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Carlos M Silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction of quercus cerris cork towards extraction yield and selectivity to Friedelin
Separation and Purification Technology, 2020Co-Authors: M M R De Melo, Ali şen, Helena Pereira, Ines Portugal, P G Vieira, Carlos M SilvaAbstract:Abstract Optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction of Quercus cerris cork was carried out using Box-Behnken design of experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized process variables were temperature ( T : 40, 50 and 60 °C), ethanol content (EtOH: 0.0, 2.5 and 5.0 wt%) and CO2 flow rate ( Q C O 2 : 5, 8 and 11 g m i n - 1 ) . The studied responses were total extraction yield ( η T o t a l ), Friedelin concentration of the extract ( C F r i e d e l i n ), and selectivity towards Friedelin ( α F , n F ). The linear effect of EtOH was by far the most influent operating condition (Pareto analysis) and the highest yield ( η T o t a l = 2.2 wt%) was attained with 5.0 wt% EtOH. The RSM model estimates maximum Friedelin concentration in the extracts (38.2 wt%) to occur without cosolvent (0 wt% EtOH) for the lowest T (40 °C) and Q C O 2 (5 g C O 2 m i n - 1 ) . As for selectivity, the experimental α F , n F values were always higher than 1.0 and reached 3.1 (at 50 °C, 5 wt% EtOH, 11 g C O 2 m i n - 1 ). Altogether, these results suggest Friedelin can be selectively removed from Quercus cerris cork by supercritical fluid extraction within the range of experimental conditions studied.
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quercus cerris extracts obtained by distinct separation methods and solvents total and Friedelin extraction yields and chemical similarity analysis by multidimensional scaling
Separation and Purification Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Pedro G Vieira, Ali şen, Helena Pereira, Marcelo M R De Melo, Mario M Q Simoes, Ines Portugal, Carlos M SilvaAbstract:Abstract This work encompasses a comparison of the extraction of Quercus cerris cork with methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, and petroleum ether by Soxhlet and room temperature batch solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and with supercritical carbon dioxide modified with ethanol. The maximum total extraction yield ( η Total ) was attained by Soxhlet extraction with methanol ( η Total = 13.8 wt.%) and the minimum for batch SLE with petroleum ether ( η Total = 0.35 wt.%). For the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) runs η Total ranged from 1.2 to 1.7 wt.%. In terms of Friedelin extraction yields ( η Friedelin ) the results ranged from 0.12 wt.% (batch SLE with petroleum ether) to 1.68 wt.% (Soxhlet with methanol). The best performing assays in terms of Friedelin concentration in the extracts ( C Friedelin ) were those involving weakly polar or nonpolar solvents. Batch extractions at room temperature reached C Friedelin values significantly lower than Soxhlet extractions with the same solvent due to the unfavourable effect of temperature on the solubilisation of Friedelin. The extracts were analysed by FTIR-ATR and GC–MS and the data used for similarity analysis using multidimensional scaling (MDS). The results unveil that more than the extraction method (Soxhlet, Batch, or SFE) it is the intrinsic polarity of the solvent that defines the ensuing chemical composition of the extracts. For this reason, this study contributes for the selection of solvents and extraction methods of future industrial applications targeting Q. cerris cork valorization.
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experimental and modeling study of supercritical co2 extraction of quercus cerris cork influence of ethanol and particle size on extraction kinetics and selectivity to Friedelin
Separation and Purification Technology, 2017Co-Authors: M M R De Melo, Ali şen, Armando J D Silvestre, Helena Pereira, Carlos M SilvaAbstract:Abstract Turkish oak (Quercus cerris) cork is an interesting source of Friedelin, a bioactive triterpenoid. In this work, the supercritical fluid extraction of Q. cerris cork was carried out in order to measure cumulative curves for both total and Friedelin extraction yields ( η total and η Friedelin ). The influence of particle size and ethanol (CO2 modifier) content were assessed in the ranges of coarse particles to >80 mesh size, and 0–5 wt.%. The 14 experimental curves were modeled using the broken plus intact cells model, being attained global errors of only 4.43% ( η total ) and 4.25% ( η Friedelin ). Moreover, an analysis of the extraction periods allowed to get insights on the impact of the operating conditions on the duration and yields attained under the constant extraction rate (CER) period. Finally, an assessment of the selectivity to Friedelin was also accomplished, being concluded that intermediate particle sizes (40–60 to 60–80 mesh) are preferable for uptaking Friedelin, and also that the ethanol addition favors the competitive removal of this compound but only up to a limiting extent. In the whole, this article documents the influence of particle size and ethanol content can affect the production of Friedelin-enriched extracts by supercritical fluid extraction, enhancing η total up to 230% and η Friedelin upto 353%.
