The Experts below are selected from a list of 28860 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Julio Abascal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Web Accessibility (2nd Ed.) - Tools for Web Accessibility Evaluation
Human–Computer Interaction Series, 2019Co-Authors: Julio Abascal, Myriam Arrue, Xabier ValenciaAbstract:The objective of Web Accessibility evaluation is to verify that all users are able to use the Web, this means that they can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with it (Henry 2018a). Since the manual verification of the fulfilment of guidelines that specify Accessibility requirements can often turn out to be difficult and cumbersome, it is crucial to have appropriate computer tools available to assist this activity. There exist numerous applications that perform diverse types of automatic Accessibility evaluations. On the other hand, on-site and remote evaluations with users can also be supported by specific tools. Even manual evaluations may be supported by crowdsourcing-based tools. All these innovations may have crucial importance in the advancement of Web Accessibility. This chapter studies the need for tools in this field, reviews the main characteristics of the tools used for Web Accessibility evaluation, and reflects upon their future.
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tools for Web Accessibility evaluation
Web Accessibility (2nd Ed.), 2019Co-Authors: Julio Abascal, Myriam Arrue, Xabier ValenciaAbstract:The objective of Web Accessibility evaluation is to verify that all users are able to use the Web, this means that they can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with it (Henry 2018a). Since the manual verification of the fulfilment of guidelines that specify Accessibility requirements can often turn out to be difficult and cumbersome, it is crucial to have appropriate computer tools available to assist this activity. There exist numerous applications that perform diverse types of automatic Accessibility evaluations. On the other hand, on-site and remote evaluations with users can also be supported by specific tools. Even manual evaluations may be supported by crowdsourcing-based tools. All these innovations may have crucial importance in the advancement of Web Accessibility. This chapter studies the need for tools in this field, reviews the main characteristics of the tools used for Web Accessibility evaluation, and reflects upon their future.
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Enriching information retrieval results with Web Accessibility measurement
Journal of Web Engineering, 2009Co-Authors: Markel Vigo, Myriam Arrue, Julio AbascalAbstract:Search engines are the most common gateway to search information in the WWW. Since Information Retrieval (IR) systems do not take Web Accessibility issues into account, displayed results might not tailor to certain users' needs such as people with disabilities or mobile devices' users. In order to overcome this situation, we present a model aiming at considering Web Accessibility as well as content relevance. The model consists of three components (Content Analysis Module, Accessibility Analysis Module and Results Collector Module) that carry out the following tasks: content analysis, automatic Web Accessibility evaluation and Accessibility measurement of results for re-ranking. Since criteria for ranking results provided by IR systems are necessary, quantitative metrics for Accessibility have also been defined. Two prototypes that follow the specifications of the model have been developed in order to demonstrate the feasibility of this proposal. Finally, some case studies have been conducted aiming at discovering how traditional search engines deal with Web Accessibility.
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Web Accessibility awareness in search engine results
Universal Access in the Information Society, 2008Co-Authors: Myriam Arrue, Markel Vigo, Julio AbascalAbstract:The enormous amount of information available on the Internet requires the use of search engines in order to find specific information. As far as Web Accessibility is concerned, search engines contain two kinds of barriers: on the one hand, the interfaces for making queries and accessing results are not always accessible; on the other hand, Web Accessibility is not taken into account in information retrieval (IR) processes. Consequently, in addition to interface problems, accessing the items in the list of results tends to be an unsatisfactory experience for people with disabilities. Some groups of users cannot take advantage of the services provided by search engines, as the results are not useful due to their Accessibility restrictions. The goal of this paper is to propose the integration of Web Accessibility measurement into information retrieval processes. Firstly, quantitative Accessibility metrics are defined in order to accurately measure the Accessibility level of Web pages. Secondly, a model to integrate these metrics within IR processes is proposed. Finally, a prototype search engine which re-ranks results according to their Accessibility level based on the proposed model is described.
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Architecture for personal Web Accessibility
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006Co-Authors: Myriam Arrue, Markel Vigo, Julio AbascalAbstract:Universal Web Accessibility is an inalienable objective to guarantee the civil right of all users to access to the Information Society and to avoid the digital gap. This is a long process based on the promulgation of inclusive laws, specification of Accessibility guidelines, and development of adequate design methodologies and tools. To the short term, Websites that do not fulfil the Universal Accessibility specifications can be used by specific groups of users that are not affected by the barriers present in these Websites. Personal Web Accessibility concept focuses on the need of providing people with the adequate methods and tools to design Websites so that adaptation and customization could be performed. This paper describes an architecture aiming to help any user to find, select and use Websites that are currently accessible to her or him. In addition, it will aid Web developers to create Websites according to specific users' needs.
