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Jean Garbaye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dose effect in the dual inoculation of an ectomycorrhizal fungus and a mycorrhiza helper bacterium in two Forest Nurseries
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1999Co-Authors: Pascale Freyklett, J. L. Churin, Jeanclaude Pierrat, Jean GarbayeAbstract:Abstract We inoculated disinfected soil at two Douglas-fir bareroot Forest Nurseries with three doses (8×105, 8×107 and 8×109 cfu m−2) of the rifampin-resistant mycorrhiza helper bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens strain BBc6R8 and the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor strain S238N. In one of the two Nurseries, two doses of fungal inoculum (50 and 100 mg m−2 dry weight (DW) mycelium entrapped in alginate beads at the constant dose of 1 l m−2) were tested. For all bacterial treatments the density of P. fluorescens BBc6R8 in the soil, determined by dilution plating, dropped below the detection limit (10−2 cfu g−1 DW soil) 2 weeks after inoculation. Fifteen weeks after inoculation, the introduced bacterium could be detected by enrichment only in the treatments inoculated with the highest bacterial dose. Two years after inoculation, P. fluorescens BBc6R8 could not be detected in the soil of any of the bacterial treatments. Five months after inoculation and sowing, bacterial inoculation significantly increased the percentage of mycorrhizal short roots on plants inoculated with either low or high amounts of L. bicolor, in one of the two Nurseries. The lowest bacterial dose increased mycorrhizal colonization from 45 to 70% in plants inoculated with the low amount of fungal inoculum, and from 64 to 77% in plants inoculated with the high amount of fungal inoculum. The lowest bacterial dose increased mycorrhizal colonization more than the highest bacterial dose. The same L. bicolor mycorrhizal index (70%) was obtained with 50 mg m−2 DW mycelium plus the bacterium than with twice this fungal dose and no bacterium (64%). Two years after inoculation, the height of the mycorrhizal Douglas-firs in the other nursery was significantly increased by the lowest bacterial dose (from 40.7 to 42.6 cm). These results indicate that co-inoculating a helper bacterium together with an ectomycorrhizal fungus can be an efficient way of optimizing controlled mycorrhization techniques for the production of high-quality Douglas-fir planting stocks. They also confirm that BBc6R8 acts at a low population density (less than 102 cfu g−1 soil); this contrasts with most PGPR effects discussed in the literature, where the minimal inoculation dose of 105 cfu g−1 soil is required to obtain the beneficial effect.
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The fungus-specificity of mycorrhization helper bacteria (MHBs) used as an alternative to soil fumigation for ectomycorrhizal inoculation of bare-root Douglas-fir planting stocks with Laccaria laccata
Plant and Soil, 1993Co-Authors: Robin Duponnois, Jean Garbaye, D. Bouchard, J. L. ChurinAbstract:Mycorrhization helper bacteria (MHBs) isolated and selected from the Douglas fir-Laccaria laccata symbiotic system have previously been shown to be fungus-specific: they promote ectomycorrhizal establishment of Laccaria laccata but inhibit mycorrhiza formation by other fungi. In this paper, two experiments in a nursery producing two years-old bare-root Douglas-fir planting stocks confirm the specificity of MHBs under field conditions. They also show that, by selectively helping the introduced L. laccata against the resident symbionts, MHBs are an interesting alternative (safer and easier) to soil fumigation for the success of routine controlled mycorrhization of planting stocks in Forest Nurseries.
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effect of dual inoculation of douglas fir with the ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria laccata and mycorrhization helper bacteria mhb in two bare root Forest Nurseries
Plant and Soil, 1991Co-Authors: Robin Duponnois, Jean GarbayeAbstract:Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings in two bare-root Forest Nurseries were inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria laccata, together or not with one of five mycorrhization helper bacteria isolated from L. laccata sporocarps or mycorrhizas and previously selected by in vitro and glasshouse screenings. With the most efficient MHB isolates, when compared to the control with no bacteria, the percent of mycorrhizal short roots was increased from 60 to 90 or from 80 to 100, depending on the nursery, with inoculation doses as low as 106 living cells per m2. A dual inoculum made of calcium alginate beads containing the two microorganisms appears to be a valuable technique for increasing the efficiency of ectomycorrhizal inoculation of planting stocks in Forest Nurseries.
