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Stephen Mcloughlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fossilized spermatozoa preserved in a 50 myr old annelid cocoon from antarctica
Biology Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Benjamin Bomfleur, Thomas Mors, Marco Ferraguti, Marcelo Reguero, Stephen McloughlinAbstract:The origin and evolution of clitellate annelids—earthworms, leeches and their relatives—is poorly understood, partly because body Fossils of these delicate organisms are exceedingly rare. The distinctive egg cases (cocoons) of Clitellata, however, are relatively common in the Fossil record, although their potential for phylogenetic studies has remained largely unexplored. Here, we report the remarkable discovery of Fossilized spermatozoa preserved within the secreted wall layers of a 50-Myr-old clitellate cocoon from Antarctica, representing the oldest Fossil Animal sperm yet known. Sperm characters are highly informative for the classification of extant Annelida. The Antarctic Fossil spermatozoa have several features that point to affinities with the peculiar, leech-like ‘crayfish worms’ (Branchiobdellida). We anticipate that systematic surveys of cocoon Fossils coupled with advances in non-destructive analytical methods may open a new window into the evolution of minute, soft-bodied life forms that are otherwise only rarely observed in the Fossil record.
Benjamin Bomfleur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fossilized spermatozoa preserved in a 50 myr old annelid cocoon from antarctica
Biology Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Benjamin Bomfleur, Thomas Mors, Marco Ferraguti, Marcelo Reguero, Stephen McloughlinAbstract:The origin and evolution of clitellate annelids—earthworms, leeches and their relatives—is poorly understood, partly because body Fossils of these delicate organisms are exceedingly rare. The distinctive egg cases (cocoons) of Clitellata, however, are relatively common in the Fossil record, although their potential for phylogenetic studies has remained largely unexplored. Here, we report the remarkable discovery of Fossilized spermatozoa preserved within the secreted wall layers of a 50-Myr-old clitellate cocoon from Antarctica, representing the oldest Fossil Animal sperm yet known. Sperm characters are highly informative for the classification of extant Annelida. The Antarctic Fossil spermatozoa have several features that point to affinities with the peculiar, leech-like ‘crayfish worms’ (Branchiobdellida). We anticipate that systematic surveys of cocoon Fossils coupled with advances in non-destructive analytical methods may open a new window into the evolution of minute, soft-bodied life forms that are otherwise only rarely observed in the Fossil record.
Sykes Naomi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The relationship between the phosphate and structural carbonate fractionation of fallow deer bioapatite in tooth enamel
'Wiley', 2019Co-Authors: Miller Holly, Chenery Carolyn, Lamb, Angela L., Sloane Hilary, Carden, Ruth F., Atici Levent, Sykes NaomiAbstract:RationaleThe species‐specific relationship between phosphate (δ18OP values) and structural carbonate (δ18OC values) oxygen isotope ratios has been established for several modern and Fossil Animal species but until now it has not been investigated in European fallow deer (Dama dama dama). This study describes the relationship between phosphate and structural carbonate bioapatite in tooth enamel of extant fallow deer, which will help us further understand the species’ unique environmental and cultural history. MethodsThe oxygen isotope composition of phosphate (δ18OP value) and structural carbonate (δ18OC value) of hydroxylapatite was determined in 51 modern fallow deer tooth enamel samples from across Europe and West Asia. THe δ18OC values were measured on a GV IsoPrime dual inlet mass spectrometer and the δ18OP values on a TC/EA coupled to a DeltaPlus XL isotope ratio mass spectrometer via a ConFlo III interface. ResultsThis study establishes a direct and linear relationship between the δ18OC and δ18OP values from fallow deer tooth enamel (δ18OC = +9.244(+/‐0.216) +0.958 * δ18OP (+/‐0.013)). Despite the successful regression, the variation in δ18O values from samples collected in the same geographical area is greater than expected, although the results cluster in broad climatic groupings when Koppen‐Geiger classifications are taken into account for the individuals’ locations. ConclusionsThis is the first comprehensive study of the relationship between ionic forms of oxygen (phosphate oxygen and structural carbonate) in fallow deer dental enamel. The new equation will allow direct comparison with other herbivore data. Variable δ18O values within populations of fallow deer broadly reflect the ecological zones they are found in which may explain this pattern of results in other euryphagic species