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prospective pathway for a green and enhanced Friedelin production through supercritical fluid extraction of quercus cerris cork
Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2015Co-Authors: Ali şen, Armando J D Silvestre, Helena Pereira, Marcelo M R De Melo, Carlos M SilvaAbstract:Abstract Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was applied for the first time to Quercus cerris cork, and compared with Soxhlet with dichloromethane (DCM). Novel triterpenes, viz. betulin and squalene, and β-sitosterol were identified for the first time in the lipophilic extracts. The SFE at 300 bar and 40–80 °C provided extracts much richer in Friedelin–the major compound from both SFE and DCM extracts – with concentrations up to 40.6 wt%, against 26.0 wt% for DCM. The SFE yields ranged between 0.97 and 1.81 wt% with pure CO 2 , and attained 2.83 wt% when ethanol was introduced as cosolvent (10 wt%). In this case, however, the Friedelin concentration dropped significantly due to the additional removal of non-target compounds. In general, the experimental data and their trends were in accordance with the theoretical predictions of kinetic and equilibrium properties estimated in this work for the Friedelin/SC-CO 2 system. This study demonstrates that the SFE of Q. cerris cork arises as a prospective pathway for a green and enhanced Friedelin production process under the biorefinery concept.
Ali şen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction of quercus cerris cork towards extraction yield and selectivity to Friedelin
Separation and Purification Technology, 2020Co-Authors: M M R De Melo, Ali şen, Helena Pereira, Ines Portugal, P G Vieira, Carlos M SilvaAbstract:Abstract Optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction of Quercus cerris cork was carried out using Box-Behnken design of experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized process variables were temperature ( T : 40, 50 and 60 °C), ethanol content (EtOH: 0.0, 2.5 and 5.0 wt%) and CO2 flow rate ( Q C O 2 : 5, 8 and 11 g m i n - 1 ) . The studied responses were total extraction yield ( η T o t a l ), Friedelin concentration of the extract ( C F r i e d e l i n ), and selectivity towards Friedelin ( α F , n F ). The linear effect of EtOH was by far the most influent operating condition (Pareto analysis) and the highest yield ( η T o t a l = 2.2 wt%) was attained with 5.0 wt% EtOH. The RSM model estimates maximum Friedelin concentration in the extracts (38.2 wt%) to occur without cosolvent (0 wt% EtOH) for the lowest T (40 °C) and Q C O 2 (5 g C O 2 m i n - 1 ) . As for selectivity, the experimental α F , n F values were always higher than 1.0 and reached 3.1 (at 50 °C, 5 wt% EtOH, 11 g C O 2 m i n - 1 ). Altogether, these results suggest Friedelin can be selectively removed from Quercus cerris cork by supercritical fluid extraction within the range of experimental conditions studied.
