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Janette Walton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of Fortified Foods and nutritional supplements in the diets of older Irish adults
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2020Co-Authors: Laura Kehoe, Janette Walton, Breige A. Mcnulty, Anne P. Nugent, Albert FlynnAbstract:AbstractLow intakes and suboptimal status of vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B12, folate and calcium have been reported in older adults across Europe. Dietary strategies to improve micronutrient intakes and status could include food fortification (mandatory or voluntary) and/or the use of nutritional supplements. This study aims to examine the impact of Fortified food consumption and nutritional supplement use on nutrient intakes and nutritional status of vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B12, dietary folate equivalents (DFE) and calcium in older Irish adults.Analyses were based on the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008–2010). A 4 day semi-weighed food record was used to collect food and beverage intake data (including nutritional supplement use) from a nationally representative sample of 1500 adults (226 older adults (≥ 65y)). Blood samples (n 1126 (n 145 ≥ 65y)) were collected, processed and analysed using standard operating procedures. Nutrient intakes were estimated using WISP© based on UK and Irish food composition data. Fortified Foods were identified as those that had one or more micronutrients added in the ingredient list and a nutritional supplement was defined as a supplement containing vitamins and/or minerals (i.e. excludes herbal/non-nutritional supplements). A Fortified food consumer or nutritional supplement user was defined as a participant who consumed a Fortified food or took a nutritional supplement at any time over the 4-day recording period. Usual intakes of micronutrients were calculated via the NCI-method using SAS© Enterprise Guide and analyses of biomarker data were carried out using SPSS©.The consumption of Fortified Foods and/or use of nutritional supplements increased mean intakes of vitamin D (3.6 to 6.9μg/d), riboflavin (1.6 to 2.3mg/d), vitamin B12 (4.5 to 6.0μg/d), DFE (228 to 408μg/d) and calcium (784 to 947mg/d) in older Irish adults and reduced the prevalence of inadequate intakes of these micronutrients by up to 40%. Furthermore, consumers of Fortified Foods and/or nutritional supplements had improved biomarker status and reduced prevalence of low/deficient status for vitamin D (62 vs 16%), riboflavin (65 vs 11%), vitamin B12 (8 vs 0%) and folate (serum folate:18 vs 0%; red blood cell folate: 0% across all groups) when compared to non-consumers.This study has shown that Fortified Foods and/or nutritional supplements represent an opportunity to improve intakes and status of key micronutrients in older adults. The data presented in this study will serve to inform the development and implementation of updated dietary recommendations for older adults in Ireland.
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Estimating safe maximum levels of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and food supplements
European Journal of Nutrition, 2017Co-Authors: Albert Flynn, Laura Kehoe, Áine Hennessy, Janette WaltonAbstract:Purpose To show how safe maximum levels (SML) of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and supplements may be estimated in population subgroups. Methods SML were estimated for adults and 7- to 10-year-old children for six nutrients (retinol, vitamins B6, D and E, folic acid, iron and calcium) using data on usual daily nutrient intakes from Irish national nutrition surveys. Results SML of nutrients in supplements were lower for children than for adults, except for calcium and iron. Daily energy intake from Fortified Foods in high consumers (95th percentile) varied by nutrient from 138 to 342 kcal in adults and 40–309 kcal in children. SML (/100 kcal) of nutrients in Fortified food were lower for children than adults for vitamins B6 and D, higher for vitamin E, with little difference for other nutrients. Including 25 % ‘overage’ for nutrients in Fortified Foods and supplements had little effect on SML. Nutritionally significant amounts of these nutrients can be added safely to supplements and Fortified Foods for these population subgroups. The estimated SML of nutrients in Fortified Foods and supplements may be considered safe for these population subgroups over the long term given the food composition and dietary patterns prevailing in the respective dietary surveys. Conclusions This risk assessment approach shows how nutrient intake data may be used to estimate, for population subgroups, the SML for vitamins and minerals in both Fortified Foods and supplements, separately, each taking into account the intake from other dietary sources.
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Estimating safe maximum levels of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and food supplements
European journal of nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Albert Flynn, Laura Kehoe, Áine Hennessy, Janette WaltonAbstract:Purpose To show how safe maximum levels (SML) of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and supplements may be estimated in population subgroups.
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The role of Fortified Foods and nutritional supplements in increasing vitamin D intake in Irish preschool children.
