The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gina Joubert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The nutritional status of Grade 1 pupils, in Bloemfontein, South Africa and its association with socio-demographic data : original research
African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Hanneke Brits, Riana Augustyn, Elzette Bezuidenhout, Marisa Cillie, Roelof J.v. Vuuren, Gina JoubertAbstract:Background : Despite the fact that UNICEF declared Freedom from Hunger and malnutrition a basic human right in 1948, more than 20 million children were severely malnourished in 2010 and a further 170 million were stunted. Malnutrition attributes to >50% of child deaths by potentiating infectious diseases. Objectives : The aim of this study was to determine the extent of malnutrition in Grade 1 pupils in public sector schools in Bloemfontein. An objective of the study was to identify relationships between socio-economic parameters and malnutrition. Method : Grade 1 pupils from ten public schools in Bloemfontein, selected from a random table, were included in the study. Their parents/caregivers gave informed consent and completed a questionnaire regarding baseline characteristics and feeding practices at home. The children were then weighed and measured, and the 2007 WHO Growth Reference for school-aged children and adolescents used as reference. Results : A total of 187 children were included in the study. The combination of underweight, wasting and stunting gave an 18% prevalence of malnutrition in this study. A BMI of less than the fifth percentile occurred in 27% of the pupils. Factors positively associated with malnutrition included: Absence of a fridge and/or running water in the house and low education and/or unemployment of parents. Illness in the previous month was reported by 41% of the malnourished children. Conclusion : As socio-economic factors that contribute to malnutrition are now known, teachers will be able to identify and refer children with or at risk of malnutrition and indirectly decrease child mortality. L'etat nutritionnel des eleves de 1re annee, a Bloemfontein, Afrique du Sud et son association avec des donnees socio-demographiques Contexte : Bien que l'UNICEF ait declare que l'eradication de la faim et de la malnutrition etait un droit fondamental en 1948, plus de 20 millions d'enfants etaient severement malnutris en 2010, et 170 millions d'enfants supplementaires souffraient d'un retard de croissance. La malnutrition est responsable de plus de 50% des deces d'enfants car elle augmente le risque de maladies infectieuses. Objectifs : L'objectif de cette etude etait de determiner l'ampleur de la malnutrition chez les enfants en premiere annee d'ecole primaire dans les ecoles du secteur public de Bloemfontein. L'un des objectifs de l'etude etait d'identifier les relations qui existent entre parametres socioeconomiques et malnutrition. Methode : Les eleves en premiere annee de primaire de dix ecoles publiques de Bloemfontein, selectionnees a partir d'un tableau aleatoire, ont ete inclus dans l'etude. Leurs parents/ aidants ont donne leur consentement eclaire et ont repondu a un questionnaire traitant des caracteristiques de reference et les pratiques alimentaires a la maison. Les enfants etaient ensuite peses et mesures, et la Reference de croissance pour les enfants d'âge scolaire et les adolescents de l'OMS a ete utilise comme reference. Resultats : 187 enfants ont ete inclus dans l'etude. La combinaison d'insuffisance ponderale, d'amaigrissement et de retard de croissance indiquait une prevalence de malnutrition de 18% dans cette etude. Un IMC inferieur au cinquieme percentile etait observe chez 27% des eleves. Les facteurs positivement associes a la malnutrition incluaient: l'absence de refrigerateur et/ ou d'eau courante a la maison et le faible niveau d'education et/ou le chomage des parents. Une maladie au cours du mois precedent a ete rapportee par 41% des enfants malnutris. Conclusion : Maintenant que les facteurs socioeconomiques contribuant a la malnutrition sont connus, les enseignants pourront identifier et orienter les enfants souffrant de malnutrition ou exposes a un risque de malnutrition et reduire indirectement la mortalite infantile.
