The Experts below are selected from a list of 261 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
W. M. Ingledew - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The importance of aeration strategy in Fuel Alcohol fermentations contaminated with Dekkera/Brettanomyces yeasts
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2005Co-Authors: D. A. Abbott, W. M. IngledewAbstract:Whole corn mash fermentations infected with industrially-isolated Brettanomyces yeasts were not affected even when viable Brettanomyces yeasts out-numbered Saccharomyces yeasts tenfold at the onset of fermentation. Therefore, aeration, a parameter that is pivotal to the physiology of Dekkera / Brettanomyces yeasts, was investigated in mixed culture fermentations. Results suggest that aeration strategy plays a significant role in Dekkera / Brettanomyces -mediated inhibition of Fuel Alcohol fermentations. Although growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was not impeded, mixed culture fermentations aerated at rates of ≥20 ml air l^−1 mash min^−1 showed decreased ethanol yields and an accumulation of acetic acid. The importance of aeration was examined further in combination with organic acid(s). Growth of Saccharomyces occurred more rapidly than growth of Brettanomyces yeasts in all conditions. The combination of 0.075% (w/v) acetic acid and contamination with Brettanomyces TK 1404W did not negatively impact the final ethanol yield under fermentative conditions. Aeration, however, did prove to be detrimental to final ethanol yields. With the inclusion of aeration in the control condition (no organic acid stress) and in each fermentation containing organic acid(s), the final ethanol yields were decreased. It was therefore concluded that aeration strategy is the key parameter in regards to the negative effects observed in Fuel Alcohol fermentations infected with Dekkera / Brettanomyces yeasts.
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The Fuel Alcohol industry- : She's younger and bigger but is she wiser?
2005Co-Authors: W. M. IngledewAbstract:The Fuel Alcohol industry evolved much more recently, somewhat in parallel but distinctively, from the better known and understood potable beverage industry. As such, it has developed with little industry-wide appreciation of its size and strength and of the uniqueness of its science. This short paper is designed to help the industry appreciate the progress made by Fuel Alcohol producers and the differences in their technology.
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Optimization of Fermentation Temperature and Mash Specific Gravity for Fuel Alcohol Production
Cereal Chemistry Journal, 1999Co-Authors: Shuyang Wang, W. M. Ingledew, K. C. Thomas, Krystyna Sosulski, Frank W. SosulskiAbstract:ABSTRACT The effects of fermentation temperature and dissolved solids concentration adjusted by changing mashing water-to-grain ratios on wheat fermentation efficiencies, fermentation times, final ethanol concentrations, and ethanol production rates were studied by using response surface methodology. Final ethanol concentrations in fermentors depended primarily on mash specific gravities. Predictably, increases in fermentation temperatures dramatically reduced fermentation times and thereby shortened fermentation cycles. The highest ethanol production rates were achieved with a high fermentation temperature of 30°C and a low water-to-grain ratio of 2.0. At these settings, an ethanol concentration of 13.6% (v/v) was attained with a fermentation time of 54 hr and an ethanol production rate of 2.45 mL of ethanol/L/hr. Optimization of operating conditions suggested in the current study will provide existing Fuel Alcohol plants with increased productivity without alteration of plant equipment or process flow.
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Grain pearling and very high gravity (VHG) fermentation technologies for Fuel Alcohol production from rye and triticale.
Process Biochemistry, 1999Co-Authors: Shuyang Wang, W. M. Ingledew, K. C. Thomas, Krystyna Sosulski, Frank W. SosulskiAbstract:Abstract A SATAKE laboratory abrasive mill was used for rye and triticale grain processing. About 12% of dry grain mass was removed after three and five successive abrasions for triticale and rye, respectively. Starch contents in the pearled grain were increased by 8·0% for triticale, and by 7·1% for rye. The pearled rye and triticale were ground and fermented by active dry yeast for Fuel Alcohol production by very high gravity (VHG) fermentation at 20°C. VHG technology was applied to increase final ethanol concentrations in the fermentors from 9·5–10·0% (v/v) (normal gravity) to 12·9–15·1% (v/v). The grain pearling process coupled with VHG technology further raised the ethanol concentration to 15·7–16·1% (v/v). Partial removal of outer grain solids in an Alcohol plant would improve plant efficiency and decrease energy requirements for mash heating, mash cooling, and ethanol distillation.
