision in the end. This helps us to obtain much better detection and tracking as opposed to traditional systems.Several innovations help us tackle the problem. The first is the introduction of a region-based stereo algorithm that is capable of finding 3D points inside an object if we know the regions belonging to the object in two views. No exact point matching is required. This is especially useful in wide baseline camera systems where exact point matching is very difficult due to self-occlusion and a substantial change in viewpoint. The second contribution is the development of a scheme for setting priors for use in segmentation of a view using bayesian classification. The scheme, which assumes knowledge of approximate shape and location of objects, dynamically assigns priors for different objects at each pixel so that occlusion information is encoded in the priors. The third contribution is a scheme for combining evidences gathered from different camera pairs using occlusion analysis so as to obtain a globally optimum detection and tracking of objects.The system has been tested using different density of people in the scene which helps us to determine the number of cameras required for a particular density of people.

K. Saito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comparison of standard link Color visibility between young adults and elderly adults
    IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems, 2007
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    The rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web raises the issue of the Web accessibility, and one of the important things is the combination of a Foreground Color and a background Color. In our previous study, the visibility of web-safe Colors on the white background was examined, and the blue used for unvisited standard link Color was found high visibility in wide range of ages. Since the usage of the blue and an underline are recommended as a link, in this study, we examined high-visibility background Colors to the unvisited standard link Color, i.e. blue. One hundred and twenty three background Colors to the blue were examined using pair comparison method, and the relationship between the visibility and the Color difference was discussed on the uniform Color space, CIELAB (L*a*b* Color space). As the result, effective background Colors to the standard link Color were determined on the CIE LAB, that is, L* larger than 68, a* smaller than 50, and b* larger than -50 provided high visibility in wide range of ages.

  • A study on visibility estimation of web‐safe Colors using paired comparison and discriminant analysis
    Electrical Engineering in Japan, 2006
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    This paper describes the visibility ordering of several web-safe Colors, particularly in relation to age. The rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web has increased the importance of web page visibility research. The combination of Foreground and background Colors is an important factor in providing sufficient visibility, and the rating of Color combination visibility should be considered when developing accessible websites. In this study, the visibility of several web-safe Color combinations was examined using psychological methodology, that is, paired comparison. Visual stimuli were 18 chromatic and 3 achromatic web-safe Colors. Twenty-eight subjects ranging in age from 21 to 75 were recruited, and all had normal Color sensation. Subjects looked at two different Colored characters simultaneously on a white background and were instructed to identify which they could see more clearly. To examine the relationship between psychological rankings of the Color combinations and visual sensations, each Color combination was first scored with regard to visibility by Thurstone's paired comparison technique. Second, visual sensation was deduced by applying Weber-Fechner's law to the luminance of the Foreground Colors. The results indicated that the luminance of a Foreground Color influenced visibility of web-safe Colors; however, luminance alone was not sufficient to make a visibility rating. Chromaticity and chroma saturation are also necessary in the rating of chromatic web-safe Color visibility. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(2): 32–39, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20400

  • The effect of age on Web-safe Color visibility for a white background.
    2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    This paper investigates the effect of subject's age on web-safe Color visibility on a white background. An evaluation of website accessibility is necessary because of the rapid dissemination of information on the World Wide Web. One important factor to be considered when developing accessible websites is the Foreground Color and the background Color combination. In this study, the visibility of 21 chromatic web-safe Colors on a white background was examined using a psychological methodology, i.e. a paired comparison. The participants in the experiment were 12 young adults, 17 middle-aged adults and 11 elderly adults. The young adults conducted three tests involving 420 paired-comparison trials while the other groups' participants conducted the test in consideration of the physical burden. It was found that the chromaticity of the Foreground Color influenced the assessment of the page's visibility by the young adult group more strongly than that by the other groups. It was also found that the contrast between the Foreground and background Colors affected the assessment of the page's visibility by the middle-aged and elderly groups more strongly than that by the young adult group. This indicated that the ageing effect in the visibility increases the effect of the contrast and decreases the effect of the chromaticity.

  • A Study on Visibility Rating of Several Representative Web-Safe Colors
    IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems, 2005
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    This paper presents the visibility ordering of several web-safe Colors. The research of web site visibility is important because of the rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web. The combination of a Foreground Color and a background Color is an important factor in providing sufficient visibility. Therefore, the rating of Color combination visibility is necessary when developing accessible web sites. In this study, the visibility of several web-safe Color combinations was examined using psychological methodology, i.e., a paired comparison. Eighteen chromatic web-safe Colors were employed for visual stimuli. Nine students ranging from ages 21 to 29 (average 23.7) were recruited, and all were with normal Color sensation. These nine subjects looked at two different Colored characters simultaneously on the white background and were instructed to identify which one enabled them to see more clearly. In examining the relationship between the psychological rankings of the Color combinations and the visual sensations, each Color combination was first scored as to the visibility by Thurstone's paired comparisons technique. Secondly, the visual sensation was deduced by applying Weber-Fechner's law to the luminance of the Foreground Colors. As results, the luminance of a Foreground Color influenced the visibility; however the visibility rating is difficult only using the luminance of web-safe Colors. These indicate that the chromaticity and chroma saturation are necessary in rating of chromatic web-safe Color visibility.

