The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Brian P. Oswald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Temporal changes in Fruit Production between recurrent prescribed burns in pine woodlands of the Ouachita Mountains
Forest Ecology and Management, 2019Co-Authors: Tamara B. Wood, Christopher E. Comer, Roger W. Perry, Brian P. OswaldAbstract:Abstract The use of prescribed fire is integral to the restoration of open woodlands and savannas, including shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) woodlands in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma and Arkansas. Fire offers many potential benefits to numerous wildlife; however, short-term implications for understory Fruit Production are not fully understood, especially in stands subjected to frequent, recurrent burns. We examined the effects of dormant-season prescribed burns on woody Fruit Production (kg ha−1) and Fruit producing vegetative cover in the understory of restored pine woodlands. We inventoried 32 stands during four temporal periods after dormant season prescribed fires: 1, 2, 3, and 5 growing seasons post-burn. We counted Fruit ( 7% each), but this did not translate into substantial Fruit Production. American beautyberry and summer grape had both substantial coverage and Production. Results suggest that burning on a 3-year rotation maximizes and prolongs Fruit Production; however, occasional burning on a 5-year rotation will promote a higher diversity of woody mast-producing understory species.
Richard K Kobe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Fruit Production is influenced by tree size and size-asymmetric crowding in a wet tropical forest.
Ecology and evolution, 2019Co-Authors: David M Minor, Richard K KobeAbstract:In tropical forest communities, seedling recruitment can be limited by the number of Fruit produced by adults. Fruit Production tends to be highly unequal among trees of the same species, which may be due to environmental factors. We observed Fruit Production for ~2,000 trees of 17 species across 3 years in a wet tropical forest in Costa Rica. Fruit Production was modeled as a function of tree size, nutrient availability, and neighborhood crowding. Following model selection, tree size and neighborhood crowding predicted both the probability of reProduction and the number of Fruit produced. Nutrient availability only predicted only the probability of reProduction. In all species, larger trees were more likely to be reproductive and produce more Fruit. In addition, number of Fruit was strongly negatively related to presence of larger neighboring trees in 13 species; presence of all neighboring trees had a weak-to-moderate negative influence on reproductive status in 16 species. Among various metrics of soil nutrient availability, only sum of base cations was positively associated with reproductive status, and for only four species. Synthesis Overall, these results suggest that direct influences on Fruit Production tend to be mediated through tree size and crowding from neighboring trees, rather than soil nutrients. However, we found variation in the effects of neighbors and nutrients among species; mechanistic studies of allocation to Fruit Production are needed to explain these differences.
-
masting synchrony in northern hardwood forests super producers govern population Fruit Production
Journal of Ecology, 2017Co-Authors: David M Minor, Richard K KobeAbstract:Summary Trees commonly reproduce via masting cycles, which involves synchronized inter-annual variability in Fruit crop size. A few individuals in a population will commonly produce much more Fruit than others. If these trees produce Fruit more frequently, as indicated by a lower inter-annual variability in Fruit Production, they may dominate Fruit Production over time. By measuring Fruit Production of 1635 individuals of 10 temperate tree species across 4 years in northern lower Michigan, we estimated the inter-annual variability and synchrony in each species. We compared Fruit Production estimates with measurements of tree size, soil nutrient availability and neighbourhood crowding to investigate the source of inter-individual variation in number of Fruit produced. We found that trees’ Fruit Production increased with tree size. The trees that accounted for the largest proportion of total Fruit Production had lower inter-annual variability and higher synchrony in Fruit Production. These ‘super-producer’ trees tended to have high nutrient availability and few neighbouring trees, but there were no effects of nutrient availability or neighbourhood crowding on Fruit Production in the population as a whole. Synthesis. Masting is a population-level phenomenon, and is typically studied at this level. However, when we apply individual tree observations of Fruit Production to this phenomenon, it reveals super-producers which produce Fruit more consistently than the rest of the population. By reducing inter-annual variability in Fruit Production, but increasing synchrony and making large numbers of Fruit, super-producers may be able to reap the benefits of masting while governing population Fruit Production over time.
