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Barry M Popkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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did high sugar sweetened Beverage purchasers respond differently to the excise tax on sugar sweetened Beverages in mexico
Public Health Nutrition, 2019Co-Authors: Juan A Rivera, Barry M Popkin, Arantxa M ColcheroAbstract:Objective To estimate changes in taxed and untaxed Beverages by volume of Beverage purchased after a sugar-sweetened Beverage (SSB) tax was introduced in 2014 in Mexico. Design We used household purchase data from January 2012 to December 2015. We first classified the sample into four groups based on pre-tax purchases of Beverages: (i) higher purchases of taxed Beverages and lower purchases of untaxed Beverages (HTLU-unhealthier); (ii) higher purchases of both types of Beverages (HTHU); (iii) lower purchases of taxed and untaxed Beverages (LTLU); and (iv) lower purchases of taxed Beverages and higher purchases of untaxed Beverages (LTHU-healthier). Next, we estimated differences in purchases after the tax was implemented for each group compared with a counterfactual based on pre-tax trends using a fixed-effects model. Setting Areas with more than 50 000 residents in Mexico. Participants Households ( n 6089). Results The HTLU-unhealthier and HTHU groups had the largest absolute and relative reductions in taxed Beverages and increased their purchases of untaxed Beverages. Households with lower purchases of untaxed Beverages (HTLU-unhealthier and LTLU) had the largest absolute and relative increases in untaxed Beverages. We also found that among households with higher purchases of taxed Beverages, the group with lowest socio-economic status had the greatest reduction in purchases of taxed Beverages. Conclusions Evidence associating the SSB tax with larger reductions among high purchasers of taxed Beverages prior to the tax is relevant, as higher SSB purchasers have a greater risk of obesity, diabetes and other cardiometabolic outcomes.
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sugar sweetened Beverage intake among chilean preschoolers and adolescents in 2016 a cross sectional analysis
Nutrients, 2018Co-Authors: Michael Essman, Barry M Popkin, Camila Corvalan, Marcela Reyes, Lindsey Smith TaillieAbstract:Background: Chile has the highest sugar-sweetened Beverage (SSB) sales of any country and a growing burden of childhood obesity. This study examines SSB intake in Chilean children after a 5% SSB tax increase in 2014 but prior to marketing, labeling, and school policies implemented in 2016. Methods: 24-h recalls were collected in 2016 from two cohorts comprised of preschoolers 3–5 years of age (n = 961) and adolescents 12–14 years of age (n = 770) from low–moderate income neighborhoods. Beverages were categorized as regulated or unregulated according to whether they exceeded nutrient thresholds established by the 2016 policies. Results: Preschoolers consumed mainly Beverage calories from regulated dairy Beverages and substitutes (109 kcal, SD 30), unregulated dairy Beverages (102 kcal, SD 24), and regulated fruit and vegetables drinks (44 kcal, SD 20). For adolescents, the greatest contributions came from regulated sodas (77 kcal, SD 47), regulated dairy Beverages and substitutes (41 kcal, SD 16), and unregulated coffee and tea (41 kcal, SD 11). Overall, regulated Beverages provided a greater proportion of calories than unregulated for preschoolers (15.0% vs. 11.8%) and for adolescents (9.1% vs. 5.0%). Conclusions: Before major policy implementation, regulated Beverages accounted for a higher percentage of energy intake than unregulated Beverages among both age groups. Future research will be needed to evaluate the impact of Chile’s new policies on sugary Beverage intake in children.
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trends in energy intake from alcoholic Beverages among us adults by sociodemographic characteristics 1989 2012
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2016Co-Authors: Lauren Butler, Jennifer M Poti, Barry M PopkinAbstract:Abstract Background Long-term US trends in alcoholic Beverage calorie intakes remain unexamined, particularly with respect to changes in population subgroup-specific patterns over time. Objective This study examined shifts in the consumption of alcoholic Beverages, in total and by Beverage type, on any given day among US adults in relation to sociodemographic characteristics. Design This study was a repeated cross-sectional analysis of data from the 1989-1991 and 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the 2003-2006 and 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Participants and setting Adults aged ≥19 years (N=39,298) were targeted. A subset of alcoholic Beverage consumers (n=7,081) were studied. Statistical analyses performed Survey weighted mean per capita per day intakes (among all participants, both consumers of alcoholic Beverages and nonconsumers) and contributions of beer, wine, and liquor/mixed drinks to total alcoholic Beverage energy were determined. Multivariable regression models were used to examine trends in the proportion of alcoholic Beverage consumers and the per consumer intakes (among consumers of alcoholic Beverages only). Results Per capita intakes from alcoholic Beverages increased from 49 kcal/capita/day in 1989-1991 to 109 kcal/capita/day in 2003-2006 ( P P for overall increasing trend P Conclusions These results indicate there has been an increase in the proportion of US adults who drink on any given day and an increase in calories consumed from alcoholic Beverages when drinking occurs.