Myriam Arrue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Web Accessibility (2nd Ed.) - Tools for Web Accessibility Evaluation
Human–Computer Interaction Series, 2019Co-Authors: Julio Abascal, Myriam Arrue, Xabier ValenciaAbstract:The objective of Web Accessibility evaluation is to verify that all users are able to use the Web, this means that they can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with it (Henry 2018a). Since the manual verification of the fulfilment of guidelines that specify Accessibility requirements can often turn out to be difficult and cumbersome, it is crucial to have appropriate computer tools available to assist this activity. There exist numerous applications that perform diverse types of automatic Accessibility evaluations. On the other hand, on-site and remote evaluations with users can also be supported by specific tools. Even manual evaluations may be supported by crowdsourcing-based tools. All these innovations may have crucial importance in the advancement of Web Accessibility. This chapter studies the need for tools in this field, reviews the main characteristics of the tools used for Web Accessibility evaluation, and reflects upon their future.
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tools for Web Accessibility evaluation
Web Accessibility (2nd Ed.), 2019Co-Authors: Julio Abascal, Myriam Arrue, Xabier ValenciaAbstract:The objective of Web Accessibility evaluation is to verify that all users are able to use the Web, this means that they can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with it (Henry 2018a). Since the manual verification of the fulfilment of guidelines that specify Accessibility requirements can often turn out to be difficult and cumbersome, it is crucial to have appropriate computer tools available to assist this activity. There exist numerous applications that perform diverse types of automatic Accessibility evaluations. On the other hand, on-site and remote evaluations with users can also be supported by specific tools. Even manual evaluations may be supported by crowdsourcing-based tools. All these innovations may have crucial importance in the advancement of Web Accessibility. This chapter studies the need for tools in this field, reviews the main characteristics of the tools used for Web Accessibility evaluation, and reflects upon their future.
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ASSETS - Uncovering the role of expectations on perceived Web Accessibility
Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 2013Co-Authors: Amaia Aizpurua, Myriam Arrue, Markel VigoAbstract:Compliance to Accessibility standards does not guarantee a satisfying user experience on the Web. Both unmet content and functionality expectations have been identified as central factors on the lack of coverage shown by guidelines. We expand on this by examining the role played by subjective dimensions, and particularly expectations, on the perception that users have on Web Accessibility. We conducted a study with 11 blind users to explore how these expectations shape the perception of Web Accessibility. Our preliminary findings corroborate that expectations can affect the perception of Web Accessibility. Additionally, we find that expectations on the Web are built up on previous experiences and prejudices. What is more, we reveal that these expectations are not only shaped by previous Web usage, but also by real life experiences. Our outcomes suggest that user expectations should be considered in user tests.
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Enriching information retrieval results with Web Accessibility measurement
Journal of Web Engineering, 2009Co-Authors: Markel Vigo, Myriam Arrue, Julio AbascalAbstract:Search engines are the most common gateway to search information in the WWW. Since Information Retrieval (IR) systems do not take Web Accessibility issues into account, displayed results might not tailor to certain users' needs such as people with disabilities or mobile devices' users. In order to overcome this situation, we present a model aiming at considering Web Accessibility as well as content relevance. The model consists of three components (Content Analysis Module, Accessibility Analysis Module and Results Collector Module) that carry out the following tasks: content analysis, automatic Web Accessibility evaluation and Accessibility measurement of results for re-ranking. Since criteria for ranking results provided by IR systems are necessary, quantitative metrics for Accessibility have also been defined. Two prototypes that follow the specifications of the model have been developed in order to demonstrate the feasibility of this proposal. Finally, some case studies have been conducted aiming at discovering how traditional search engines deal with Web Accessibility.
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Web Accessibility awareness in search engine results
Universal Access in the Information Society, 2008Co-Authors: Myriam Arrue, Markel Vigo, Julio AbascalAbstract:The enormous amount of information available on the Internet requires the use of search engines in order to find specific information. As far as Web Accessibility is concerned, search engines contain two kinds of barriers: on the one hand, the interfaces for making queries and accessing results are not always accessible; on the other hand, Web Accessibility is not taken into account in information retrieval (IR) processes. Consequently, in addition to interface problems, accessing the items in the list of results tends to be an unsatisfactory experience for people with disabilities. Some groups of users cannot take advantage of the services provided by search engines, as the results are not useful due to their Accessibility restrictions. The goal of this paper is to propose the integration of Web Accessibility measurement into information retrieval processes. Firstly, quantitative Accessibility metrics are defined in order to accurately measure the Accessibility level of Web pages. Secondly, a model to integrate these metrics within IR processes is proposed. Finally, a prototype search engine which re-ranks results according to their Accessibility level based on the proposed model is described.