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quercus cerris extracts obtained by distinct separation methods and solvents total and Friedelin extraction yields and chemical similarity analysis by multidimensional scaling
Separation and Purification Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Pedro G Vieira, Ali şen, Helena Pereira, Marcelo M R De Melo, Mario M Q Simoes, Ines Portugal, Carlos M SilvaAbstract:Abstract This work encompasses a comparison of the extraction of Quercus cerris cork with methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, and petroleum ether by Soxhlet and room temperature batch solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and with supercritical carbon dioxide modified with ethanol. The maximum total extraction yield ( η Total ) was attained by Soxhlet extraction with methanol ( η Total = 13.8 wt.%) and the minimum for batch SLE with petroleum ether ( η Total = 0.35 wt.%). For the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) runs η Total ranged from 1.2 to 1.7 wt.%. In terms of Friedelin extraction yields ( η Friedelin ) the results ranged from 0.12 wt.% (batch SLE with petroleum ether) to 1.68 wt.% (Soxhlet with methanol). The best performing assays in terms of Friedelin concentration in the extracts ( C Friedelin ) were those involving weakly polar or nonpolar solvents. Batch extractions at room temperature reached C Friedelin values significantly lower than Soxhlet extractions with the same solvent due to the unfavourable effect of temperature on the solubilisation of Friedelin. The extracts were analysed by FTIR-ATR and GC–MS and the data used for similarity analysis using multidimensional scaling (MDS). The results unveil that more than the extraction method (Soxhlet, Batch, or SFE) it is the intrinsic polarity of the solvent that defines the ensuing chemical composition of the extracts. For this reason, this study contributes for the selection of solvents and extraction methods of future industrial applications targeting Q. cerris cork valorization.
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experimental and modeling study of supercritical co2 extraction of quercus cerris cork influence of ethanol and particle size on extraction kinetics and selectivity to Friedelin
Separation and Purification Technology, 2017Co-Authors: M M R De Melo, Ali şen, Armando J D Silvestre, Helena Pereira, Carlos M SilvaAbstract:Abstract Turkish oak (Quercus cerris) cork is an interesting source of Friedelin, a bioactive triterpenoid. In this work, the supercritical fluid extraction of Q. cerris cork was carried out in order to measure cumulative curves for both total and Friedelin extraction yields ( η total and η Friedelin ). The influence of particle size and ethanol (CO2 modifier) content were assessed in the ranges of coarse particles to >80 mesh size, and 0–5 wt.%. The 14 experimental curves were modeled using the broken plus intact cells model, being attained global errors of only 4.43% ( η total ) and 4.25% ( η Friedelin ). Moreover, an analysis of the extraction periods allowed to get insights on the impact of the operating conditions on the duration and yields attained under the constant extraction rate (CER) period. Finally, an assessment of the selectivity to Friedelin was also accomplished, being concluded that intermediate particle sizes (40–60 to 60–80 mesh) are preferable for uptaking Friedelin, and also that the ethanol addition favors the competitive removal of this compound but only up to a limiting extent. In the whole, this article documents the influence of particle size and ethanol content can affect the production of Friedelin-enriched extracts by supercritical fluid extraction, enhancing η total up to 230% and η Friedelin upto 353%.
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prospective pathway for a green and enhanced Friedelin production through supercritical fluid extraction of quercus cerris cork
Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2015Co-Authors: Ali şen, Armando J D Silvestre, Helena Pereira, Marcelo M R De Melo, Carlos M SilvaAbstract:Abstract Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was applied for the first time to Quercus cerris cork, and compared with Soxhlet with dichloromethane (DCM). Novel triterpenes, viz. betulin and squalene, and β-sitosterol were identified for the first time in the lipophilic extracts. The SFE at 300 bar and 40–80 °C provided extracts much richer in Friedelin–the major compound from both SFE and DCM extracts – with concentrations up to 40.6 wt%, against 26.0 wt% for DCM. The SFE yields ranged between 0.97 and 1.81 wt% with pure CO 2 , and attained 2.83 wt% when ethanol was introduced as cosolvent (10 wt%). In this case, however, the Friedelin concentration dropped significantly due to the additional removal of non-target compounds. In general, the experimental data and their trends were in accordance with the theoretical predictions of kinetic and equilibrium properties estimated in this work for the Friedelin/SC-CO 2 system. This study demonstrates that the SFE of Q. cerris cork arises as a prospective pathway for a green and enhanced Friedelin production process under the biorefinery concept.
