The Experts below are selected from a list of 244182 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tommi Mikkonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
formalizing design patterns
International Conference on Software Engineering, 1998Co-Authors: Tommi MikkonenAbstract:Design patterns facilitate reuse of good design practices. They are typically given by using conventional notations that lack well-defined semantics and, therefore reasoning about their behaviors requires Formalization. Even when formalized, conventional communication abstractions may lead to too laborious Formalizations when addressing the temporal behavior of a pattern as a whole instead of behaviors local to its components. We show that rigorous reasoning can be eased by formalizing temporal behaviors of patterns in terms of high-level abstractions of communication, and that by using property-preserving refinements, specifications can be naturally composed by using patterns as building blocks.
-
ICSE - Formalizing design patterns
Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Engineering, 1998Co-Authors: Tommi MikkonenAbstract:Design patterns facilitate reuse of good design practices. They are typically given by using conventional notations that lack well-defined semantics and, therefore reasoning about their behaviors requires Formalization. Even when formalized, conventional communication abstractions may lead to too laborious Formalizations when addressing the temporal behavior of a pattern as a whole instead of behaviors local to its components. We show that rigorous reasoning can be eased by formalizing temporal behaviors of patterns in terms of high-level abstractions of communication, and that by using property-preserving refinements, specifications can be naturally composed by using patterns as building blocks.
Frank Van Harmelen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
rule based Formalization of eligibility criteria for clinical trials
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine in Europe, 2013Co-Authors: Zhisheng Huang, Annette Ten Teije, Frank Van HarmelenAbstract:In this paper, we propose a rule-based Formalization of eligibility criteria for clinical trials. The rule-based Formalization is implemented by using the logic programming language Prolog. Compared with existing Formalizations such as pattern-based and script-based languages, the rule-based Formalization has the advantages of being declarative, expressive, reusable and easy to maintain. Our rule-based Formalization is based on a general framework for eligibility criteria containing three types of knowledge: (1) trial-specific knowledge, (2) domain-specific knowledge and (3) common knowledge. This framework enables the reuse of several parts of the Formalization of eligibility criteria. We have implemented the proposed rule-based Formalization in SemanticCT, a semantically-enabled system for clinical trials, showing the feasibility of using our rule-based Formalization of eligibility criteria for supporting patient recruitment in clinical trial systems.
Michael Gruninger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
AISC/MKM/Calculemus - The distributed ontology language (DOL): ontology integration and interoperability applied to mathematical Formalization
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2012Co-Authors: Christoph Lange, Oliver Kutz, Till Mossakowski, Michael GruningerAbstract:The Distributed Ontology Language (DOL) is currently being standardized within the OntoIOp (Ontology Integration and Interoperability) activity of ISO/TC 37/SC 3. It aims at providing a unified framework for (1) ontologies formalized in heterogeneous logics, (2) modular ontologies, (3) links between ontologies, and (4) annotation of ontologies. This paper focuses on an application of DOL's meta-theoretical features in mathematical Formalization: validating relationships between ontological Formalizations of mathematical concepts in COLORE (Common Logic Repository), which provide the foundation for formalizing real-world notions such as spatial and temporal relations.
-
the distributed ontology language dol ontology integration and interoperability applied to mathematical Formalization
arXiv: Logic in Computer Science, 2012Co-Authors: Christoph Lange, Oliver Kutz, Till Mossakowski, Michael GruningerAbstract:The Distributed Ontology Language (DOL) is currently being standardized within the OntoIOp (Ontology Integration and Interoperability) activity of ISO/TC 37/SC 3. It aims at providing a unified framework for (1) ontologies formalized in heterogeneous logics, (2) modular ontologies, (3) links between ontologies, and (4) annotation of ontologies. This paper focuses on an application of DOL's meta-theoretical features in mathematical Formalization: validating relationships between ontological Formalizations of mathematical concepts in COLORE (Common Logic Repository), which provide the foundation for formalizing real-world notions such as spatial and temporal relations.