Yeliz Yesilada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Web Accessibility in Turkey: awareness, understanding and practices of user experience professionals
Universal Access in the Information Society, 2017Co-Authors: Yavuz Inal, Kerem Rızvanoğlu, Yeliz YesiladaAbstract:Ensuring Web Accessibility for all is not an easy task and requires the awareness, understanding and practices of people with different roles. User experience professionals (UXPs) play an important role in ensuring Web Accessibility for all. However, in Turkey, there is no research concerning the status of the awareness, understanding and common practices of UXPs. The overall goal of the present work was to offer an assessment of the current situation in Turkey to suggest areas of improvement and changes to advance Web Accessibility practices. To meet this goal, we conducted an online survey. The results of this survey show that UXPs believe they have enough training and education in Web Accessibility; however, they are not familiar with Web Accessibility standards and assistive technologies used by people with disabilities. They do not work with people with disabilities in their studies on usability, and they do not consider Web Accessibility in their projects. Our findings also show that UXPs have a top-down approach to Web Accessibility and they think that it is the responsibility of project managers to make Web applications accessible. In brief, the study showed that UXPs in Turkey need to be better educated and trained on Web Accessibility, and organizations need to realize that both top-down and bottom-up approaches are required to ensure Accessibility of the Web for all.
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The Expertise Effect on Web Accessibility Evaluation Methods
Human-Computer Interaction, 2011Co-Authors: Giorgio Brajnik, Yeliz Yesilada, Simon HarperAbstract:Web Accessibility means that disabled people can effectively perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with the Web. Web Accessibility evaluation methods are needed to validate the Accessibility of Web pages. However, the role of subjectivity and of expertise in such methods is unknown and has not previously been studied. This article investigates the effect of expertise in Web Accessibility evaluation methods by conducting a Barrier Walkthrough (BW) study with 19 expert and 57 nonexpert judges. The BW method is an evaluation method that can be used to manually assess the Accessibility of Web pages for different user groups such as motor impaired, low vision, blind, and mobile users. Our results show that expertise matters, and even though the effect of expertise varies depending on the metric used to measure quality, the level of expertise is an important factor in the quality of Accessibility evaluation of Web pages. In brief, when pages are evaluated with nonexperts, we observe a drop in validity an...
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Web Accessibility: Current Trends
Handbook of Research on Personal Autonomy Technologies and Disability Informatics, 2011Co-Authors: Simon Harper, Yeliz YesiladaAbstract:Web Accessibility conjures the vision of designers, technologists, and researchers valiantly making the World-Wide-Web (Web) open to disabled users. While this maybe true in part, the reality is a little different. Indeed, Web Accessibility is actually about correcting our past mistakes by making the current Web fulfill the original Web vision of access for all. It just so happens that in the process of trying to re-engineer these corrections, that have for the most part ignored, we may solve a number of `larger-scale' usability issues faced by every Web user. Indeed, by understanding disabled-user's interaction we enhance our understanding of all users operating in constrained modalities where the user is disabled by both environment and technology. It is for this reason that Web Accessibility is a natural preface to wider Web usability and universal Accessibility, it is also why `main-stream' technologist take it so seriously and understand its cross-over benefits.
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Web Accessibility - Web Accessibility and Guidelines
Human-Computer Interaction Series, 2008Co-Authors: Simon Harper, Yeliz YesiladaAbstract:Access to, and movement around, complex online environments, of which the World Wide Web (Web) is the most popular example, has long been considered an important and major issue in the Web design and usability field. The commonly used slang phrase ‘surfing the Web’ implies rapid and free access, pointing to its importance among designers and users alike. It has also been long established that this potentially complex and difficult access is further complicated, and becomes neither rapid nor free, if the user is disabled. There are millions of people who have disabilities that affect their use of the Web. Web Accessibility aims to help these people to perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with, as well as contribute to, the Web, and thereby the society in general. This Accessibility is, in part, facilitated by the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) currently moving from version one to two. These guidelines are intended to encourage designers to make sure their sites conform to specifications, and in that conformance enable the assistive technologies of disabled users to better interact with the page content. In this way, it was hoped that Accessibility could be supported. While this is in part true, guidelines do not solve all problems and the new WCAG version two guidelines are surrounded by controversy and intrigue. This chapter aims to establish the published literature related to Web Accessibility and Web Accessibility guidelines, and discuss limitations of the current guidelines and future directions.