Helena Pereira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction of quercus cerris cork towards extraction yield and selectivity to Friedelin
Separation and Purification Technology, 2020Co-Authors: M M R De Melo, Ali şen, Helena Pereira, Ines Portugal, P G Vieira, Carlos M SilvaAbstract:Abstract Optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction of Quercus cerris cork was carried out using Box-Behnken design of experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized process variables were temperature ( T : 40, 50 and 60 °C), ethanol content (EtOH: 0.0, 2.5 and 5.0 wt%) and CO2 flow rate ( Q C O 2 : 5, 8 and 11 g m i n - 1 ) . The studied responses were total extraction yield ( η T o t a l ), Friedelin concentration of the extract ( C F r i e d e l i n ), and selectivity towards Friedelin ( α F , n F ). The linear effect of EtOH was by far the most influent operating condition (Pareto analysis) and the highest yield ( η T o t a l = 2.2 wt%) was attained with 5.0 wt% EtOH. The RSM model estimates maximum Friedelin concentration in the extracts (38.2 wt%) to occur without cosolvent (0 wt% EtOH) for the lowest T (40 °C) and Q C O 2 (5 g C O 2 m i n - 1 ) . As for selectivity, the experimental α F , n F values were always higher than 1.0 and reached 3.1 (at 50 °C, 5 wt% EtOH, 11 g C O 2 m i n - 1 ). Altogether, these results suggest Friedelin can be selectively removed from Quercus cerris cork by supercritical fluid extraction within the range of experimental conditions studied.
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quercus cerris extracts obtained by distinct separation methods and solvents total and Friedelin extraction yields and chemical similarity analysis by multidimensional scaling
Separation and Purification Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Pedro G Vieira, Ali şen, Helena Pereira, Marcelo M R De Melo, Mario M Q Simoes, Ines Portugal, Carlos M SilvaAbstract:Abstract This work encompasses a comparison of the extraction of Quercus cerris cork with methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, and petroleum ether by Soxhlet and room temperature batch solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and with supercritical carbon dioxide modified with ethanol. The maximum total extraction yield ( η Total ) was attained by Soxhlet extraction with methanol ( η Total = 13.8 wt.%) and the minimum for batch SLE with petroleum ether ( η Total = 0.35 wt.%). For the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) runs η Total ranged from 1.2 to 1.7 wt.%. In terms of Friedelin extraction yields ( η Friedelin ) the results ranged from 0.12 wt.% (batch SLE with petroleum ether) to 1.68 wt.% (Soxhlet with methanol). The best performing assays in terms of Friedelin concentration in the extracts ( C Friedelin ) were those involving weakly polar or nonpolar solvents. Batch extractions at room temperature reached C Friedelin values significantly lower than Soxhlet extractions with the same solvent due to the unfavourable effect of temperature on the solubilisation of Friedelin. The extracts were analysed by FTIR-ATR and GC–MS and the data used for similarity analysis using multidimensional scaling (MDS). The results unveil that more than the extraction method (Soxhlet, Batch, or SFE) it is the intrinsic polarity of the solvent that defines the ensuing chemical composition of the extracts. For this reason, this study contributes for the selection of solvents and extraction methods of future industrial applications targeting Q. cerris cork valorization.
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experimental and modeling study of supercritical co2 extraction of quercus cerris cork influence of ethanol and particle size on extraction kinetics and selectivity to Friedelin
Separation and Purification Technology, 2017Co-Authors: M M R De Melo, Ali şen, Armando J D Silvestre, Helena Pereira, Carlos M SilvaAbstract:Abstract Turkish oak (Quercus cerris) cork is an interesting source of Friedelin, a bioactive triterpenoid. In this work, the supercritical fluid extraction of Q. cerris cork was carried out in order to measure cumulative curves for both total and Friedelin extraction yields ( η total and η Friedelin ). The influence of particle size and ethanol (CO2 modifier) content were assessed in the ranges of coarse particles to >80 mesh size, and 0–5 wt.%. The 14 experimental curves were modeled using the broken plus intact cells model, being attained global errors of only 4.43% ( η total ) and 4.25% ( η Friedelin ). Moreover, an analysis of the extraction periods allowed to get insights on the impact of the operating conditions on the duration and yields attained under the constant extraction rate (CER) period. Finally, an assessment of the selectivity to Friedelin was also accomplished, being concluded that intermediate particle sizes (40–60 to 60–80 mesh) are preferable for uptaking Friedelin, and also that the ethanol addition favors the competitive removal of this compound but only up to a limiting extent. In the whole, this article documents the influence of particle size and ethanol content can affect the production of Friedelin-enriched extracts by supercritical fluid extraction, enhancing η total up to 230% and η Friedelin upto 353%.
