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Lucy L Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Four broad Temperament dimensions description convergent validation correlations and comparison with the big five
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Helen E Fisher, Heide D Island, Jonathan Rich, Daniel Marchalik, Lucy L BrownAbstract:A new Temperament construct based on recent brain physiology literature has been investigated using the Fisher Temperament Inventory (FTI). Four collections of behaviors emerged, each associated with a specific neural system: the dopamine, serotonin, testosterone and estrogen/oxytocin system. These Four Temperament suites have been designated: 1) Curious/Energetic, 2) Cautious/Social Norm Compliant, 3) Analytical/Tough-minded, and 4) Prosocial/Empathetic Temperament dimensions. Two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have suggested that the FTI can measure the influence of these neural systems. In this paper, to further the behavioral validation and characterization of the Four proposed Temperament dimensions, we measured correlations with five variables: 1) gender; 2) level of education; 3) religious preference; 4) political orientation; 5) the degree to which an individual regards sex as essential to a successful relationship. Subjects were 39,913 anonymous members of a US Internet dating site and 70,000+ members in six other countries. Correlations with the five variables characterize the Fisher Temperament Inventory and are consistent with mechanisms using the proposed neuromodulators. We also report on an analysis between the FTI and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, using a college sample (n=215), which showed convergent validity. The results provide novel correlates not available in other questionnaires: religiosity, political orientation and attitudes about sex in a relationship. Also, an Eigen analysis replicated the Four clusters of co-varying items. The FTI, with its broad systems and non-pathologic factors complements existing personality questionnaires. It provides an index of some brain systems that contribute to Temperament, and may be useful in psychotherapy, business, medicine, and the legal community.
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neural correlates of Four broad Temperament dimensions testing predictions for a novel construct of personality
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Lucy L Brown, Bianca P Acevedo, Helen E FisherAbstract:Four suites of behavioral traits have been associated with Four broad neural systems: the 1) dopamine and related norepinephrine system; 2) serotonin; 3) testosterone; 4) and estrogen and oxytocin system. A 56-item questionnaire, the Fisher Temperament Inventory (FTI), was developed to define Four Temperament dimensions associated with these behavioral traits and neural systems. The questionnaire has been used to suggest romantic partner compatibility. The dimensions were named: Curious/Energetic; Cautious/Social Norm Compliant; Analytical/Tough-minded; and Prosocial/Empathetic. For the present study, the FTI was administered to participants in two functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that elicited feelings of love and attachment, near-universal human experiences. Scores for the Curious/Energetic dimension co-varied with activation in a region of the substantia nigra, consistent with the prediction that this dimension reflects activity in the dopamine system. Scores for the Cautious/Social Norm Compliant dimension correlated with activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in regions associated with social norm compliance, a trait linked with the serotonin system. Scores on the Analytical/Tough-minded scale co-varied with activity in regions of the occipital and parietal cortices associated with visual acuity and mathematical thinking, traits linked with testosterone. Also, testosterone contributes to brain architecture in these areas. Scores on the Prosocial/Empathetic scale correlated with activity in regions of the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior insula and fusiform gyrus. These are regions associated with mirror neurons or empathy, a trait linked with the estrogen/oxytocin system, and where estrogen contributes to brain architecture. These findings, replicated across two studies, suggest that the FTI measures influences of Four broad neural systems, and that these Temperament dimensions and neural systems could constitute foundational mechanisms in personality structure and play a role in romantic partnerships.
Helen E Fisher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Four broad Temperament dimensions description convergent validation correlations and comparison with the big five
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Helen E Fisher, Heide D Island, Jonathan Rich, Daniel Marchalik, Lucy L BrownAbstract:A new Temperament construct based on recent brain physiology literature has been investigated using the Fisher Temperament Inventory (FTI). Four collections of behaviors emerged, each associated with a specific neural system: the dopamine, serotonin, testosterone and estrogen/oxytocin system. These Four Temperament suites have been designated: 1) Curious/Energetic, 2) Cautious/Social Norm Compliant, 3) Analytical/Tough-minded, and 4) Prosocial/Empathetic Temperament dimensions. Two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have suggested that the FTI can measure the influence of these neural systems. In this paper, to further the behavioral validation and characterization of the Four proposed Temperament dimensions, we measured correlations with five variables: 1) gender; 2) level of education; 3) religious preference; 4) political orientation; 5) the degree to which an individual regards sex as essential to a successful relationship. Subjects were 39,913 anonymous members of a US Internet dating site and 70,000+ members in six other countries. Correlations with the five variables characterize the Fisher Temperament Inventory and are consistent with mechanisms using the proposed neuromodulators. We also report on an analysis between the FTI and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, using a college sample (n=215), which showed convergent validity. The results provide novel correlates not available in other questionnaires: religiosity, political orientation and attitudes about sex in a relationship. Also, an Eigen analysis replicated the Four clusters of co-varying items. The FTI, with its broad systems and non-pathologic factors complements existing personality questionnaires. It provides an index of some brain systems that contribute to Temperament, and may be useful in psychotherapy, business, medicine, and the legal community.