Simon Harper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Exploring the relationship between Web Accessibility and user experience
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2016Co-Authors: Amaia Aizpurua, Simon Harper, Markel VigoAbstract:Understanding the interplay between the user experience (UX) and Web Accessibility is key to design Web sites that, beyond access, could provide a better UX for people with disabilities. In this paper we examine the relationship between UX attributes and Web Accessibility. We measured Accessibility in two ways: the perceived Accessibility as reported by participants and Accessibility in terms of conformance to guidelines. Findings uncover that perceived Web Accessibility is significantly correlated with 27 of the 35 UX attributes analysed, suggesting these two qualities are closely related. The relationship between UX and conformance to WCAG 2.0 is more elusive: we only found significant correlations between the hedonic attributes original, innovative and exciting. HighlightsWe analysed the relationship between perceived Accessibility and user experience.Participants' UX and their Accessibility perception are significantly related.We examined the relationship between Web Accessibility conformance and UX.Original, innovative and exciting attributes are correlated to Accessibility.We discuss the practical importance of the identified correlations.
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The Expertise Effect on Web Accessibility Evaluation Methods
Human-Computer Interaction, 2011Co-Authors: Giorgio Brajnik, Yeliz Yesilada, Simon HarperAbstract:Web Accessibility means that disabled people can effectively perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with the Web. Web Accessibility evaluation methods are needed to validate the Accessibility of Web pages. However, the role of subjectivity and of expertise in such methods is unknown and has not previously been studied. This article investigates the effect of expertise in Web Accessibility evaluation methods by conducting a Barrier Walkthrough (BW) study with 19 expert and 57 nonexpert judges. The BW method is an evaluation method that can be used to manually assess the Accessibility of Web pages for different user groups such as motor impaired, low vision, blind, and mobile users. Our results show that expertise matters, and even though the effect of expertise varies depending on the metric used to measure quality, the level of expertise is an important factor in the quality of Accessibility evaluation of Web pages. In brief, when pages are evaluated with nonexperts, we observe a drop in validity an...
-
Web Accessibility: Current Trends
Handbook of Research on Personal Autonomy Technologies and Disability Informatics, 2011Co-Authors: Simon Harper, Yeliz YesiladaAbstract:Web Accessibility conjures the vision of designers, technologists, and researchers valiantly making the World-Wide-Web (Web) open to disabled users. While this maybe true in part, the reality is a little different. Indeed, Web Accessibility is actually about correcting our past mistakes by making the current Web fulfill the original Web vision of access for all. It just so happens that in the process of trying to re-engineer these corrections, that have for the most part ignored, we may solve a number of `larger-scale' usability issues faced by every Web user. Indeed, by understanding disabled-user's interaction we enhance our understanding of all users operating in constrained modalities where the user is disabled by both environment and technology. It is for this reason that Web Accessibility is a natural preface to wider Web usability and universal Accessibility, it is also why `main-stream' technologist take it so seriously and understand its cross-over benefits.
-
Web Accessibility - Web Accessibility and Guidelines
Human-Computer Interaction Series, 2008Co-Authors: Simon Harper, Yeliz YesiladaAbstract:Access to, and movement around, complex online environments, of which the World Wide Web (Web) is the most popular example, has long been considered an important and major issue in the Web design and usability field. The commonly used slang phrase ‘surfing the Web’ implies rapid and free access, pointing to its importance among designers and users alike. It has also been long established that this potentially complex and difficult access is further complicated, and becomes neither rapid nor free, if the user is disabled. There are millions of people who have disabilities that affect their use of the Web. Web Accessibility aims to help these people to perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with, as well as contribute to, the Web, and thereby the society in general. This Accessibility is, in part, facilitated by the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) currently moving from version one to two. These guidelines are intended to encourage designers to make sure their sites conform to specifications, and in that conformance enable the assistive technologies of disabled users to better interact with the page content. In this way, it was hoped that Accessibility could be supported. While this is in part true, guidelines do not solve all problems and the new WCAG version two guidelines are surrounded by controversy and intrigue. This chapter aims to establish the published literature related to Web Accessibility and Web Accessibility guidelines, and discuss limitations of the current guidelines and future directions.