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a dynamic panel model of the associations of sweetened Beverage purchases with dietary quality and food purchasing patterns
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2015Co-Authors: Carmen Piernas, Shu Wen Ng, Penny Gordonlarsen, Michelle A. Mendez, Barry M PopkinAbstract:Investigating the association between consumption of sweetened Beverages and dietary quality is challenging because issues such as reverse causality and unmeasured confounding might result in biased and inconsistent estimates. Using a dynamic panel model with instrumental variables to address those issues, we examined the independent associations of Beverages sweetened with caloric and low-calorie sweeteners with dietary quality and food-purchasing patterns. We analyzed purchase data from the Homescan survey, an ongoing, longitudinal, nationally representative US survey, from 2000 to 2010 (n = 34,294). Our model included lagged measures of dietary quality and Beverage purchases (servings/day in the previous year) as exposures to predict the outcomes (macronutrient (kilocalories per capita per day; %), total energy, and food purchases) in the next year after adjustment for other sociodemographic covariates. Despite secular declines in purchases (kilocalories per capita per day) from all sources, each 1-serving/day increase in consumption of either Beverage type resulted in higher purchases of total daily kilocalories and kilocalories from food, carbohydrates, total sugar, and total fat. Each 1-serving/day increase in consumption of either Beverage was associated with more purchases of caloric-sweetened desserts or sweeteners, which accounted for a substantial proportion of the increase in total kilocalories. We concluded that consumers of both Beverages sweetened with low-calorie sweeteners and Beverages sweetened with caloric sweeteners had poorer dietary quality, exhibited higher energy from all purchases, sugar, and fat, and purchased more caloric-sweetened desserts/caloric sweeteners compared with nonconsumers.
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low calorie and calorie sweetened Beverages diet quality food intake and purchase patterns of us household consumers
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014Co-Authors: Carmen Piernas, Shu Wen Ng, Penny Gordonlarsen, Michelle A. Mendez, Barry M PopkinAbstract:Background: Few studies have investigated the diet quality of consumers of low-calorie-sweetened (LCS) and calorie-sweetened (CS) Beverages. Objective: The objective was to examine the dietary quality and adherence to dietary purchasing and consumption patterns of Beverage consumers from 2000 to 2010. Design: We analyzed purchases for 140,352 households from the Homescan longitudinal data set 2000–2010 and dietary intake from NHANES 2003–2010 (n = 34,393). We defined mutually exclusive consumer profiles as main exposures: LCS Beverages, CS Beverages, LCS & CS Beverages, and non/low consumers. As main outcomes, we explored dietary quality by using total energy and macronutrients (kcal/d). We performed factor analyses and applied factor scores to derive dietary patterns as secondary outcomes. Using multivariable linear (NHANES) and random-effects (Homescan) models, we investigated the associations between Beverage profiles and dietary patterns. Results: We found “prudent” and “breakfast” patterns in Homescan and NHANES, “ready-to-eat meals/fast-food” and “prudent/snacks/LCS desserts” patterns in Homescan, and “protein/potatoes” and “CS desserts/sweeteners” patterns in NHANES. In both data sets, compared with non/low consumers, both CS- and LCS-Beverage consumers had a significantly higher total energy from foods, higher energy from total and SFAs, and lower probability of adherence to prudent and breakfast patterns. In Homescan, LCS-Beverage consumers had a higher probability of adherence to 2 distinct patterns: a prudent/snacks/LCS dessert pattern and a ready-to-eat meals/fast-food purchasing pattern. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that overall dietary quality is lower in LCS-, CS-, and LCS & CS–Beverage consumers relative to non/low consumers. Our study highlights the importance of targeting foods that are linked with sweetened Beverages (either LCS or CS) in intervention and policy efforts that aim to improve nutrition in the United States.