Maria Rudawska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of pedunculate and sessile oak seedlings from bare root Forest Nurseries
Mycorrhiza, 2010Co-Authors: Tomasz Leski, Marcin Pietras, Maria RudawskaAbstract:In this study, we present the detailed molecular investigation of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) community of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur seedlings grown in bare-root Forest Nurseries. In all tested oak samples, mycorrhizal colonization was nearly 100%. Morphological observation and molecular investigations (sequencing of fungal ITS rDNA) revealed a total of 23 mycorrhizal taxa. The most frequent and abundant fungal taxa were Hebeloma sacchariolens, Tuber sp., and Peziza sp.; from the detected fungal taxa, 20 were noted for Q. petraea and 23 for Q. robur. Depending on the nursery, the species richness of identified ECM fungal taxa for both oak species ranged from six to 11 taxa. The mean species richness for all Nurseries was 5.36 and 5.82 taxa per Q. petraea and Q. robur sample, respectively. According to the analysis of similarity, ECM fungal communities were similar for Q. petraea and Q. robur (R = 0.019; p = 0.151). On the other hand, detected fungal communities were significantly different between Nurseries (R = 0.927; p < 0.0001). Using the Spearman rank correlation, it was determined that the ectomycorrhizal diversity (in terms of richness, the Shannon diversity, evenness, and Simpson dominance indices) is significantly related to the soil parameters of each nursery. We conclude that individual nursery may be considered as separate ecological niches that strongly discriminate diversity of ECM fungi.
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the ectomycorrhizal status of european larch larix decidua mill seedlings from bare root Forest Nurseries
Forest Ecology and Management, 2008Co-Authors: Tomasz Leski, Maria Rudawska, Algis AucinaAbstract:Abstract In this paper, we report molecular investigation of an ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) community of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) seedlings grown in a bare-root nursery. In total, we surveyed 32 Nurseries that were each active in supplying planting stocks to restock Forests and for afForestation of post-agricultural land. Sequence-based approach was used to identify EMF taxa, quantify EMF richness, and document differences in the relative abundance of individual taxa. We identified seven fungal species that might contribute to the mycorrhizal community structure of 1 to 3-year-old L. decidua seedlings. The species richness in the examined larches varied between one and four fungal taxa, depending on both the nursery stock samples (NSS) and age class of the seedlings. The average was 1.4 for 1-year-old seedlings and 2.3 for 2- and 3-year-old plants. The dominance of Ascomycota over Basidiomycota and the prevalence of two species, Wilcoxina mikolae and Suillus grevillei, as EMF partners were characteristic features of nursery-grown L. decidua seedlings. S. grevillei was the only one basidiomycetes colonized roots of tested seedlings. The rest of the mycorrhizal pool from Forest Nurseries was typically dominated by pioneer fungal ascomycetes. W. mikolae was the most common mycorrhizal ascomycete present at a high frequency on NSS from both age classes and with very high abundance (average 90%) on 1-year-old seedlings. Some other ascomycetes (Pezizales 1, Pezizales 2 and Pezizales 3) appeared on tested larches at a low frequency, but sometimes in high abundance. Tuber spp. appeared at a low frequency and low abundance. The relative abundance of S. grevillei was positively correlated with the age of seedlings, while W. mikolae was negatively correlated with age. Tuber sp. 1 and 2, Pezizales 2, and W. mikolae were positively associated with the basic soil pH values. However, forward selection of the environmental variables showed that only the age of the larch seedlings contributed significantly (F = 11.45, P = 0.02) to the variance in the ECF community.