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Fermentation of very high gravity wheat mash prepared using fresh yeast autolysate
Bioresource Technology, 1994Co-Authors: Alison M. Jones, W. M. IngledewAbstract:Abstract The use of autolysed spent yeast cells as a source of extra free amino nitrogen (FAN) resulted in significantly accelerated rates of sugar utilization and ethanol production under very high gravity (VHG) fermentation conditions. These rates were comparable to those obtained in urea-supplemented fermentations. Analysis of thin stillage backset from grain-based Fuel ethanol plants indicated that backset contains insufficient FAN to produce maximum rates of fermentation under VHG conditions. Use of thin stillage is therefore more important as a method to conserve water usage and pollution costs than as a source of nutrients. Our results suggest that a yeast autolysate prepared from harvested spent yeast or waste yeast slurry acquired from a brewery and used in conjunction with backset may be a feasible alternative to improve industrial process economy in normal gravity and in VHG Fuel Alcohol fermentations.
Alison M. Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fermentation of very high gravity wheat mash prepared using fresh yeast autolysate
Bioresource Technology, 1994Co-Authors: Alison M. Jones, W. M. IngledewAbstract:Abstract The use of autolysed spent yeast cells as a source of extra free amino nitrogen (FAN) resulted in significantly accelerated rates of sugar utilization and ethanol production under very high gravity (VHG) fermentation conditions. These rates were comparable to those obtained in urea-supplemented fermentations. Analysis of thin stillage backset from grain-based Fuel ethanol plants indicated that backset contains insufficient FAN to produce maximum rates of fermentation under VHG conditions. Use of thin stillage is therefore more important as a method to conserve water usage and pollution costs than as a source of nutrients. Our results suggest that a yeast autolysate prepared from harvested spent yeast or waste yeast slurry acquired from a brewery and used in conjunction with backset may be a feasible alternative to improve industrial process economy in normal gravity and in VHG Fuel Alcohol fermentations.
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Fuel Alcohol production: appraisal of nitrogenous yeast foods for very high gravity wheat mash fermentation
Process Biochemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Alison M. Jones, W. M. IngledewAbstract:Abstract A scientific and economic appraisal of various nitrogen-containing yeast foods usable for very high gravity (VHG) fermentation technology was conducted. VHG wheat mashes containing 350 g dissolved solids per litre were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of milled wheat, and then fermented with active dry yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ). Although such wheat mashes were limiting in assimilable nitrogen, they fermented to completion within 9 days at 20°C. However, by adding assimilable forms of nitrogen, fermentation was accelerated. For example, in the presence of 1% (w/w) yeast extract, fermentation was completed in 4 days with a yield of 20·3% (v/v) ethanol. Unfortunately, yeast extract at the required level is too costly for routine use in the Fuel Alcohol industry. The testing of other nutrient supplements revealed that urea, ammonium ion, and Fermaid K TM compared favourably to yeast extract in stimulating VHG fermentation of wheat mash. Of these, urea is the most economically attractive for the industrial production of Fuel Alcohol. These results are an important contribution to the industrial assessment of VHG fermentation technology.
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Fuel Alcohol production : assessment of selected commercial proteases for very high gravity wheat mash fermentation
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 1994Co-Authors: Alison M. Jones, W. M. IngledewAbstract:Seven commercial proteolytic enzymes were studied for use in very high gravity (VHG) fermentation. Wheat mashes containing 35 g dissolved solids per 100 ml were prepared and fermented at 20°C with active dry Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proteases were assessed for their ability to hydrolyze soluble wheat proteins to free amino nitrogen and to reduce the viscosity of VHG wheat mashes. It was found that the increased levels of yeast-assimilable nitrogen and reduced mash viscosity stimulated the rate of VHG fermentation. Ethanol yield was not appreciably affected, nor did the addition of proteolytic enzymes adversely affect saccharification by the glucoamylase enzyme. Therefore, under VHG conditions, utilization of proteases could eliminate the need for supplementing wheat mash with assimilable nitrogenous yeast foods. These data further contribute to the industrial assessment of VHG fermentation technology for the manufacture of Fuel Alcohol from wheat.
Adilson J. Curtius - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The development of a method for the determination of trace elements in Fuel Alcohol by ETV-ICP-MS using isotope dilution calibration.