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prospective pathway for a green and enhanced Friedelin production through supercritical fluid extraction of quercus cerris cork
Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2015Co-Authors: Ali şen, Armando J D Silvestre, Helena Pereira, Marcelo M R De Melo, Carlos M SilvaAbstract:Abstract Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was applied for the first time to Quercus cerris cork, and compared with Soxhlet with dichloromethane (DCM). Novel triterpenes, viz. betulin and squalene, and β-sitosterol were identified for the first time in the lipophilic extracts. The SFE at 300 bar and 40–80 °C provided extracts much richer in Friedelin–the major compound from both SFE and DCM extracts – with concentrations up to 40.6 wt%, against 26.0 wt% for DCM. The SFE yields ranged between 0.97 and 1.81 wt% with pure CO 2 , and attained 2.83 wt% when ethanol was introduced as cosolvent (10 wt%). In this case, however, the Friedelin concentration dropped significantly due to the additional removal of non-target compounds. In general, the experimental data and their trends were in accordance with the theoretical predictions of kinetic and equilibrium properties estimated in this work for the Friedelin/SC-CO 2 system. This study demonstrates that the SFE of Q. cerris cork arises as a prospective pathway for a green and enhanced Friedelin production process under the biorefinery concept.
Janete H Y Vilegas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of extraction and clean up methods for the analysis of friedelan 3 ol and Friedelin from leaves of maytenus aquifolium martius celastraceae
Phytochemical Analysis, 2000Co-Authors: Eliane C Vasconcelos, Janete H Y Vilegas, Fernando Mauro LanasAbstract:A comparative study of three extraction methods (maceration/sonication, Soxhlet and supercritical fluid extraction) and three clean-up procedures for chromatographic analysis (high resolution gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection; HRGC-FID) of the triterpenes friedelan-3-ol and Friedelin from leaves of Maytenus aquifolium Martius (Celastraceae), one of the species known in Brazil as “espinheira santa”, has been conducted. Supercritical fluid extraction utilising carbon dioxide modified with ethanol was shown to be the most effective extraction method, while clean-up utilising Florisil® as adsorbent was the most appropriate for further HRGC-FID quantitative analysis of the extracts. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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quantitative analysis of triterpenes friedelan 3 β ol and Friedelin in maytenus aquifolium by high resolution gas chromatography and high temperature capillary gas chromatography
Phytochemical Analysis, 2000Co-Authors: Ana C Nossack, Janete H Y Vilegas, Fernando M. Lanças, E C De Vasconcelos, N F RoqueAbstract:The quantitative analysis of the pentacyclic triterpenes friedelan-3-beta-ol and Friedelin by high-temperature capillary gas chromatography (HT-CGC) and high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) is described. These compounds are markers of Maytenus aquifolium and M. ilicifolium (Celastraceae), plants which show anti-ulcer activity and which are used medicinally in Brazil under the name "espinheira santa". HT-CGC was more efficient than conventional HRGC for the quantitative evaluation of triterpenes in the hexane extracts of leaves of M. aquifolium owing to the reduced retention times attainable without loss of resolution. The flame ionisation detector response and detection limits for both triterpenes using HRGC and HT-CGC were also established.
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high temperature capillary gc analysis of phytopreparations of espinheira santa maytenus ilicifolia m andmaytenus aquifolium m celastraceae a brazilian antiulcer plant
Chromatographia, 1995Co-Authors: Janete H Y Vilegas, Fernando M. Lanças, N Antoniosi R FilhoAbstract:We report a method for the analysis of triterpenes in aqueous alcoholic extracts ofM. ilicifolia orM. aquifolium leaves, using high temperature capillary gas chromatography in polar columns (OV-17-OH). These species are popularly known in Brazil as “espinheira santa” and have proven antiulcer properties. The method consists of the pre-concentration of the triterpenes from the aqueous alcoholic extract, followed by GC analysis, which permits the determination of the presence of friedelan-3-ol and Friedelin. Direct comparison with several triterpenol standards that are usually found in falsified “espinheira santa” samples but are absent in the authentic drug, showed that GC analysis clearly allows detection of the presence of friedelan-3-ol and Friedelin and, therefore, permits distinguishing between authentic and false “espinheira santa” aqueous alcoholic extracts.