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Ectomycorrhizal status of Norway spruce seedlings from bare-root Forest Nurseries
Forest Ecology and Management, 2006Co-Authors: Maria Rudawska, Lidia K. Trocha, Tomasz Leski, Roman GornowiczAbstract:WeexaminedtheectomycorrhizalcommunitiesassociatedwithNorwayspruceseedlingsgrownin16bare-rootNurseriesinnorthwestPoland.One through four-year-old seedlings were examined and compared. We found 11 morphotypes in total with an average of 2.7 morphotypes per nursery. Among these 11 morphotypes, RFLP-analysis detected 17 distinct RFLP-patterns. By comparison with the available reference material, 12 of these could be identified to genus or species. These were Amphinema byssoides, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Hebeloma longicaudum, Paxillus involutus, Thelephora terrestris, Cenococcum geophilum, Phialophora finlandia, Tuber sp., Wilcoxina mikolae, Wilcoxinasp. 1, Wilcoxinasp. 2 and Tricharina ochroleuca. The five unidentified morphotypes were: basidiomycetes ITE.5 and four ascomycetes designated as IDPAN.1, IDPAN.2, IDPAN.3 and IDPAN.4 that in morphotyping were classified as an E-strain. The ascomycete W. mikolae was predominant, whereas the basidiomycetes were less common.ECMcommunityofNorwayspruce seedlingsfrombare-rootNurserieswerenotstructuredinassociationwithsoilpHandnutrientstatusof the host plant. The consistent presence of inocula of ascomycete symbionts in the substrate from all Nurseries is quite notable and may reflect their adaptation and/or resistance to highly transformed nursery soil substrates compared to symbionts from the Basidiomycota. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Marc-andré Selosse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Transfer to Forest Nurseries significantly affects mycorrhizal community composition of Asteropeia mcphersonii wildings
Mycorrhiza, 2017Co-Authors: Charline Henry, Heriniaina Ramanankierana, Jeanne Françoise Raivoarisoa, Angélo Razafimamonjy, Paul Andrianaivomahefa, Marc Ducousso, Marc-andré SelosseAbstract:� Mycorrhizal symbiosis is extremely important for tree growth, survival and resistance after transplantation particularly in Madagascar where deForestation is a major concern. The importance of mycorrhizal symbiosis is further increased when soil conditions at the planting site are limiting. To identify technical itineraries capable of improving ecological restoration in Madagascar, we needed to obtain native ectomycorrhizal (ECM) saplings with a wide diversity of ECM fungi. To this end, we transplanted ECM seedlings from the wild (wildlings) to a nursery. Using molecular characterisation of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA, we tested the effect of transplanting Asteropeia mcphersonii wildlings on ECM communities after 8 months of growth in the nursery. With or without the addition of soil from the site where the seedlings were sampled to the nursery substrate, we observed a dramatic change in the composition of fungal communities with a decrease in the ECM infection rate, a tremendous increase in the abundance of an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) taxonomically close to the order Trechisporales and the disappearance of all OTUs of Boletales. Transplanting to the nursery and/or to nursery conditions was shown to be incompatible with the survival and even less with the development in the nursery of most ECM fungi naturally associated with A. mcphersonii wildings.
Tomasz Leski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of pedunculate and sessile oak seedlings from bare root Forest Nurseries
Mycorrhiza, 2010Co-Authors: Tomasz Leski, Marcin Pietras, Maria RudawskaAbstract:In this study, we present the detailed molecular investigation of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) community of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur seedlings grown in bare-root Forest Nurseries. In all tested oak samples, mycorrhizal colonization was nearly 100%. Morphological observation and molecular investigations (sequencing of fungal ITS rDNA) revealed a total of 23 mycorrhizal taxa. The most frequent and abundant fungal taxa were Hebeloma sacchariolens, Tuber sp., and Peziza sp.; from the detected fungal taxa, 20 were noted for Q. petraea and 23 for Q. robur. Depending on the nursery, the species richness of identified ECM fungal taxa for both oak species ranged from six to 11 taxa. The mean species richness for all Nurseries was 5.36 and 5.82 taxa per Q. petraea and Q. robur sample, respectively. According to the analysis of similarity, ECM fungal communities were similar for Q. petraea and Q. robur (R = 0.019; p = 0.151). On the other hand, detected fungal communities were significantly different between Nurseries (R = 0.927; p < 0.0001). Using the Spearman rank correlation, it was determined that the ectomycorrhizal diversity (in terms of richness, the Shannon diversity, evenness, and Simpson dominance indices) is significantly related to the soil parameters of each nursery. We conclude that individual nursery may be considered as separate ecological niches that strongly discriminate diversity of ECM fungi.