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neural correlates of Four broad Temperament dimensions testing predictions for a novel construct of personality
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Lucy L Brown, Bianca P Acevedo, Helen E FisherAbstract:Four suites of behavioral traits have been associated with Four broad neural systems: the 1) dopamine and related norepinephrine system; 2) serotonin; 3) testosterone; 4) and estrogen and oxytocin system. A 56-item questionnaire, the Fisher Temperament Inventory (FTI), was developed to define Four Temperament dimensions associated with these behavioral traits and neural systems. The questionnaire has been used to suggest romantic partner compatibility. The dimensions were named: Curious/Energetic; Cautious/Social Norm Compliant; Analytical/Tough-minded; and Prosocial/Empathetic. For the present study, the FTI was administered to participants in two functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that elicited feelings of love and attachment, near-universal human experiences. Scores for the Curious/Energetic dimension co-varied with activation in a region of the substantia nigra, consistent with the prediction that this dimension reflects activity in the dopamine system. Scores for the Cautious/Social Norm Compliant dimension correlated with activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in regions associated with social norm compliance, a trait linked with the serotonin system. Scores on the Analytical/Tough-minded scale co-varied with activity in regions of the occipital and parietal cortices associated with visual acuity and mathematical thinking, traits linked with testosterone. Also, testosterone contributes to brain architecture in these areas. Scores on the Prosocial/Empathetic scale correlated with activity in regions of the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior insula and fusiform gyrus. These are regions associated with mirror neurons or empathy, a trait linked with the estrogen/oxytocin system, and where estrogen contributes to brain architecture. These findings, replicated across two studies, suggest that the FTI measures influences of Four broad neural systems, and that these Temperament dimensions and neural systems could constitute foundational mechanisms in personality structure and play a role in romantic partnerships.
Liisa Keltikangas-järvinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Testosterone and Temperament traits in men: Longitudinal analysis
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2013Co-Authors: Ilmari Määttänen, Taina Hintsa, Sonja Firtser, Antti Jula, Mika Kahonen, Olli T Raitakari, Markus Jokela, Liisa Keltikangas-järvinenAbstract:Summary Testosterone is the main male hormone that has been associated with various behavioral traits in humans and other animals. We investigated whether levels of total testosterone, free testosterone, and sex hormone binding globulin were associated with Temperament traits in a population-based sample of Finnish men at two measurement times taken 6 years apart (n = 686 in year 2001, n = 727 in year 2007). Temperament was assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory that consists of Four Temperament traits: novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence. Higher levels of total and free testosterone were associated with higher novelty seeking (standardized B = 0.103, p < 0.001). This association was also observed in a longitudinal within-person analysis (B = 0.084, p = 0.008), suggesting that the association is not confounded by stable between-individual differences in other characteristics. Within-individual variation in total testosterone was associated with higher reward dependence, and higher levels of free testosterone were marginally associated with higher reward dependence. Reward dependence reflects the importance of social rewards to an individual. These results provide additional evidence for the stable and time-varying associations between testosterone and Temperament in humans.