European journal of nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Áine Hennessy, Janette Walton, Fiona Browne, Mairead Kiely, Albert FlynnAbstract:Purpose There are limited data on the contribution of Fortified Foods and nutritional supplements to intakes of vitamin D in young children. Our objective was to examine the intake, adequacy, risk of excessive intake and sources of dietary vitamin D.
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impact of voluntary fortification and supplement use on dietary intakes and biomarker status of folate and vitamin b 12 in irish adults
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Sinead Hopkins, Anne M Molloy, Mary Ward, James J. Strain, Helene Mcnulty, John M. Scott, Albert Flynn, M J Gibney, A P Nugent, Janette WaltonAbstract:BACKGROUND: Ireland has traditionally operated a liberal policy of voluntary fortification, but little is known about how this practice, along with supplement use, affects population intakes and status of folate and vitamin B-12. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to examine the relative impact of voluntary fortification and supplement use on dietary intakes and biomarker status of folate and vitamin B-12 in Irish adults. DESIGN: Folic acid and vitamin B-12 from Fortified Foods and supplements were estimated by using brand information for participants from the cross-sectional National Adult Nutrition Survey 2008-2010. Dietary and biomarker values were compared between 6 mutually exclusive consumption groups formed on the basis of folic acid intake. RESULTS: The consumption of folic acid through Fortified Foods at low, medium, and high levels of exposure [median (IQR) intakes of 22 (13, 32), 69 (56, 84), and 180 (137, 248) μg/d, respectively]; from supplements [203 (150, 400) μg/d]; or from both sources [287 (220, 438) μg/d] was associated with significantly higher folate intakes and status compared with nonconsumption of folic acid (18% of the population). Median (IQR) red blood cell (RBC) folate increased significantly from 699 (538, 934) nmol/L in nonconsumers to 1040 (83, 1390) nmol/L in consumers with a high intake of Fortified Foods (P < 0.001), with further nonsignificant increases in supplement users. Supplement use but not fortification was associated with significantly higher serum vitamin B-12 concentrations relative to nonconsumers (P < 0.001). Two-thirds of young women had suboptimal RBC folate for protection against neural tube defects (NTDs); among nonconsumers of folic acid, only 16% attained optimal RBC folate. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of voluntarily Fortified Foods and/or supplement use was associated with significantly higher dietary intakes and biomarker status of folate in Irish adults. Of concern, the majority of young women remain suboptimally protected against NTDs.
Albert Flynn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of Fortified Foods and nutritional supplements in the diets of older Irish adults
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2020Co-Authors: Laura Kehoe, Janette Walton, Breige A. Mcnulty, Anne P. Nugent, Albert FlynnAbstract:AbstractLow intakes and suboptimal status of vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B12, folate and calcium have been reported in older adults across Europe. Dietary strategies to improve micronutrient intakes and status could include food fortification (mandatory or voluntary) and/or the use of nutritional supplements. This study aims to examine the impact of Fortified food consumption and nutritional supplement use on nutrient intakes and nutritional status of vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B12, dietary folate equivalents (DFE) and calcium in older Irish adults.Analyses were based on the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008–2010). A 4 day semi-weighed food record was used to collect food and beverage intake data (including nutritional supplement use) from a nationally representative sample of 1500 adults (226 older adults (≥ 65y)). Blood samples (n 1126 (n 145 ≥ 65y)) were collected, processed and analysed using standard operating procedures. Nutrient intakes were estimated using WISP© based on UK and Irish food composition data. Fortified Foods were identified as those that had one or more micronutrients added in the ingredient list and a nutritional supplement was defined as a supplement containing vitamins and/or minerals (i.e. excludes herbal/non-nutritional supplements). A Fortified food consumer or nutritional supplement user was defined as a participant who consumed a Fortified food or took a nutritional supplement at any time over the 4-day recording period. Usual intakes of micronutrients were calculated via the NCI-method using SAS© Enterprise Guide and analyses of biomarker data were carried out using SPSS©.The consumption of Fortified Foods and/or use of nutritional supplements increased mean intakes of vitamin D (3.6 to 6.9μg/d), riboflavin (1.6 to 2.3mg/d), vitamin B12 (4.5 to 6.0μg/d), DFE (228 to 408μg/d) and calcium (784 to 947mg/d) in older Irish adults and reduced the prevalence of inadequate intakes of these micronutrients by up to 40%. Furthermore, consumers of Fortified Foods and/or nutritional supplements had improved biomarker status and reduced prevalence of low/deficient status for vitamin D (62 vs 16%), riboflavin (65 vs 11%), vitamin B12 (8 vs 0%) and folate (serum folate:18 vs 0%; red blood cell folate: 0% across all groups) when compared to non-consumers.This study has shown that Fortified Foods and/or nutritional supplements represent an opportunity to improve intakes and status of key micronutrients in older adults. The data presented in this study will serve to inform the development and implementation of updated dietary recommendations for older adults in Ireland.