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the ectomycorrhizal status of european larch larix decidua mill seedlings from bare root Forest Nurseries
Forest Ecology and Management, 2008Co-Authors: Tomasz Leski, Maria Rudawska, Algis AucinaAbstract:Abstract In this paper, we report molecular investigation of an ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) community of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) seedlings grown in a bare-root nursery. In total, we surveyed 32 Nurseries that were each active in supplying planting stocks to restock Forests and for afForestation of post-agricultural land. Sequence-based approach was used to identify EMF taxa, quantify EMF richness, and document differences in the relative abundance of individual taxa. We identified seven fungal species that might contribute to the mycorrhizal community structure of 1 to 3-year-old L. decidua seedlings. The species richness in the examined larches varied between one and four fungal taxa, depending on both the nursery stock samples (NSS) and age class of the seedlings. The average was 1.4 for 1-year-old seedlings and 2.3 for 2- and 3-year-old plants. The dominance of Ascomycota over Basidiomycota and the prevalence of two species, Wilcoxina mikolae and Suillus grevillei, as EMF partners were characteristic features of nursery-grown L. decidua seedlings. S. grevillei was the only one basidiomycetes colonized roots of tested seedlings. The rest of the mycorrhizal pool from Forest Nurseries was typically dominated by pioneer fungal ascomycetes. W. mikolae was the most common mycorrhizal ascomycete present at a high frequency on NSS from both age classes and with very high abundance (average 90%) on 1-year-old seedlings. Some other ascomycetes (Pezizales 1, Pezizales 2 and Pezizales 3) appeared on tested larches at a low frequency, but sometimes in high abundance. Tuber spp. appeared at a low frequency and low abundance. The relative abundance of S. grevillei was positively correlated with the age of seedlings, while W. mikolae was negatively correlated with age. Tuber sp. 1 and 2, Pezizales 2, and W. mikolae were positively associated with the basic soil pH values. However, forward selection of the environmental variables showed that only the age of the larch seedlings contributed significantly (F = 11.45, P = 0.02) to the variance in the ECF community.
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Ectomycorrhizal status of Norway spruce seedlings from bare-root Forest Nurseries
Forest Ecology and Management, 2006Co-Authors: Maria Rudawska, Lidia K. Trocha, Tomasz Leski, Roman GornowiczAbstract:WeexaminedtheectomycorrhizalcommunitiesassociatedwithNorwayspruceseedlingsgrownin16bare-rootNurseriesinnorthwestPoland.One through four-year-old seedlings were examined and compared. We found 11 morphotypes in total with an average of 2.7 morphotypes per nursery. Among these 11 morphotypes, RFLP-analysis detected 17 distinct RFLP-patterns. By comparison with the available reference material, 12 of these could be identified to genus or species. These were Amphinema byssoides, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Hebeloma longicaudum, Paxillus involutus, Thelephora terrestris, Cenococcum geophilum, Phialophora finlandia, Tuber sp., Wilcoxina mikolae, Wilcoxinasp. 1, Wilcoxinasp. 2 and Tricharina ochroleuca. The five unidentified morphotypes were: basidiomycetes ITE.5 and four ascomycetes designated as IDPAN.1, IDPAN.2, IDPAN.3 and IDPAN.4 that in morphotyping were classified as an E-strain. The ascomycete W. mikolae was predominant, whereas the basidiomycetes were less common.ECMcommunityofNorwayspruce seedlingsfrombare-rootNurserieswerenotstructuredinassociationwithsoilpHandnutrientstatusof the host plant. The consistent presence of inocula of ascomycete symbionts in the substrate from all Nurseries is quite notable and may reflect their adaptation and/or resistance to highly transformed nursery soil substrates compared to symbionts from the Basidiomycota. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Charline Henry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Transfer to Forest Nurseries significantly affects mycorrhizal community composition of Asteropeia mcphersonii wildings
Mycorrhiza, 2017Co-Authors: Charline Henry, Heriniaina Ramanankierana, Jeanne Françoise Raivoarisoa, Angélo Razafimamonjy, Paul Andrianaivomahefa, Marc Ducousso, Marc-andré SelosseAbstract:� Mycorrhizal symbiosis is extremely important for tree growth, survival and resistance after transplantation particularly in Madagascar where deForestation is a major concern. The importance of mycorrhizal symbiosis is further increased when soil conditions at the planting site are limiting. To identify technical itineraries capable of improving ecological restoration in Madagascar, we needed to obtain native ectomycorrhizal (ECM) saplings with a wide diversity of ECM fungi. To this end, we transplanted ECM seedlings from the wild (wildlings) to a nursery. Using molecular characterisation of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA, we tested the effect of transplanting Asteropeia mcphersonii wildlings on ECM communities after 8 months of growth in the nursery. With or without the addition of soil from the site where the seedlings were sampled to the nursery substrate, we observed a dramatic change in the composition of fungal communities with a decrease in the ECM infection rate, a tremendous increase in the abundance of an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) taxonomically close to the order Trechisporales and the disappearance of all OTUs of Boletales. Transplanting to the nursery and/or to nursery conditions was shown to be incompatible with the survival and even less with the development in the nursery of most ECM fungi naturally associated with A. mcphersonii wildings.