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Testosterone and Temperament traits in men: Longitudinal analysis
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2013Co-Authors: Ilmari Määttänen, Taina Hintsa, Sonja Firtser, Antti Jula, Mika Kahonen, Olli T Raitakari, Markus Jokela, Liisa Keltikangas-järvinenAbstract:Testosterone is the main male hormone that has been associated with various behavioral traits in humans and other animals. We investigated whether levels of total testosterone, free testosterone, and sex hormone binding globulin were associated with Temperament traits in a population-based sample of Finnish men at two measurement times taken 6 years apart (n= 686 in year 2001, n= 727 in year 2007). Temperament was assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory that consists of Four Temperament traits: novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence. Higher levels of total and free testosterone were associated with higher novelty seeking (standardized B= 0.103, p< 0.001). This association was also observed in a longitudinal within-person analysis (B= 0.084, p= 0.008), suggesting that the association is not confounded by stable between-individual differences in other characteristics. Within-individual variation in total testosterone was associated with higher reward dependence, and higher levels of free testosterone were marginally associated with higher reward dependence. Reward dependence reflects the importance of social rewards to an individual. These results provide additional evidence for the stable and time-varying associations between testosterone and Temperament in humans. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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Adult Temperament and childbearing over the life course
European Journal of Personality, 2009Co-Authors: Markus Jokela, Taina Hintsa, Mirka Hintsanen, Liisa Keltikangas-järvinenAbstract:Emerging evidence suggests that Temperament may predict childbearing. We examined the association between Four Temperament traits (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence of the Temperament and Character Inventory) and childbearing over the life course in the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study (n = 1535; 985 women, 550 men). Temperament was assessed when the participants were aged 20–35 and fertility history from adolescence to adulthood was reported by the participants at age 30–45. Discrete-time survival analysis modelling indicated that high childbearing probability was predicted by low novelty seeking (standardized OR = 0.92; 95% confidence interval 0.88–0.97), low harm avoidance (OR = 0.90; 0.85–0.95), high reward dependence (OR = 1.09; 1.03–1.15) and low persistence (OR = 0.91; 0.87–0.96) with no sex differences or quadratic effects. These associations grew stronger with increase in numbers of children. The findings were substantially the same in a completely prospective analysis. Adjusting for education did not influence the associations. Despite its negative association with overall childbearing, high novelty seeking increased the probability of having children in participants who were not living with a partner (OR = 1.29; 1.12–1.49). These data provide novel evidence for the role of Temperament in influencing childbearing, and suggest possible weak natural selection of Temperament traits in contemporary humans. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Michael C Stallings - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Using Cloninger's Temperament scales to predict substance-related behaviors in adolescents: a prospective longitudinal study.
American Journal on Addictions, 2013Co-Authors: Christie A. Hartman, John K Hewitt, Christian J. Hopfer, Robin P. Corley, Michael C StallingsAbstract:Background and Objectives We tested one of Cloninger's Temperament theories – that high novelty seeking (NS), along with low harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD), and persistence (PE), predicts early-onset substance problems. Methods In a community-based sample of 777 adolescents examined at two time points (mean age 13 and 18, respectively), we examined whether Cloninger's Four Temperament dimensions at wave 1 predicted five substance-related outcomes at wave 2: age of initiation for cigarettes, alcohol, and illicit drugs, number of substance classes tried, and total number of DSM-IV substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms. Results Cloninger's predicted Temperament pattern did significantly predict the number of SUD symptoms at wave 2. For initiation of cigarettes/illicit drugs and number of substance classes tried, HA/NS/PE fit the pattern, but RD did not. For onset of alcohol, only NS and PE fit Cloninger's prediction. Results for NS and PE were most consistent. Conclusions and Scientific Significance Overall, this study provides evidence that Cloninger's theory may hold true for predicting problem use more than for predicting “use” or experimentation. In addition, youth with high novelty seeking and low persistence may find substances especially reinforcing, and identifying these youth and intervening before initiation has occurred may reduce the risk of future substance-related problems. (Am J Addict 2013; 22:246–251)
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genetic and environmental structure of the tridimensional personality questionnaire three or Four Temperament dimensions
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1996Co-Authors: Michael C Stallings, John K Hewitt, Robert C Cloninger, Andrew C Heath, Lindon J EavesAbstract:Previous phenotypic factor analyses suggest that C. R. Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ; 1987c) assesses 4 rather than 3 Temperament dimensions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Cloninger's revised 4-factor model showed incremental validity over his original model and to investigate the convergent and discriminant validity of Cloninger's dimensions in comparison to the personality dimensions proposed by H. J. Eysenck (1981) and J. A. Gray (1970). The sample included 2,420 women and 870 men (aged 50-96) from a volunteer population-based sample of twins. Joint phenotypic factor analyses supported Goninger's 4-dimensional Temperament model. A 4-dimensional genetical factor structure was also confirmed in genetic analyses of the TPQ higher order dimensions in women. For men only 3 genetic factors were necessary to explain the genetic variance among the TPQ dimensions.
Lindon J Eaves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic and environmental structure of the tridimensional personality questionnaire three or Four Temperament dimensions
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1996Co-Authors: Michael C Stallings, John K Hewitt, Robert C Cloninger, Andrew C Heath, Lindon J EavesAbstract:Previous phenotypic factor analyses suggest that C. R. Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ; 1987c) assesses 4 rather than 3 Temperament dimensions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Cloninger's revised 4-factor model showed incremental validity over his original model and to investigate the convergent and discriminant validity of Cloninger's dimensions in comparison to the personality dimensions proposed by H. J. Eysenck (1981) and J. A. Gray (1970). The sample included 2,420 women and 870 men (aged 50-96) from a volunteer population-based sample of twins. Joint phenotypic factor analyses supported Goninger's 4-dimensional Temperament model. A 4-dimensional genetical factor structure was also confirmed in genetic analyses of the TPQ higher order dimensions in women. For men only 3 genetic factors were necessary to explain the genetic variance among the TPQ dimensions.