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Estimating safe maximum levels of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and food supplements
European Journal of Nutrition, 2017Co-Authors: Albert Flynn, Laura Kehoe, Áine Hennessy, Janette WaltonAbstract:Purpose To show how safe maximum levels (SML) of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and supplements may be estimated in population subgroups. Methods SML were estimated for adults and 7- to 10-year-old children for six nutrients (retinol, vitamins B6, D and E, folic acid, iron and calcium) using data on usual daily nutrient intakes from Irish national nutrition surveys. Results SML of nutrients in supplements were lower for children than for adults, except for calcium and iron. Daily energy intake from Fortified Foods in high consumers (95th percentile) varied by nutrient from 138 to 342 kcal in adults and 40–309 kcal in children. SML (/100 kcal) of nutrients in Fortified food were lower for children than adults for vitamins B6 and D, higher for vitamin E, with little difference for other nutrients. Including 25 % ‘overage’ for nutrients in Fortified Foods and supplements had little effect on SML. Nutritionally significant amounts of these nutrients can be added safely to supplements and Fortified Foods for these population subgroups. The estimated SML of nutrients in Fortified Foods and supplements may be considered safe for these population subgroups over the long term given the food composition and dietary patterns prevailing in the respective dietary surveys. Conclusions This risk assessment approach shows how nutrient intake data may be used to estimate, for population subgroups, the SML for vitamins and minerals in both Fortified Foods and supplements, separately, each taking into account the intake from other dietary sources.
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Estimating safe maximum levels of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and food supplements
European journal of nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Albert Flynn, Laura Kehoe, Áine Hennessy, Janette WaltonAbstract:Purpose To show how safe maximum levels (SML) of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and supplements may be estimated in population subgroups.
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The role of Fortified Foods and nutritional supplements in increasing vitamin D intake in Irish preschool children.
European journal of nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Áine Hennessy, Janette Walton, Fiona Browne, Mairead Kiely, Albert FlynnAbstract:Purpose There are limited data on the contribution of Fortified Foods and nutritional supplements to intakes of vitamin D in young children. Our objective was to examine the intake, adequacy, risk of excessive intake and sources of dietary vitamin D.
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impact of voluntary fortification and supplement use on dietary intakes and biomarker status of folate and vitamin b 12 in irish adults
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Sinead Hopkins, Anne M Molloy, Mary Ward, James J. Strain, Helene Mcnulty, John M. Scott, Albert Flynn, M J Gibney, A P Nugent, Janette WaltonAbstract:BACKGROUND: Ireland has traditionally operated a liberal policy of voluntary fortification, but little is known about how this practice, along with supplement use, affects population intakes and status of folate and vitamin B-12. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to examine the relative impact of voluntary fortification and supplement use on dietary intakes and biomarker status of folate and vitamin B-12 in Irish adults. DESIGN: Folic acid and vitamin B-12 from Fortified Foods and supplements were estimated by using brand information for participants from the cross-sectional National Adult Nutrition Survey 2008-2010. Dietary and biomarker values were compared between 6 mutually exclusive consumption groups formed on the basis of folic acid intake. RESULTS: The consumption of folic acid through Fortified Foods at low, medium, and high levels of exposure [median (IQR) intakes of 22 (13, 32), 69 (56, 84), and 180 (137, 248) μg/d, respectively]; from supplements [203 (150, 400) μg/d]; or from both sources [287 (220, 438) μg/d] was associated with significantly higher folate intakes and status compared with nonconsumption of folic acid (18% of the population). Median (IQR) red blood cell (RBC) folate increased significantly from 699 (538, 934) nmol/L in nonconsumers to 1040 (83, 1390) nmol/L in consumers with a high intake of Fortified Foods (P < 0.001), with further nonsignificant increases in supplement users. Supplement use but not fortification was associated with significantly higher serum vitamin B-12 concentrations relative to nonconsumers (P < 0.001). Two-thirds of young women had suboptimal RBC folate for protection against neural tube defects (NTDs); among nonconsumers of folic acid, only 16% attained optimal RBC folate. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of voluntarily Fortified Foods and/or supplement use was associated with significantly higher dietary intakes and biomarker status of folate in Irish adults. Of concern, the majority of young women remain suboptimally protected against NTDs.