Josep Peñuelas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The North Atlantic Oscillation synchronises Fruit Production in western European forests
Ecography, 2016Co-Authors: Marcos Fernández-martínez, Sara Vicca, Ivan A. Janssens, Josep Maria Espelta, Josep PeñuelasAbstract:Weather and its lagged effects have been associated with interannual variability and synchrony of Fruit Production for several tree species. Such relationships are used often in hypotheses relating interannual variability in Fruit Production with tree resources or favourable pollinating conditions and with synchrony in Fruit Production among sites through the Moran effect (the synchronisation of biological processes among populations driven by meteorological variability) or the local availability of pollen. Climatic teleconnections, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), representing weather packages, however, have rarely been correlated with Fruit Production, despite often being better predictors of ecological processes than is local weather. The aim of this study was to test the utility of seasonal NAO indices for predicting interannual variability and synchrony in Fruit Production using data from 76 forests of Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus petraea, and Q. robur distributed across central Europe. Interannual variability in Fruit Production for all species was significantly correlated with seasonal NAO indices, which were more prominently important predictors than local meteorological variables. The relationships identified by these analyses indicated that proximal causes were mostly responsible for the interannual variability in Fruit Production, supporting the premise that local tree resources and favourable pollinating conditions are needed to produce large Fruit crops. Synchrony in Fruit Production between forests was mainly associated with weather and geographical distance among sites. Also, Fruit Production for a given year was less variable among sites during warm and dry springs (negative spring NAO phases). Our results identify the Moran effect as the most likely mechanism for synchronisation of Fruit Production at large geographical scales and the possibility that pollen availability plays a role in synchronising Fruit Production at local scales. Our results highlight the influence of the NAO on the patterns of Fruit Production across western Europe.
-
Species-specific drought effects on flower and Fruit Production in a Mediterranean holm oak forest
Forestry, 2007Co-Authors: Romà Ogaya, Josep PeñuelasAbstract:Summary A holm oak forest was exposed to an experimental drought (reduction of 15 per cent soil moisture as predicted for this area for the next decades by General Circulation Models and ecophysiological models) during 7 years to elucidate the reproductive responses of the dominant species Quercus ilex L., Arbutus unedo L. and Phillyrea latifolia L. Soil moisture was partially reduced by plastic strips intercepting rainfall and by ditch exclusion of water runoff. During the period studied, meteorological conditions and soil moisture were continuously monitored, together with fl ower and Fruit Production in the three dominant species. In Q. ilex and A. unedo, fl ower and specially Fruit Production were strongly correlated with annual rainfall, but not in P. latifolia. The experimental drought reduced fl ower and Fruit Production in Q. ilex by 30 per cent and 45 per cent, respectively. Reductions in fl ower and Fruit Production were not signifi cant in A. unedo and were not observed in P. latifolia. A decrease in Production of reproductive structures and the different response of the species studied to a decrease in water availability could induce important changes in the competitive ability of the different species and in the long term in the community species composition and future distribution of these Mediterranean species.
John C. Mitani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Long‐term trends in Fruit Production in a tropical forest at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda
Biotropica, 2020Co-Authors: Kevin B. Potts, David P. Watts, Kevin E. Langergraber, John C. MitaniAbstract:Fruit Production in tropical forests varies considerably in space and time, with important implications for frugivorous consumers. Characterizing temporal variation in forest productivity is thus critical for understanding adaptations of tropical forest frugivores, yet long-term phenology data from the tropics, in particular from African forests, are still scarce. Similarly, as the abiotic factors driving phenology in the tropics are predicted to change with a warming climate, studies documenting the relationship between climatic variables and Fruit Production are increasingly important. Here we present data from 19 years of monitoring the phenology of 20 tree species at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Our aims were to characterize short- and long-term trends in productivity and to understand the abiotic factors driving temporal variability in Fruit Production. Short-term (month-to-month) variability in Fruiting was relatively low at Ngogo, and overall Fruit Production increased significantly through the first half of the study. Among the abiotic variables we expected to influence phenology patterns (including rainfall, solar irradiance, and average temperature), only average temperature was a significant predictor of monthly Fruit Production. We discuss these findings as they relate to the resource base of the frugivorous vertebrate community inhabiting Ngogo.
Tamara B. Wood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Temporal changes in Fruit Production between recurrent prescribed burns in pine woodlands of the Ouachita Mountains
Forest Ecology and Management, 2019Co-Authors: Tamara B. Wood, Christopher E. Comer, Roger W. Perry, Brian P. OswaldAbstract:Abstract The use of prescribed fire is integral to the restoration of open woodlands and savannas, including shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) woodlands in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma and Arkansas. Fire offers many potential benefits to numerous wildlife; however, short-term implications for understory Fruit Production are not fully understood, especially in stands subjected to frequent, recurrent burns. We examined the effects of dormant-season prescribed burns on woody Fruit Production (kg ha−1) and Fruit producing vegetative cover in the understory of restored pine woodlands. We inventoried 32 stands during four temporal periods after dormant season prescribed fires: 1, 2, 3, and 5 growing seasons post-burn. We counted Fruit ( 7% each), but this did not translate into substantial Fruit Production. American beautyberry and summer grape had both substantial coverage and Production. Results suggest that burning on a 3-year rotation maximizes and prolongs Fruit Production; however, occasional burning on a 5-year rotation will promote a higher diversity of woody mast-producing understory species.
