The Experts below are selected from a list of 195 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ruifang Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
PSIVT - Evaluation of AFIS-Ranked Latent Fingerprint Matched Templates
Image and Video Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Ram P. Krish, Julian Fierrez, Daniel Ramos, Raymond N.j. Veldhuis, Ruifang WangAbstract:The methodology currently practiced in latent print examination (known as ACE-V) yields only a decision as result, namely individualization, exclusion or inconclusive. From such a decision, it is not possible to express the strength of opinion of a Forensic Examiner quantitatively with a scientific basis to the criminal justice system. In this paper, we propose a framework to generate a score from the matched template generated by the Forensic Examiner. Such a score can be viewed as a measure of confidence of a Forensic Examiner quantitatively, which in turn can be used in statistics-based evidence evaluation framework, for e.g, likelihood ratio. Together with the description and evaluation of new realistic Forensic case driven score computation, we also exploit the developed experimental framework to understand more about matched templates in Forensic fingerprint databases.
-
On the importance of rare features in AFIS-ranked latent fingerprint matched templates
2013 47th International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST), 2013Co-Authors: Ram P. Krish, Julian Fierrez, Daniel Ramos, Ruifang WangAbstract:In this paper, we introduce an algorithm to generate a score from the matched templates derived by the Forensic Examiner at the ACE-V stage. Such a score can be viewed quantitatively as a measure of confidence of the Forensic Examiner for the given latent and impression prints. This quantitative measure can be used in statistics-based evidence evaluation frameworks. Together with the description and evaluation of new realistic Forensic casework driven score computation, we also exploit this experimental framework to show the importance of type attributes for minutiae in terms of its discriminating ability in Forensic scenarios. We derive the conclusion that together with reliably extracted typical minutiae features, the presence of rare minutiae features helps to improve the measure of confidence of the Forensic Examiner at the ACE-V stage.
Brent E. Turvey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Chapter 6 – Contrasting Scientific Integrity with Law Enforcement Culture
Forensic Fraud, 2013Co-Authors: Brent E. TurveyAbstract:This chapter contrasts the established values of law enforcement culture against those required for scientific integrity, and theorizes at the potential impact on the Forensic Examiner. Specifically, there is a discussion of scientific fraud in light of Routine Activities Theory, Differential Association Theory, and Role Strain to contextualize the relevance of focusing on cultural and institutional traits as they influence acts of workplace fraud. Using these criminological constructs, we can juxtapose scientific and law enforcement cultures in an informed manner. This reveals the strain that law enforcement alignment can bring to bear upon the already stressed Forensic Examiner. Based on this comparison of traits and values, and in the light of related criminology theory, it is argued that scientific integrity is essentially incompatible with law enforcement culture.
-
Ethical Issues in Forensic Examination
Ethical Justice, 2013Co-Authors: W. Jerry Chisum, Brent E. TurveyAbstract:The term Forensic Examiner generally refers to any professional who examines and interprets physical evidence with the expectation of courtroom testimony. This chapter explores the primary ethical issues that confront Forensic Examiners in their casework and subsequent testimony. These issues include Examiner bias and observer effects, inducements to commit Forensic fraud, and issues with report writing and testimony.
-
chapter 4 observer effects and Examiner bias psychological influences on the Forensic Examiner
Crime Reconstruction (Second Edition), 2011Co-Authors: Craig M Cooley, Brent E. TurveyAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the importance of observer effects as a subject of study in the practitioner-oriented Forensic science literature for the benefit of all Forensic Examiners. Observer effects refer to a particular form of bias that is present when the results of a Forensic examination are distorted by the context and mental state of the Forensic scientist, to include subconscious expectations and desires. Observer effects are governed by the fundamental principle of cognitive psychology asserting that the subconscious needs and expectations shape both perception and interpretation. In a Forensic science context, this includes what is recognized as evidence, what is collected, what is examined, and how it is interpreted. This chapter begins by covering the predominant observer effects that may influence Forensic Examiners: prescreened evidence, single sample testing, attorney–investigator communication, contradictory findings, and selective reexamination. Mechanisms for dealing with observer effects are then outlined, including awareness, evidence lineups, blind testing, and filtering domain-irrelevant information. The ultimate goal of this chapter is not to convince Forensic Examiners that they are inherently biased and should therefore change careers. Rather, it is to helps them recognize and identify the potential influences of observer effects within their own work.