Lex B Verdijk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nitrate rich vegetables increase plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lower blood pressure in healthy adults
Journal of Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Kristin L Jonvik, Jean Nyakayiru, Philippe J M Pinckaers, Joan M G Senden, Luc J C Van Loon, Lex B VerdijkAbstract:Dietary nitrate is receiving increased attention due to its reported ergogenic and cardioprotective properties. The extent to which ingestion of various nitrate-rich vegetables increases postprandial plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lowers blood pressure is currently unknown.We aimed to assess the impact of ingesting different nitrate-rich vegetables on subsequent plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and resting blood pressure in healthy normotensive individuals.With the use of a semirandomized crossover design, 11 men and 7 women [mean ± SEM age: 28 ± 1 y; mean ± SEM body mass index (BMI, in kg/m(2)): 23 ± 1; exercise: 1-10 h/wk] ingested 4 different Beverages, each containing 800 mg (∼12.9 mmol) nitrate: sodium nitrate (NaNO3), concentrated beetroot juice, a rocket salad Beverage, and a spinach Beverage. Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and blood pressure were determined before and up to 300 min after Beverage ingestion. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations increased after ingestion of all 4 Beverages (P < 0.001). Peak plasma nitrate concentrations were similar for all treatments (all values presented as means ± SEMs: NaNO3: 583 ± 29 μmol/L; beetroot juice: 597 ± 23 μmol/L; rocket salad Beverage: 584 ± 24 μmol/L; spinach Beverage: 584 ± 23 μmol/L). Peak plasma nitrite concentrations were different between treatments (NaNO3: 580 ± 58 nmol/L; beetroot juice: 557 ± 57 nmol/L; rocket salad Beverage: 643 ± 63 nmol/L; spinach Beverage: 980 ± 160 nmol/L; P = 0.016). When compared with baseline, systolic blood pressure declined 150 min after ingestion of beetroot juice (from 118 ± 2 to 113 ± 2 mm Hg; P < 0.001) and rocket salad Beverage (from 122 ± 3 to 116 ± 2 mm Hg; P = 0.007) and 300 min after ingestion of spinach Beverage (from 118 ± 2 to 111 ± 3 mm Hg; P < 0.001), but did not change with NaNO3 Diastolic blood pressure declined 150 min after ingestion of all Beverages (P < 0.05) and remained lower at 300 min after ingestion of rocket salad (P = 0.045) and spinach (P = 0.001) Beverages.Ingestion of nitrate-rich beetroot juice, rocket salad Beverage, and spinach Beverage effectively increases plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lowers blood pressure to a greater extent than sodium nitrate. These findings show that nitrate-rich vegetables can be used as dietary nitrate supplements. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02271633.