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The nutritional status of Grade 1 pupils, in Bloemfontein, South Africa and its association with socio-demographic data
African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Hanneke Brits, Riana Augustyn, Elzette Bezuidenhout, Marisa Cillie, Roelof J.v. Vuuren, Gina JoubertAbstract:Background: Despite the fact that UNICEF declared Freedom from Hunger and malnutrition abasic human right in 1948, more than 20 million children were severely malnourished in 2010 and a further 170 million were stunted. Malnutrition attributes to > 50% of child deaths by potentiating infectious diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the extent of malnutrition in Grade 1 pupils in public sector schools in Bloemfontein. An objective of the study was to identify relationships between socio-economic parameters and malnutrition. Method: Grade 1 pupils from ten public schools in Bloemfontein, selected from a random table, were included in the study. Their parents/caregivers gave informed consent and completed a questionnaire regarding baseline characteristics and feeding practices at home.The children were then weighed and measured, and the 2007 WHO Growth Reference forschool-aged children and adolescents used as reference. Results: A total of 187 children were included in the study. The combination of underweight, wasting and stunting gave an 18% prevalence of malnutrition in this study. A BMI of less than the fifth percentile occurred in 27% of the pupils. Factors positively associated withmalnutrition included: Absence of a fridge and/or running water in the house and loweducation and/or unemployment of parents. Illness in the previous month was reported by 41% of the malnourished children. Conclusion: As socio-economic factors that contribute to malnutrition are now known, teachers will be able to identify and refer children with or at risk of malnutrition and indirectly decrease child mortality.
John Wilkinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Food security and the global agrifood system: Ethical issues in historical and sociological perspective
Global Food Security, 2015Co-Authors: John WilkinsonAbstract:The world food system was developed under the auspices of free trade. Very quickly though free trade was countered with protectionism in the form of policies favoring national and cultural food security. The traumas of World War led to the introduction of international commitments on individual rights with respect to labor and the right to Freedom from Hunger. from the seventies, the pendulum swung back in favor of free trade, this time provoking a response in the form of fair and ethical trade. The introduction of new food markets promoted by social movements as from the eighties where values were attached to the conditions and processes of production rather than the product itself led to agriculture and food markets becoming imbued with ethical attributes. At the same time, an increasingly holistic concept of food security became adopted in international forums pointing to the need for policies which were no longer reducible to food aid. While for a period, broader ethical values were identified only with alternative food networks, as from the turn of the new millennium, under the collective umbrella of economic, social and environmental sustainability, they became adopted by the global agri-food players as the triple bottom line for all agricultural and food markets. Although a new consensus has been achieved on the centrality of sustainability and food security a range of tensions and conflicts persist over the relation between food security and trade, investment, biofuels, producer and consumer rights, animal welfare, nature and the environment.
S. M. Abeyesinghe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Measuring the success of a farm animal welfare education event
Animal Welfare, 2012Co-Authors: Jeffrey Jamieson, M. J. Reiss, Christopher M. Wathes, D. Allen, Lucy Asher, S. M. AbeyesingheAbstract:Education of children about farm animal welfare could affect welfare standards, through influence on current and future purchasing of animal products, and improve general consideration for animals. Establishing success requires evaluation. Here, a farm animal educational event for 13 to 14 year-old schoolchildren, focusing on chicken biology, welfare and food labelling, was assessed. Alterations in knowledge, attitude and a proxy measure of behaviour towards animals and their welfare, key aspects expected to impact on animal welfare, were investigated using questionnaires. These key aspects were predicted to increase following event attendance and remain higher than in the non-attending control group three months later. Knowledge and positive behaviour towards specific poultry species increased significantly in attendees but, although remaining greater than pre-attenda nce, tended to diminish over time. Value afforded to animal life was unaffected by the event. Consideration of welfare needs was significantly greater overall in attendees than non-attendees, but appeared to be characteristic of children choosing to attend the event, rather than the event per se. Importance attributed to animal welfare followed a hierarchy from survival-relevant, eg Freedom from Hunger and thirst, to less critical needs, eg stimulation. The specific species under consideration had the most significant effect on attitudes; consistent with predictions based on perceptions of the animals' 'complexity', cognitive ability, similarity to humans and use. Further investigation into the aetiology of attitude and potential barriers to attitude change is required to effect attitude change and determine whether attitude alteration could support maintenance of shifts in knowledge and behaviour. © 2012 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare The Old School.