Talanta, 2005Co-Authors: Tatiana D. Saint'pierre, Vera L. A. Frescura, Adilson J. CurtiusAbstract:Abstract A method for the determination of Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb and Tl in Fuel Alcohol by isotope dilution electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID ETV-ICP-MS) is proposed. The analytes were separated in two groups: Ag and Cu were determined without modifier and Cd, Pb and Tl with the use of Pd as chemical modifier. The employed ETV operational conditions were pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C for Cd, Pb and Tl and of 900 °C for Ag and Cu and vaporization temperature of 2400 °C for both groups. Seven common, one with additive and one anhydrous Fuel ethanol samples were analyzed. The spiked and reference isotopes were, respectively, 109Ag and 107Ag, 112Cd and 111Cd, 63Cu and 65Cu, 206Pb and 208Pb and 203Tl and 205Tl. The added amounts of the enriched isotope material were the same for all samples: 4.6 ng of 109Ag, 5 ng of 112Cd, 21.1 ng of 63Cu, 9 ng of 206Pb and 0.21 ng of 203Tl. The blank was bi-distilled ethanol, acidified with 0.3% (v/v) nitric acid, as the samples. The limits of detection (LODs) were calculated as three times the standard deviation of the concentrations in the blank (n = 10) and were, in μg L−1, for Ag: 0.02, for Cd: 0.08, for Cu: 0.1, for Pb: 0.05 and for Tl: 0.001. The obtained concentrations in the samples were in agreement with those obtained by external calibration (EC), according to the paired t-test. The isotope dilution (ID) showed to be a robust, fast and simple calibration technique for the analysis of Fuel ethanol.
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The development of a method for the determination of trace elements in Fuel Alcohol by electrothermal vaporization–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using external calibration
Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2005Co-Authors: Tatiana D. Saint'pierre, Vera L. A. Frescura, Tatiane De A. Maranhão, Adilson J. CurtiusAbstract:Abstract A method for the determination of Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Tl in Fuel Alcohol by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is proposed. The determinations were carried out by external calibration against ethanolic solutions, without a chemical modifier, employing the following pyrolysis and vaporization temperatures: 400 °C and 2300 °C for the more volatile analytes and 1000 °C and 2500 °C for the less volatile analytes. The determination of As, Cd, Pb, Sn and Tl was additionally carried out using Pd as modifier at 800 °C pyrolysis and 2400 °C vaporization temperatures. The temperatures were optimized through pyrolysis and vaporization curves. Seven common Fuel ethanol, one Fuel ethanol with additive and one anhydrous Fuel ethanol sample have been analyzed. The measured concentrations were at the μg L−1 level or lower. Since there is no certified reference material for Fuel ethanol, the accuracy of the method was checked by the recovery test, with recoveries from 75% to 124%. The limits of detection (LODs), in μg L−1, and the relative standard deviations for 5 replicates were, for the elements in the conditions without modifier: Ag: 0.015 and 9.1%, Co: 0.002 and 10%, Cu: 0.22 and 6.6%, Fe: 0.72 and 4.3%, Mn: 0.025 and 12%, Ni: 0.026 and 9.3%, and for the elements with Pd: As: 0.02 and 2.9%, Cd: 0.07 and 25%, Pb: 0.02 and 3.1%, Sn: 0.010 and 6.0%, Tl: 0.0008 and 2.5%. Electrothermal vaporization avoids the loading of the plasma with organics, allowing the analysis of Fuel ethanol by ICP-MS with good accuracy and reasonable precision.
Tatiana D. Saint'pierre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The development of a method for the determination of trace elements in Fuel Alcohol by ETV-ICP-MS using isotope dilution calibration.
Talanta, 2005Co-Authors: Tatiana D. Saint'pierre, Vera L. A. Frescura, Adilson J. CurtiusAbstract:Abstract A method for the determination of Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb and Tl in Fuel Alcohol by isotope dilution electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID ETV-ICP-MS) is proposed. The analytes were separated in two groups: Ag and Cu were determined without modifier and Cd, Pb and Tl with the use of Pd as chemical modifier. The employed ETV operational conditions were pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C for Cd, Pb and Tl and of 900 °C for Ag and Cu and vaporization temperature of 2400 °C for both groups. Seven common, one with additive and one anhydrous Fuel ethanol samples were analyzed. The spiked and reference isotopes were, respectively, 109Ag and 107Ag, 112Cd and 111Cd, 63Cu and 65Cu, 206Pb and 208Pb and 203Tl and 205Tl. The added amounts of the enriched isotope material were the same for all samples: 4.6 ng of 109Ag, 5 ng of 112Cd, 21.1 ng of 63Cu, 9 ng of 206Pb and 0.21 ng of 203Tl. The blank was bi-distilled ethanol, acidified with 0.3% (v/v) nitric acid, as the samples. The limits of detection (LODs) were calculated as three times the standard deviation of the concentrations in the blank (n = 10) and were, in μg L−1, for Ag: 0.02, for Cd: 0.08, for Cu: 0.1, for Pb: 0.05 and for Tl: 0.001. The obtained concentrations in the samples were in agreement with those obtained by external calibration (EC), according to the paired t-test. The isotope dilution (ID) showed to be a robust, fast and simple calibration technique for the analysis of Fuel ethanol.