Zhisheng Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
rule based Formalization of eligibility criteria for clinical trials
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine in Europe, 2013Co-Authors: Zhisheng Huang, Annette Ten Teije, Frank Van HarmelenAbstract:In this paper, we propose a rule-based Formalization of eligibility criteria for clinical trials. The rule-based Formalization is implemented by using the logic programming language Prolog. Compared with existing Formalizations such as pattern-based and script-based languages, the rule-based Formalization has the advantages of being declarative, expressive, reusable and easy to maintain. Our rule-based Formalization is based on a general framework for eligibility criteria containing three types of knowledge: (1) trial-specific knowledge, (2) domain-specific knowledge and (3) common knowledge. This framework enables the reuse of several parts of the Formalization of eligibility criteria. We have implemented the proposed rule-based Formalization in SemanticCT, a semantically-enabled system for clinical trials, showing the feasibility of using our rule-based Formalization of eligibility criteria for supporting patient recruitment in clinical trial systems.
Sandra Aparcana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
approaches to Formalization of the informal waste sector into municipal solid waste management systems in low and middle income countries review of barriers and success factors
Waste Management, 2017Co-Authors: Sandra AparcanaAbstract:Abstract Background and goal The Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) sector represents a major challenge for low-and middle-income countries due to significant environmental and socioeconomic issues involving rapid urbanization, their MSWM systems, and the existence of the informal waste sector. Recognizing its role, several countries have implemented various Formalization measures, aiming to address the social problems linked to this sector. However, regardless of these initiatives, not all attempts at Formalization have proved successful due to the existence of barriers preventing their implementation in the long term. Along with this, there is a frequent lack of knowledge or understanding regarding these barriers and the kind of measures that may enable Formalization, thereby attaining a win-win situation for all the stakeholders involved. In this context, policy- and decision-makers in the public and private sectors are frequently confronted with the dilemma of finding workable approaches to Formalization, adjusted to their particular MSWM contexts. Building on the review of frequently implemented approaches to Formalization, including an analysis of the barriers to and enabling measures for Formalization, this paper aims to address this gap by explaining to policy- and decision-makers, and to waste managers in the private sector, certain dynamics that can be observed and that should be taken into account when designing Formalization strategies that are adapted to their particular socioeconomic and political-institutional context. This includes possible links between Formalization approaches and barriers, the kinds of barriers that need to be removed, and enabling measures leading to successful Formalization in the long term. Method This paper involved a literature review of common approaches to Formalization, which were classified into three categories: (1) informal waste workers organized in associations or cooperatives; (2) organized in CBOs or MSEs; and (3) contracted as individual workers by the formal waste sector. This was followed by the identification and subsequent classification of measures for removing common barriers to Formalization into five categories: policy/legal, institutional/organizational, technical, social, and economic/financial. The approaches to Formalization, as well as the barrier categories, were validated through the assessment of twenty case studies of Formalization. Building on the assessment, the paper discussed possible links between Formalization approaches and barriers, the ‘persistent’ challenges that represent barriers to Formalization, as well as key enabling factors improving the likelihood of successful Formalization. Results Regardless of the type of approach adopted to Formalization, the review identifies measures to remove barriers in all five categories, with a stronger link between the approaches 1 and 2 and the existence of measures in the policy, institutional, and financial categories. Regarding persistent barriers, the review identified ones arising from the absence of measures to address a particular issue before Formalization or due to specific country- or sector-related conditions, and their interaction with the MSWM context. 75% of the case studies had persistent barriers in respect of policy/legal issues, 50% of institutional/organizational, 45% of financial/economic, and 40%, and 35% of social and technical issues respectively. Conclusions This paper concludes that independently of the Formalization approach, the lack of interventions or measures in any of the five categories of barriers may lead Formalization initiatives to fail, as unaddressed barriers become ‘persistent’ after Formalization is implemented. Furthermore, ‘persistent barriers’ may also appear due to unfavorable country-specific conditions. The success of a Formalization initiative does not depend on a specific approach, but most likely on the inclusion of country-appropriate measures at the policy, economic and institutional levels. The empowerment of informal waste-workers is again confirmed as a further key success factor for their Formalization.