Kazuhiro Notomi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comparison of standard link Color visibility between young adults and elderly adults
    IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems, 2007
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    The rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web raises the issue of the Web accessibility, and one of the important things is the combination of a Foreground Color and a background Color. In our previous study, the visibility of web-safe Colors on the white background was examined, and the blue used for unvisited standard link Color was found high visibility in wide range of ages. Since the usage of the blue and an underline are recommended as a link, in this study, we examined high-visibility background Colors to the unvisited standard link Color, i.e. blue. One hundred and twenty three background Colors to the blue were examined using pair comparison method, and the relationship between the visibility and the Color difference was discussed on the uniform Color space, CIELAB (L*a*b* Color space). As the result, effective background Colors to the standard link Color were determined on the CIE LAB, that is, L* larger than 68, a* smaller than 50, and b* larger than -50 provided high visibility in wide range of ages.

  • A study on visibility estimation of web‐safe Colors using paired comparison and discriminant analysis
    Electrical Engineering in Japan, 2006
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    This paper describes the visibility ordering of several web-safe Colors, particularly in relation to age. The rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web has increased the importance of web page visibility research. The combination of Foreground and background Colors is an important factor in providing sufficient visibility, and the rating of Color combination visibility should be considered when developing accessible websites. In this study, the visibility of several web-safe Color combinations was examined using psychological methodology, that is, paired comparison. Visual stimuli were 18 chromatic and 3 achromatic web-safe Colors. Twenty-eight subjects ranging in age from 21 to 75 were recruited, and all had normal Color sensation. Subjects looked at two different Colored characters simultaneously on a white background and were instructed to identify which they could see more clearly. To examine the relationship between psychological rankings of the Color combinations and visual sensations, each Color combination was first scored with regard to visibility by Thurstone's paired comparison technique. Second, visual sensation was deduced by applying Weber-Fechner's law to the luminance of the Foreground Colors. The results indicated that the luminance of a Foreground Color influenced visibility of web-safe Colors; however, luminance alone was not sufficient to make a visibility rating. Chromaticity and chroma saturation are also necessary in the rating of chromatic web-safe Color visibility. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(2): 32–39, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20400

  • The effect of age on Web-safe Color visibility for a white background.
    2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    This paper investigates the effect of subject's age on web-safe Color visibility on a white background. An evaluation of website accessibility is necessary because of the rapid dissemination of information on the World Wide Web. One important factor to be considered when developing accessible websites is the Foreground Color and the background Color combination. In this study, the visibility of 21 chromatic web-safe Colors on a white background was examined using a psychological methodology, i.e. a paired comparison. The participants in the experiment were 12 young adults, 17 middle-aged adults and 11 elderly adults. The young adults conducted three tests involving 420 paired-comparison trials while the other groups' participants conducted the test in consideration of the physical burden. It was found that the chromaticity of the Foreground Color influenced the assessment of the page's visibility by the young adult group more strongly than that by the other groups. It was also found that the contrast between the Foreground and background Colors affected the assessment of the page's visibility by the middle-aged and elderly groups more strongly than that by the young adult group. This indicated that the ageing effect in the visibility increases the effect of the contrast and decreases the effect of the chromaticity.

  • A Study on Visibility Rating of Several Representative Web-Safe Colors
    IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems, 2005
    Co-Authors: D. Saito, K. Saito, Kazuhiro Notomi, M. Saito
    Abstract:

    This paper presents the visibility ordering of several web-safe Colors. The research of web site visibility is important because of the rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web. The combination of a Foreground Color and a background Color is an important factor in providing sufficient visibility. Therefore, the rating of Color combination visibility is necessary when developing accessible web sites. In this study, the visibility of several web-safe Color combinations was examined using psychological methodology, i.e., a paired comparison. Eighteen chromatic web-safe Colors were employed for visual stimuli. Nine students ranging from ages 21 to 29 (average 23.7) were recruited, and all were with normal Color sensation. These nine subjects looked at two different Colored characters simultaneously on the white background and were instructed to identify which one enabled them to see more clearly. In examining the relationship between the psychological rankings of the Color combinations and the visual sensations, each Color combination was first scored as to the visibility by Thurstone's paired comparisons technique. Secondly, the visual sensation was deduced by applying Weber-Fechner's law to the luminance of the Foreground Colors. As results, the luminance of a Foreground Color influenced the visibility; however the visibility rating is difficult only using the luminance of web-safe Colors. These indicate that the chromaticity and chroma saturation are necessary in rating of chromatic web-safe Color visibility.