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The development of a method for the determination of trace elements in Fuel Alcohol by electrothermal vaporization–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using external calibration
Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2005Co-Authors: Tatiana D. Saint'pierre, Vera L. A. Frescura, Tatiane De A. Maranhão, Adilson J. CurtiusAbstract:Abstract A method for the determination of Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Tl in Fuel Alcohol by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is proposed. The determinations were carried out by external calibration against ethanolic solutions, without a chemical modifier, employing the following pyrolysis and vaporization temperatures: 400 °C and 2300 °C for the more volatile analytes and 1000 °C and 2500 °C for the less volatile analytes. The determination of As, Cd, Pb, Sn and Tl was additionally carried out using Pd as modifier at 800 °C pyrolysis and 2400 °C vaporization temperatures. The temperatures were optimized through pyrolysis and vaporization curves. Seven common Fuel ethanol, one Fuel ethanol with additive and one anhydrous Fuel ethanol sample have been analyzed. The measured concentrations were at the μg L−1 level or lower. Since there is no certified reference material for Fuel ethanol, the accuracy of the method was checked by the recovery test, with recoveries from 75% to 124%. The limits of detection (LODs), in μg L−1, and the relative standard deviations for 5 replicates were, for the elements in the conditions without modifier: Ag: 0.015 and 9.1%, Co: 0.002 and 10%, Cu: 0.22 and 6.6%, Fe: 0.72 and 4.3%, Mn: 0.025 and 12%, Ni: 0.026 and 9.3%, and for the elements with Pd: As: 0.02 and 2.9%, Cd: 0.07 and 25%, Pb: 0.02 and 3.1%, Sn: 0.010 and 6.0%, Tl: 0.0008 and 2.5%. Electrothermal vaporization avoids the loading of the plasma with organics, allowing the analysis of Fuel ethanol by ICP-MS with good accuracy and reasonable precision.
Frank W. Sosulski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Optimization of Fermentation Temperature and Mash Specific Gravity for Fuel Alcohol Production
Cereal Chemistry Journal, 1999Co-Authors: Shuyang Wang, W. M. Ingledew, K. C. Thomas, Krystyna Sosulski, Frank W. SosulskiAbstract:ABSTRACT The effects of fermentation temperature and dissolved solids concentration adjusted by changing mashing water-to-grain ratios on wheat fermentation efficiencies, fermentation times, final ethanol concentrations, and ethanol production rates were studied by using response surface methodology. Final ethanol concentrations in fermentors depended primarily on mash specific gravities. Predictably, increases in fermentation temperatures dramatically reduced fermentation times and thereby shortened fermentation cycles. The highest ethanol production rates were achieved with a high fermentation temperature of 30°C and a low water-to-grain ratio of 2.0. At these settings, an ethanol concentration of 13.6% (v/v) was attained with a fermentation time of 54 hr and an ethanol production rate of 2.45 mL of ethanol/L/hr. Optimization of operating conditions suggested in the current study will provide existing Fuel Alcohol plants with increased productivity without alteration of plant equipment or process flow.
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Grain pearling and very high gravity (VHG) fermentation technologies for Fuel Alcohol production from rye and triticale.
Process Biochemistry, 1999Co-Authors: Shuyang Wang, W. M. Ingledew, K. C. Thomas, Krystyna Sosulski, Frank W. SosulskiAbstract:Abstract A SATAKE laboratory abrasive mill was used for rye and triticale grain processing. About 12% of dry grain mass was removed after three and five successive abrasions for triticale and rye, respectively. Starch contents in the pearled grain were increased by 8·0% for triticale, and by 7·1% for rye. The pearled rye and triticale were ground and fermented by active dry yeast for Fuel Alcohol production by very high gravity (VHG) fermentation at 20°C. VHG technology was applied to increase final ethanol concentrations in the fermentors from 9·5–10·0% (v/v) (normal gravity) to 12·9–15·1% (v/v). The grain pearling process coupled with VHG technology further raised the ethanol concentration to 15·7–16·1% (v/v). Partial removal of outer grain solids in an Alcohol plant would improve plant efficiency and decrease energy requirements for mash heating, mash cooling, and ethanol distillation.