-
Chapter 4 – Observer Effects and Examiner Bias: Psychological Influences on the Forensic Examiner
Crime Reconstruction, 2011Co-Authors: Craig M Cooley, Brent E. TurveyAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the importance of observer effects as a subject of study in the practitioner-oriented Forensic science literature for the benefit of all Forensic Examiners. Observer effects refer to a particular form of bias that is present when the results of a Forensic examination are distorted by the context and mental state of the Forensic scientist, to include subconscious expectations and desires. Observer effects are governed by the fundamental principle of cognitive psychology asserting that the subconscious needs and expectations shape both perception and interpretation. In a Forensic science context, this includes what is recognized as evidence, what is collected, what is examined, and how it is interpreted. This chapter begins by covering the predominant observer effects that may influence Forensic Examiners: prescreened evidence, single sample testing, attorney–investigator communication, contradictory findings, and selective reexamination. Mechanisms for dealing with observer effects are then outlined, including awareness, evidence lineups, blind testing, and filtering domain-irrelevant information. The ultimate goal of this chapter is not to convince Forensic Examiners that they are inherently biased and should therefore change careers. Rather, it is to helps them recognize and identify the potential influences of observer effects within their own work.
-
observer effects and Examiner bias psychological influences on the Forensic Examiner
2007Co-Authors: Craig M Cooley, Brent E. TurveyAbstract:Given the professed objectivity of Forensic Examiners, and their scientific training, it could be asked how bias may persist in their results. Some Forensic Examiners claim that it does not, and that an objective aspect combined with scientific training is sufficient to cure most, if not all, ills that may infect their examinations and subsequent results. However, this is untrue because it ignores a fundamental principle of cognitive psychology—the pervasive existence of observer effects. The purpose of this chapter is to remedy the omission of observer effects as a subject of study in the practitioner-oriented Forensic science literature for the benefit of all Forensic Examiners. Moreover, the Forensic community seems to realize that in order to effectively serve the criminal justice system, they must immediately eliminate individuals, procedures, or circumstances that call into question Examiner objectivity and neutrality. Although this may be called into question in some specific cases, when Forensic science organizations essentially fail in their duty to regulate membership and essentially protect inept and unethical Examiners. The ultimate goal of this chapter is not to convince Forensic Examiners that they are inherently biased and should therefore change careers. Rather, it is to help them realistically identify the potential influences of observer effects in their own work and ultimately blunt them to the extent that this is possible.
Ram P. Krish - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
PSIVT - Evaluation of AFIS-Ranked Latent Fingerprint Matched Templates
Image and Video Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Ram P. Krish, Julian Fierrez, Daniel Ramos, Raymond N.j. Veldhuis, Ruifang WangAbstract:The methodology currently practiced in latent print examination (known as ACE-V) yields only a decision as result, namely individualization, exclusion or inconclusive. From such a decision, it is not possible to express the strength of opinion of a Forensic Examiner quantitatively with a scientific basis to the criminal justice system. In this paper, we propose a framework to generate a score from the matched template generated by the Forensic Examiner. Such a score can be viewed as a measure of confidence of a Forensic Examiner quantitatively, which in turn can be used in statistics-based evidence evaluation framework, for e.g, likelihood ratio. Together with the description and evaluation of new realistic Forensic case driven score computation, we also exploit the developed experimental framework to understand more about matched templates in Forensic fingerprint databases.
-
On the importance of rare features in AFIS-ranked latent fingerprint matched templates
2013 47th International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST), 2013Co-Authors: Ram P. Krish, Julian Fierrez, Daniel Ramos, Ruifang WangAbstract:In this paper, we introduce an algorithm to generate a score from the matched templates derived by the Forensic Examiner at the ACE-V stage. Such a score can be viewed quantitatively as a measure of confidence of the Forensic Examiner for the given latent and impression prints. This quantitative measure can be used in statistics-based evidence evaluation frameworks. Together with the description and evaluation of new realistic Forensic casework driven score computation, we also exploit this experimental framework to show the importance of type attributes for minutiae in terms of its discriminating ability in Forensic scenarios. We derive the conclusion that together with reliably extracted typical minutiae features, the presence of rare minutiae features helps to improve the measure of confidence of the Forensic Examiner at the ACE-V stage.