Áine Hennessy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estimating safe maximum levels of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and food supplements
European Journal of Nutrition, 2017Co-Authors: Albert Flynn, Laura Kehoe, Áine Hennessy, Janette WaltonAbstract:Purpose To show how safe maximum levels (SML) of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and supplements may be estimated in population subgroups. Methods SML were estimated for adults and 7- to 10-year-old children for six nutrients (retinol, vitamins B6, D and E, folic acid, iron and calcium) using data on usual daily nutrient intakes from Irish national nutrition surveys. Results SML of nutrients in supplements were lower for children than for adults, except for calcium and iron. Daily energy intake from Fortified Foods in high consumers (95th percentile) varied by nutrient from 138 to 342 kcal in adults and 40–309 kcal in children. SML (/100 kcal) of nutrients in Fortified food were lower for children than adults for vitamins B6 and D, higher for vitamin E, with little difference for other nutrients. Including 25 % ‘overage’ for nutrients in Fortified Foods and supplements had little effect on SML. Nutritionally significant amounts of these nutrients can be added safely to supplements and Fortified Foods for these population subgroups. The estimated SML of nutrients in Fortified Foods and supplements may be considered safe for these population subgroups over the long term given the food composition and dietary patterns prevailing in the respective dietary surveys. Conclusions This risk assessment approach shows how nutrient intake data may be used to estimate, for population subgroups, the SML for vitamins and minerals in both Fortified Foods and supplements, separately, each taking into account the intake from other dietary sources.
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Estimating safe maximum levels of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and food supplements
European journal of nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Albert Flynn, Laura Kehoe, Áine Hennessy, Janette WaltonAbstract:Purpose To show how safe maximum levels (SML) of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and supplements may be estimated in population subgroups.
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The role of Fortified Foods and nutritional supplements in increasing vitamin D intake in Irish preschool children.
European journal of nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Áine Hennessy, Janette Walton, Fiona Browne, Mairead Kiely, Albert FlynnAbstract:Purpose There are limited data on the contribution of Fortified Foods and nutritional supplements to intakes of vitamin D in young children. Our objective was to examine the intake, adequacy, risk of excessive intake and sources of dietary vitamin D.
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the impact of voluntary food fortification on micronutrient intakes and status in european countries a review
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2013Co-Authors: Áine Hennessy, J Walton, A FlynnAbstract:This review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of voluntary fortification as an option to address the occurrence of inadequate micronutrient intakes in population subgroups in Europe. Although legislation is harmonised across the European Union, fortification practices and patterns of consumption of Fortified Foods vary considerably between countries. While the proportion of children consuming Fortified Foods is greater than adults, the proportion of dietary energy obtained from Fortified Foods is generally low (
Laura Kehoe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of Fortified Foods and nutritional supplements in the diets of older Irish adults
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2020Co-Authors: Laura Kehoe, Janette Walton, Breige A. Mcnulty, Anne P. Nugent, Albert FlynnAbstract:AbstractLow intakes and suboptimal status of vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B12, folate and calcium have been reported in older adults across Europe. Dietary strategies to improve micronutrient intakes and status could include food fortification (mandatory or voluntary) and/or the use of nutritional supplements. This study aims to examine the impact of Fortified food consumption and nutritional supplement use on nutrient intakes and nutritional status of vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B12, dietary folate equivalents (DFE) and calcium in older Irish adults.Analyses were based on the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008–2010). A 4 day semi-weighed food record was used to collect food and beverage intake data (including nutritional supplement use) from a nationally representative sample of 1500 adults (226 older adults (≥ 65y)). Blood samples (n 1126 (n 145 ≥ 65y)) were collected, processed and analysed using standard operating procedures. Nutrient intakes were estimated using WISP© based on UK and Irish food composition data. Fortified Foods were identified as those that had one or more micronutrients added in the ingredient list and a nutritional supplement was defined as a supplement containing vitamins and/or minerals (i.e. excludes herbal/non-nutritional supplements). A Fortified food consumer or nutritional supplement user was defined as a participant who consumed a Fortified food or took a nutritional supplement at any time over the 4-day recording period. Usual intakes of micronutrients were calculated via the NCI-method using SAS© Enterprise Guide and analyses of biomarker data were carried out using SPSS©.The consumption of Fortified Foods and/or use of nutritional supplements increased mean intakes of vitamin D (3.6 to 6.9μg/d), riboflavin (1.6 to 2.3mg/d), vitamin B12 (4.5 to 6.0μg/d), DFE (228 to 408μg/d) and calcium (784 to 947mg/d) in older Irish adults and reduced the prevalence of inadequate intakes of these micronutrients by up to 40%. Furthermore, consumers of Fortified Foods and/or nutritional supplements had improved biomarker status and reduced prevalence of low/deficient status for vitamin D (62 vs 16%), riboflavin (65 vs 11%), vitamin B12 (8 vs 0%) and folate (serum folate:18 vs 0%; red blood cell folate: 0% across all groups) when compared to non-consumers.This study has shown that Fortified Foods and/or nutritional supplements represent an opportunity to improve intakes and status of key micronutrients in older adults. The data presented in this study will serve to inform the development and implementation of updated dietary recommendations for older adults in Ireland.