Markel Vigo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Exploring the relationship between Web Accessibility and user experience
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2016Co-Authors: Amaia Aizpurua, Simon Harper, Markel VigoAbstract:Understanding the interplay between the user experience (UX) and Web Accessibility is key to design Web sites that, beyond access, could provide a better UX for people with disabilities. In this paper we examine the relationship between UX attributes and Web Accessibility. We measured Accessibility in two ways: the perceived Accessibility as reported by participants and Accessibility in terms of conformance to guidelines. Findings uncover that perceived Web Accessibility is significantly correlated with 27 of the 35 UX attributes analysed, suggesting these two qualities are closely related. The relationship between UX and conformance to WCAG 2.0 is more elusive: we only found significant correlations between the hedonic attributes original, innovative and exciting. HighlightsWe analysed the relationship between perceived Accessibility and user experience.Participants' UX and their Accessibility perception are significantly related.We examined the relationship between Web Accessibility conformance and UX.Original, innovative and exciting attributes are correlated to Accessibility.We discuss the practical importance of the identified correlations.
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ASSETS - Uncovering the role of expectations on perceived Web Accessibility
Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 2013Co-Authors: Amaia Aizpurua, Myriam Arrue, Markel VigoAbstract:Compliance to Accessibility standards does not guarantee a satisfying user experience on the Web. Both unmet content and functionality expectations have been identified as central factors on the lack of coverage shown by guidelines. We expand on this by examining the role played by subjective dimensions, and particularly expectations, on the perception that users have on Web Accessibility. We conducted a study with 11 blind users to explore how these expectations shape the perception of Web Accessibility. Our preliminary findings corroborate that expectations can affect the perception of Web Accessibility. Additionally, we find that expectations on the Web are built up on previous experiences and prejudices. What is more, we reveal that these expectations are not only shaped by previous Web usage, but also by real life experiences. Our outcomes suggest that user expectations should be considered in user tests.
-
Enriching information retrieval results with Web Accessibility measurement
Journal of Web Engineering, 2009Co-Authors: Markel Vigo, Myriam Arrue, Julio AbascalAbstract:Search engines are the most common gateway to search information in the WWW. Since Information Retrieval (IR) systems do not take Web Accessibility issues into account, displayed results might not tailor to certain users' needs such as people with disabilities or mobile devices' users. In order to overcome this situation, we present a model aiming at considering Web Accessibility as well as content relevance. The model consists of three components (Content Analysis Module, Accessibility Analysis Module and Results Collector Module) that carry out the following tasks: content analysis, automatic Web Accessibility evaluation and Accessibility measurement of results for re-ranking. Since criteria for ranking results provided by IR systems are necessary, quantitative metrics for Accessibility have also been defined. Two prototypes that follow the specifications of the model have been developed in order to demonstrate the feasibility of this proposal. Finally, some case studies have been conducted aiming at discovering how traditional search engines deal with Web Accessibility.
-
Web Accessibility awareness in search engine results
Universal Access in the Information Society, 2008Co-Authors: Myriam Arrue, Markel Vigo, Julio AbascalAbstract:The enormous amount of information available on the Internet requires the use of search engines in order to find specific information. As far as Web Accessibility is concerned, search engines contain two kinds of barriers: on the one hand, the interfaces for making queries and accessing results are not always accessible; on the other hand, Web Accessibility is not taken into account in information retrieval (IR) processes. Consequently, in addition to interface problems, accessing the items in the list of results tends to be an unsatisfactory experience for people with disabilities. Some groups of users cannot take advantage of the services provided by search engines, as the results are not useful due to their Accessibility restrictions. The goal of this paper is to propose the integration of Web Accessibility measurement into information retrieval processes. Firstly, quantitative Accessibility metrics are defined in order to accurately measure the Accessibility level of Web pages. Secondly, a model to integrate these metrics within IR processes is proposed. Finally, a prototype search engine which re-ranks results according to their Accessibility level based on the proposed model is described.
-
Architecture for personal Web Accessibility
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006Co-Authors: Myriam Arrue, Markel Vigo, Julio AbascalAbstract:Universal Web Accessibility is an inalienable objective to guarantee the civil right of all users to access to the Information Society and to avoid the digital gap. This is a long process based on the promulgation of inclusive laws, specification of Accessibility guidelines, and development of adequate design methodologies and tools. To the short term, Websites that do not fulfil the Universal Accessibility specifications can be used by specific groups of users that are not affected by the barriers present in these Websites. Personal Web Accessibility concept focuses on the need of providing people with the adequate methods and tools to design Websites so that adaptation and customization could be performed. This paper describes an architecture aiming to help any user to find, select and use Websites that are currently accessible to her or him. In addition, it will aid Web developers to create Websites according to specific users' needs.