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high resolution gas chromatography analysis of espinheira santa maytenus ilicifolia and m aquifolium analysis of crude drug adulterations
Phytotherapy Research, 1994Co-Authors: Janete H Y Vilegas, Fernando M. Lanças, Armando Carlos CerviAbstract:High resolution gas chromatographic analysis of reference samples of ‘espinheira santa’ (Maytenus ilicifolia and M. aquifolium, Celastraceae) and of samples purchased in Brazilian herbal medicine stores showed that friedelan-3-ol and Friedelin can be utilized as markers for the identification of ‘espinheira santa’ and for the recognition of authentic and adulterated samples in a fast and simple procedure.
M M R De Melo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction of quercus cerris cork towards extraction yield and selectivity to Friedelin
Separation and Purification Technology, 2020Co-Authors: M M R De Melo, Ali şen, Helena Pereira, Ines Portugal, P G Vieira, Carlos M SilvaAbstract:Abstract Optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction of Quercus cerris cork was carried out using Box-Behnken design of experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized process variables were temperature ( T : 40, 50 and 60 °C), ethanol content (EtOH: 0.0, 2.5 and 5.0 wt%) and CO2 flow rate ( Q C O 2 : 5, 8 and 11 g m i n - 1 ) . The studied responses were total extraction yield ( η T o t a l ), Friedelin concentration of the extract ( C F r i e d e l i n ), and selectivity towards Friedelin ( α F , n F ). The linear effect of EtOH was by far the most influent operating condition (Pareto analysis) and the highest yield ( η T o t a l = 2.2 wt%) was attained with 5.0 wt% EtOH. The RSM model estimates maximum Friedelin concentration in the extracts (38.2 wt%) to occur without cosolvent (0 wt% EtOH) for the lowest T (40 °C) and Q C O 2 (5 g C O 2 m i n - 1 ) . As for selectivity, the experimental α F , n F values were always higher than 1.0 and reached 3.1 (at 50 °C, 5 wt% EtOH, 11 g C O 2 m i n - 1 ). Altogether, these results suggest Friedelin can be selectively removed from Quercus cerris cork by supercritical fluid extraction within the range of experimental conditions studied.
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experimental and modeling study of supercritical co2 extraction of quercus cerris cork influence of ethanol and particle size on extraction kinetics and selectivity to Friedelin
Separation and Purification Technology, 2017Co-Authors: M M R De Melo, Ali şen, Armando J D Silvestre, Helena Pereira, Carlos M SilvaAbstract:Abstract Turkish oak (Quercus cerris) cork is an interesting source of Friedelin, a bioactive triterpenoid. In this work, the supercritical fluid extraction of Q. cerris cork was carried out in order to measure cumulative curves for both total and Friedelin extraction yields ( η total and η Friedelin ). The influence of particle size and ethanol (CO2 modifier) content were assessed in the ranges of coarse particles to >80 mesh size, and 0–5 wt.%. The 14 experimental curves were modeled using the broken plus intact cells model, being attained global errors of only 4.43% ( η total ) and 4.25% ( η Friedelin ). Moreover, an analysis of the extraction periods allowed to get insights on the impact of the operating conditions on the duration and yields attained under the constant extraction rate (CER) period. Finally, an assessment of the selectivity to Friedelin was also accomplished, being concluded that intermediate particle sizes (40–60 to 60–80 mesh) are preferable for uptaking Friedelin, and also that the ethanol addition favors the competitive removal of this compound but only up to a limiting extent. In the whole, this article documents the influence of particle size and ethanol content can affect the production of Friedelin-enriched extracts by supercritical fluid extraction, enhancing η total up to 230% and η Friedelin upto 353%.