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The relationship between the phosphate and structural carbonate fractionation of fallow deer bioapatite in tooth enamel
'Wiley', 2019Co-Authors: Miller Holly, Chenery Carolyn, Lamb, Angela L., Sloane Hilary, Carden, Ruth F., Atici Levent, Sykes NaomiAbstract:The species‐specific relationship between phosphate (δ18OP values) and structural carbonate (δ18OC values) oxygen isotope ratios has been established for several modern and Fossil Animal species but until now it has not been investigated in European fallow deer (Dama dama dama). This study describes the relationship between phosphate and structural carbonate bioapatite in tooth enamel of extant fallow deer, which will help us further understand the species' unique environmental and cultural history. Methods The oxygen isotope composition of phosphate (δ18OP value) and structural carbonate (δ18OC value) of hydroxylapatite was determined in 51 modern fallow deer tooth enamel samples from across Europe and West Asia. The δ18OC values were measured on a GV IsoPrime dual‐inlet mass spectrometer and the δ18OP values on a temperature‐controlled elemental analyser (TC/EA) coupled to a DeltaPlus XL isotope ratio mass spectrometer via a ConFlo III interface. Results This study establishes a direct and linear relationship between the δ18OC and δ18OP values from fallow deer tooth enamel (δ18OC = +9.244(±0.216) + 0.958 * δ18OP (±0.013)). Despite the successful regression, the variation in δ18O values from samples collected in the same geographical area is greater than expected, although the results cluster in broad climatic groupings when Koppen‐Geiger classifications are taken into account for the individuals' locations. Conclusions This is the first comprehensive study of the relationship between ionic forms of oxygen (phosphate oxygen and structural carbonate) in fallow deer dental enamel. The new equation will allow direct comparison with other herbivore data. Variable δ18O values within populations of fallow deer broadly reflect the ecological zones they are found in which may explain this pattern of results in other euryphagic species
Thomas Mors - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fossilized spermatozoa preserved in a 50 myr old annelid cocoon from antarctica
Biology Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Benjamin Bomfleur, Thomas Mors, Marco Ferraguti, Marcelo Reguero, Stephen McloughlinAbstract:The origin and evolution of clitellate annelids—earthworms, leeches and their relatives—is poorly understood, partly because body Fossils of these delicate organisms are exceedingly rare. The distinctive egg cases (cocoons) of Clitellata, however, are relatively common in the Fossil record, although their potential for phylogenetic studies has remained largely unexplored. Here, we report the remarkable discovery of Fossilized spermatozoa preserved within the secreted wall layers of a 50-Myr-old clitellate cocoon from Antarctica, representing the oldest Fossil Animal sperm yet known. Sperm characters are highly informative for the classification of extant Annelida. The Antarctic Fossil spermatozoa have several features that point to affinities with the peculiar, leech-like ‘crayfish worms’ (Branchiobdellida). We anticipate that systematic surveys of cocoon Fossils coupled with advances in non-destructive analytical methods may open a new window into the evolution of minute, soft-bodied life forms that are otherwise only rarely observed in the Fossil record.
Marcelo Reguero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fossilized spermatozoa preserved in a 50 myr old annelid cocoon from antarctica
Biology Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Benjamin Bomfleur, Thomas Mors, Marco Ferraguti, Marcelo Reguero, Stephen McloughlinAbstract:The origin and evolution of clitellate annelids—earthworms, leeches and their relatives—is poorly understood, partly because body Fossils of these delicate organisms are exceedingly rare. The distinctive egg cases (cocoons) of Clitellata, however, are relatively common in the Fossil record, although their potential for phylogenetic studies has remained largely unexplored. Here, we report the remarkable discovery of Fossilized spermatozoa preserved within the secreted wall layers of a 50-Myr-old clitellate cocoon from Antarctica, representing the oldest Fossil Animal sperm yet known. Sperm characters are highly informative for the classification of extant Annelida. The Antarctic Fossil spermatozoa have several features that point to affinities with the peculiar, leech-like ‘crayfish worms’ (Branchiobdellida). We anticipate that systematic surveys of cocoon Fossils coupled with advances in non-destructive analytical methods may open a new window into the evolution of minute, soft-bodied life forms that are otherwise only rarely observed in the Fossil record.