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Estimating safe maximum levels of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and food supplements
European Journal of Nutrition, 2017Co-Authors: Albert Flynn, Laura Kehoe, Áine Hennessy, Janette WaltonAbstract:Purpose To show how safe maximum levels (SML) of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and supplements may be estimated in population subgroups. Methods SML were estimated for adults and 7- to 10-year-old children for six nutrients (retinol, vitamins B6, D and E, folic acid, iron and calcium) using data on usual daily nutrient intakes from Irish national nutrition surveys. Results SML of nutrients in supplements were lower for children than for adults, except for calcium and iron. Daily energy intake from Fortified Foods in high consumers (95th percentile) varied by nutrient from 138 to 342 kcal in adults and 40–309 kcal in children. SML (/100 kcal) of nutrients in Fortified food were lower for children than adults for vitamins B6 and D, higher for vitamin E, with little difference for other nutrients. Including 25 % ‘overage’ for nutrients in Fortified Foods and supplements had little effect on SML. Nutritionally significant amounts of these nutrients can be added safely to supplements and Fortified Foods for these population subgroups. The estimated SML of nutrients in Fortified Foods and supplements may be considered safe for these population subgroups over the long term given the food composition and dietary patterns prevailing in the respective dietary surveys. Conclusions This risk assessment approach shows how nutrient intake data may be used to estimate, for population subgroups, the SML for vitamins and minerals in both Fortified Foods and supplements, separately, each taking into account the intake from other dietary sources.
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Estimating safe maximum levels of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and food supplements
European journal of nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Albert Flynn, Laura Kehoe, Áine Hennessy, Janette WaltonAbstract:Purpose To show how safe maximum levels (SML) of vitamins and minerals in Fortified Foods and supplements may be estimated in population subgroups.
Inge Tetens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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individual participant data ipd level meta analysis of randomised controlled trials with vitamin d Fortified Foods to estimate dietary reference values for vitamin d
European Journal of Nutrition, 2021Co-Authors: Kevin D Cashman, Mairead Kiely, Rikke Andersen, Ida Marie Gronborg, Katja Howarth Madsen, Janna Nissen, Inge Tetens, Laura Tripkovic, S A LanhamnewAbstract:Individual participant data-level meta-regression (IPD) analysis is superior to meta-regression based on aggregate data in determining Dietary Reference Values (DRV) for vitamin D. Using data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with vitamin D3-Fortified Foods, we undertook an IPD analysis of the response of winter serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) to total vitamin D intake among children and adults and derived DRV for vitamin D. IPD analysis using data from 1429 participants (ages 2–89 years) in 11 RCTs with vitamin D-Fortified Foods identified via a systematic review and predefined eligibility criteria. Outcome measures were vitamin D DRV estimates across a range of serum 25(OH)D thresholds using unadjusted and adjusted models. Our IPD-derived estimates of vitamin D intakes required to maintain 97.5% of winter 25(OH)D concentrations ≥ 25 and ≥ 30 nmol/L are 6 and 12 µg/day, respectively (unadjusted model). The intake estimates to maintain 90%, 95% and 97.5% of concentrations ≥ 50 nmol/L are 33.4, 57.5 and 92.3 µg/day, respectively (unadjusted) and 17.0, 28.1 and 43.6 µg/day, respectively (adjusted for mean values for baseline serum 25(OH)D, age and BMI). IPD-derived vitamin D intakes required to maintain 90%, 95% and 97.5% of winter 25(OH)D concentrations ≥ 50 nmol/L are much higher than those derived from standard meta-regression based on aggregate data, due to the inability of the latter to capture between person-variability. Our IPD provides further evidence that using food-based approaches to achieve an intake of 12 µg/day could prevent vitamin D deficiency (i.e., serum 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L) in the general population.