Julian Fierrez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
PSIVT - Evaluation of AFIS-Ranked Latent Fingerprint Matched Templates
Image and Video Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Ram P. Krish, Julian Fierrez, Daniel Ramos, Raymond N.j. Veldhuis, Ruifang WangAbstract:The methodology currently practiced in latent print examination (known as ACE-V) yields only a decision as result, namely individualization, exclusion or inconclusive. From such a decision, it is not possible to express the strength of opinion of a Forensic Examiner quantitatively with a scientific basis to the criminal justice system. In this paper, we propose a framework to generate a score from the matched template generated by the Forensic Examiner. Such a score can be viewed as a measure of confidence of a Forensic Examiner quantitatively, which in turn can be used in statistics-based evidence evaluation framework, for e.g, likelihood ratio. Together with the description and evaluation of new realistic Forensic case driven score computation, we also exploit the developed experimental framework to understand more about matched templates in Forensic fingerprint databases.
-
Analysis of the variability of facial landmarks in a Forensic scenario
2013 International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF), 2013Co-Authors: Ruben Vera-rodriguez, Julian Fierrez, Pedro Tome, Nicomedes Expósito, Francisco Javier VegaAbstract:This paper reports an study of the variability of facial landmarks in a Forensic scenario. This variability is affected by two factors: on the one hand, the precision in which the landmarks are tagged (manually or automatically), and on the other hand some other variability factors such as the pose, expression, occlusions, etc. For this study, a mugshot database of 50 persons has been collected following the procedure used by the Spanish Guardia Civil. Mugshots are taken with three distances between the persons and the camera (3, 2, 1 meters) showing the full body, the upper body and the face respectively, obtaining in total 1200 images. 21 facial landmarks are defined and the database was manually tagged imitating the procedure followed by a Forensic Examiner. This paper analyses the facial landmarking variability for the three distances considered, and also considering the differences obtained for male and female. Results show that landmarks located in the outer part of the face (highest end of the head, ears and chin) present a higher level of variability compared to the landmarks located the inner face (eye region, and nose). Regarding the gender, the landmarks placed in the outer part of the face present a higher level of variability for women compared to men.
-
On the importance of rare features in AFIS-ranked latent fingerprint matched templates
2013 47th International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST), 2013Co-Authors: Ram P. Krish, Julian Fierrez, Daniel Ramos, Ruifang WangAbstract:In this paper, we introduce an algorithm to generate a score from the matched templates derived by the Forensic Examiner at the ACE-V stage. Such a score can be viewed quantitatively as a measure of confidence of the Forensic Examiner for the given latent and impression prints. This quantitative measure can be used in statistics-based evidence evaluation frameworks. Together with the description and evaluation of new realistic Forensic casework driven score computation, we also exploit this experimental framework to show the importance of type attributes for minutiae in terms of its discriminating ability in Forensic scenarios. We derive the conclusion that together with reliably extracted typical minutiae features, the presence of rare minutiae features helps to improve the measure of confidence of the Forensic Examiner at the ACE-V stage.
Daniel Ramos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
PSIVT - Evaluation of AFIS-Ranked Latent Fingerprint Matched Templates
Image and Video Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Ram P. Krish, Julian Fierrez, Daniel Ramos, Raymond N.j. Veldhuis, Ruifang WangAbstract:The methodology currently practiced in latent print examination (known as ACE-V) yields only a decision as result, namely individualization, exclusion or inconclusive. From such a decision, it is not possible to express the strength of opinion of a Forensic Examiner quantitatively with a scientific basis to the criminal justice system. In this paper, we propose a framework to generate a score from the matched template generated by the Forensic Examiner. Such a score can be viewed as a measure of confidence of a Forensic Examiner quantitatively, which in turn can be used in statistics-based evidence evaluation framework, for e.g, likelihood ratio. Together with the description and evaluation of new realistic Forensic case driven score computation, we also exploit the developed experimental framework to understand more about matched templates in Forensic fingerprint databases.
-
On the importance of rare features in AFIS-ranked latent fingerprint matched templates
2013 47th International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST), 2013Co-Authors: Ram P. Krish, Julian Fierrez, Daniel Ramos, Ruifang WangAbstract:In this paper, we introduce an algorithm to generate a score from the matched templates derived by the Forensic Examiner at the ACE-V stage. Such a score can be viewed quantitatively as a measure of confidence of the Forensic Examiner for the given latent and impression prints. This quantitative measure can be used in statistics-based evidence evaluation frameworks. Together with the description and evaluation of new realistic Forensic casework driven score computation, we also exploit this experimental framework to show the importance of type attributes for minutiae in terms of its discriminating ability in Forensic scenarios. We derive the conclusion that together with reliably extracted typical minutiae features, the presence of rare minutiae features helps to improve the measure of confidence of the Forensic Examiner at the ACE-V stage.