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Measuring the success of a farm animal welfare education event
Animal Welfare, 2012Co-Authors: Jeffrey Jamieson, M. J. Reiss, Christopher M. Wathes, Laura Asher, D. Allen, S. M. AbeyesingheAbstract:Education of children about farm animal welfare could affect welfare standards, through influence on current and future purchasing of animal products, and improve general consideration for animals. Establishing success requires evaluation. Here, a farm animal educational event for 13 to 14 year-old schoolchildren, focusing on chicken biology, welfare and food labelling, was assessed. Alterations in knowledge, attitude and a proxy measure of behaviour towards animals and their welfare, key aspects expected to impact on animal welfare, were investigated using questionnaires. These key aspects were predicted to increase following event attendance and remain higher than in the non-attending control group three months later. Knowledge and positive behaviour towards specific poultry species increased significantly in attendees but, although remaining greater than pre-attendance, tended to diminish over time. Value afforded to animal life was unaffected by the event. Consideration of welfare needs was significantly greater overall in attendees than non-attendees, but appeared to be characteristic of children choosing to attend the event, rather than the event per se. Importance attributed to animal welfare followed a hierarchy from survival-relevant, eg Freedom from Hunger and thirst, to less critical needs, eg stimulation. The specific species under consideration had the most significant effect on attitudes; consistent with predictions based on perceptions of the animals' 'complexity', cognitive ability, similarity to humans and use. Further investigation into the aetiology of attitude and potential barriers to attitude change is required to effect attitude change and determine whether attitude alteration could support maintenance of shifts in knowledge and behaviour.
Alistair Lawrence - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Freedom from Hunger and preventing obesity the animal welfare implications of reducing food quantity or quality
Animal Behaviour, 2009Co-Authors: Richard B Death, B J Tolkamp, I Kyriazakis, Alistair LawrenceAbstract:In animals, including humans, free access to high-quality (generally energy-dense) food can result in obesity, leading to physiological and health problems. Consequently, various captive animals, including laboratory and companion animals and certain farm animals, are often kept on a restricted diet. Quantitative restriction of food is associated with signs of Hunger such as increases in feeding motivation, activity and redirected oral behaviours which may develop into stereotypies. An alternative approach to energy intake restriction is to provide more food, but of a reduced quality. Such alternative diets are usually high in fibre and have lower energy density. The benefits of these alternative diets for animals are controversial: some authors argue that they result in more normal feeding behaviour, promote satiety and so improve animal welfare; others argue that ‘metabolic Hunger’ remains no matter how the restriction of energy intake and weight gain is achieved. We discuss the different arguments behind this controversy, focusing on two well-researched cases of food-restricted farmed livestock: pregnant sows and broiler breeders. Disagreement between experts results from differences in assumptions about what determines and controls feeding behaviour and food intake, from the methodology of assessing animal Hunger and from the weighting placed on ‘naturalness’ of behaviour as a determinant of welfare. Problems with commonly used behavioural and physiological measures of Hunger are discussed. Future research into animal feeding preferences, in particular the relative weight placed on food quantity and quality, would be valuable, alongside more fundamental research into the changes in feeding physiology associated with alternative diets.
Carla Forte Maiolino Molento - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Perception of sheep welfare and sentience by citizens of Curitiba, Parana, Brazil and Clermont-Ferrand, Theix, France.
2020Co-Authors: Priscilla Regina Tamioso, Daniel Santiago Rucinque, Mara Miele, Carla Forte Maiolino MolentoAbstract:We compared the perception of citizens from Curitiba, Parana, Brazil (B) and Clermont-Ferrand, Theix, France (F), concerning sheep welfare and sentience. Animal welfare was defined mainly using terms associated with Freedom from fear and distress, Freedom from Hunger, thirst and malnutrition, and Freedom from discomfort. A total of 46.9% B believed that welfare is not taken into consideration for farm animals, in contrast with 3.7% F (P
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Attitudes of South Brazilian sheep farmers to animal welfare and sentience
Ciencia Rural, 2017Co-Authors: Priscilla Regina Tamioso, Paulo Ricardo Bittencourt Guimarães, Carla Forte Maiolino MolentoAbstract:ABSTRACT: We investigated self-reported attitudes of 148 South Brazilian sheep farmers to animal welfare and sentience. Many farmers (73.0%) knew animal welfare superficially. Farmers that worked for longer in the sheep industry and that raised sheep for commercial purposes mentioned more commonly that they had knowledge about animal welfare (P<0.05). Terms related to Freedom from Hunger, thirst and malnutrition were the most used to define animal welfare, cited 24.9% of the times. The majority claimed that their animals experience good levels of welfare (93.2%), especially farmers that kept bigger flocks (P<0.05). However, many respondents believed that sheep welfare could be improved on their farms (71.6%), mainly farmers with less experience in the sheep industry (P<0.01). High scores of sentience were attributed to sheep by farmers with frequent contact with their animals (P<0.05). According to the farmers, castration causes the highest levels of suffering to sheep (32.4%) and shearing, the lowest (50.0%). South Brazilian farmer knowledge about animal welfare, attitudes to sentience and recognition of suffering need improvement.