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Individual participant data (IPD)-level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with vitamin D-Fortified Foods to estimate Dietary Reference Values for vitamin D
European Journal of Nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Kevin D Cashman, Rikke Andersen, Ida Marie Gronborg, Katja Howarth Madsen, Janna Nissen, Inge Tetens, Laura Tripkovic, Mairead E. Kiely, Susan A. Lanham-new, Laura ToxquiAbstract:Context and purpose Individual participant data-level meta-regression (IPD) analysis is superior to meta-regression based on aggregate data in determining Dietary Reference Values (DRV) for vitamin D. Using data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with vitamin D_3-Fortified Foods, we undertook an IPD analysis of the response of winter serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) to total vitamin D intake among children and adults and derived DRV for vitamin D. Methods IPD analysis using data from 1429 participants (ages 2–89 years) in 11 RCTs with vitamin D-Fortified Foods identified via a systematic review and predefined eligibility criteria. Outcome measures were vitamin D DRV estimates across a range of serum 25(OH)D thresholds using unadjusted and adjusted models. Results Our IPD-derived estimates of vitamin D intakes required to maintain 97.5% of winter 25(OH)D concentrations ≥ 25 and ≥ 30 nmol/L are 6 and 12 µg/day, respectively (unadjusted model). The intake estimates to maintain 90%, 95% and 97.5% of concentrations ≥ 50 nmol/L are 33.4, 57.5 and 92.3 µg/day, respectively (unadjusted) and 17.0, 28.1 and 43.6 µg/day, respectively (adjusted for mean values for baseline serum 25(OH)D, age and BMI). Conclusions IPD-derived vitamin D intakes required to maintain 90%, 95% and 97.5% of winter 25(OH)D concentrations ≥ 50 nmol/L are much higher than those derived from standard meta-regression based on aggregate data, due to the inability of the latter to capture between person-variability. Our IPD provides further evidence that using food-based approaches to achieve an intake of 12 µg/day could prevent vitamin D deficiency (i.e., serum 25(OH)D
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effect of vitamin d Fortified Foods on bone markers and muscle strength in women of pakistani and danish origin living in denmark a randomised controlled trial
Nutrition Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Ida Marie Gronborg, Inge Tetens, Elisabeth Wreford Andersen, Michael Kristensen, Rikke Larsen, Thanh L L Tran, Rikke AndersenAbstract:Deficient and insufficient vitamin D status (defined as serum 25(OH)D 50 nmol/L) is prevalent worldwide and associated with decreased muscle strength and poor bone health. We aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D fortification on bone markers and muscle strength among younger adult women at risk of vitamin D deficiency. A 12-week randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled winter intervention trial, providing 30 μg vitamin D3/day through Fortified yoghurt, cheese, eggs and crisp-bread or similar placebo products. Participants were 143 women of Danish and Pakistani origin 18–50 years of age, living in Denmark, randomised into four groups stratified by ethnicity. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) by LC-MS/MS and the secondary endpoints: four specific bone markers (osteocalcin (OC), Bone specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BALP), Procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX)) and three muscle strength measures (handgrip, knee extension strength, chair-standing), were assessed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD and subsequent linear ANCOVA models, adjusted for relevant covariates. Significantly increased serum 25(OH)D concentration from 53.3 (17) to 77.8 (14) nmol/L and from 44.5 (21) to 54.7 (18) nmol/L among Danish and Pakistani women in the Fortified groups, respectively (P < 0.05). The bone turnover markers OC, BALP, P1NP and CTX did not change significantly. Muscle strength by handgrip, knee extension and chair-standing test did not change significantly following the intervention. Consumption of vitamin D Fortified Foods for 12 weeks did not result in significant changes of the bone turnover markers OC, BALP, P1NP and CTX. Muscle strength measured as hand grip strength, knee extension strength and chair-standing did not change significantly following the intervention.