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nitrate rich vegetables increase plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lower blood pressure in healthy adults
Journal of Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Kristin L Jonvik, Jean Nyakayiru, Philippe J M Pinckaers, Joan M G Senden, Luc J C Van Loon, Lex B VerdijkAbstract:BACKGROUND Dietary nitrate is receiving increased attention due to its reported ergogenic and cardioprotective properties. The extent to which ingestion of various nitrate-rich vegetables increases postprandial plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lowers blood pressure is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the impact of ingesting different nitrate-rich vegetables on subsequent plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and resting blood pressure in healthy normotensive individuals. METHODS With the use of a semirandomized crossover design, 11 men and 7 women [mean ± SEM age: 28 ± 1 y; mean ± SEM body mass index (BMI, in kg/m(2)): 23 ± 1; exercise: 1-10 h/wk] ingested 4 different Beverages, each containing 800 mg (∼12.9 mmol) nitrate: sodium nitrate (NaNO3), concentrated beetroot juice, a rocket salad Beverage, and a spinach Beverage. Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and blood pressure were determined before and up to 300 min after Beverage ingestion. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations increased after ingestion of all 4 Beverages (P < 0.001). Peak plasma nitrate concentrations were similar for all treatments (all values presented as means ± SEMs: NaNO3: 583 ± 29 μmol/L; beetroot juice: 597 ± 23 μmol/L; rocket salad Beverage: 584 ± 24 μmol/L; spinach Beverage: 584 ± 23 μmol/L). Peak plasma nitrite concentrations were different between treatments (NaNO3: 580 ± 58 nmol/L; beetroot juice: 557 ± 57 nmol/L; rocket salad Beverage: 643 ± 63 nmol/L; spinach Beverage: 980 ± 160 nmol/L; P = 0.016). When compared with baseline, systolic blood pressure declined 150 min after ingestion of beetroot juice (from 118 ± 2 to 113 ± 2 mm Hg; P < 0.001) and rocket salad Beverage (from 122 ± 3 to 116 ± 2 mm Hg; P = 0.007) and 300 min after ingestion of spinach Beverage (from 118 ± 2 to 111 ± 3 mm Hg; P < 0.001), but did not change with NaNO3 Diastolic blood pressure declined 150 min after ingestion of all Beverages (P < 0.05) and remained lower at 300 min after ingestion of rocket salad (P = 0.045) and spinach (P = 0.001) Beverages. CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of nitrate-rich beetroot juice, rocket salad Beverage, and spinach Beverage effectively increases plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lowers blood pressure to a greater extent than sodium nitrate. These findings show that nitrate-rich vegetables can be used as dietary nitrate supplements. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02271633.
Kristin L Jonvik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nitrate rich vegetables increase plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lower blood pressure in healthy adults
Journal of Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Kristin L Jonvik, Jean Nyakayiru, Philippe J M Pinckaers, Joan M G Senden, Luc J C Van Loon, Lex B VerdijkAbstract:Dietary nitrate is receiving increased attention due to its reported ergogenic and cardioprotective properties. The extent to which ingestion of various nitrate-rich vegetables increases postprandial plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lowers blood pressure is currently unknown.We aimed to assess the impact of ingesting different nitrate-rich vegetables on subsequent plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and resting blood pressure in healthy normotensive individuals.With the use of a semirandomized crossover design, 11 men and 7 women [mean ± SEM age: 28 ± 1 y; mean ± SEM body mass index (BMI, in kg/m(2)): 23 ± 1; exercise: 1-10 h/wk] ingested 4 different Beverages, each containing 800 mg (∼12.9 mmol) nitrate: sodium nitrate (NaNO3), concentrated beetroot juice, a rocket salad Beverage, and a spinach Beverage. Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and blood pressure were determined before and up to 300 min after Beverage ingestion. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations increased after ingestion of all 4 Beverages (P < 0.001). Peak plasma nitrate concentrations were similar for all treatments (all values presented as means ± SEMs: NaNO3: 583 ± 29 μmol/L; beetroot juice: 597 ± 23 μmol/L; rocket salad Beverage: 584 ± 24 μmol/L; spinach Beverage: 584 ± 23 μmol/L). Peak plasma nitrite concentrations were different between treatments (NaNO3: 580 ± 58 nmol/L; beetroot juice: 557 ± 57 nmol/L; rocket salad Beverage: 643 ± 63 nmol/L; spinach Beverage: 980 ± 160 nmol/L; P = 0.016). When compared with baseline, systolic blood pressure declined 150 min after ingestion of beetroot juice (from 118 ± 2 to 113 ± 2 mm Hg; P < 0.001) and rocket salad Beverage (from 122 ± 3 to 116 ± 2 mm Hg; P = 0.007) and 300 min after ingestion of spinach Beverage (from 118 ± 2 to 111 ± 3 mm Hg; P < 0.001), but did not change with NaNO3 Diastolic blood pressure declined 150 min after ingestion of all Beverages (P < 0.05) and remained lower at 300 min after ingestion of rocket salad (P = 0.045) and spinach (P = 0.001) Beverages.Ingestion of nitrate-rich beetroot juice, rocket salad Beverage, and spinach Beverage effectively increases plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lowers blood pressure to a greater extent than sodium nitrate. These findings show that nitrate-rich vegetables can be used as dietary nitrate supplements. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02271633.
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nitrate rich vegetables increase plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lower blood pressure in healthy adults
Journal of Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Kristin L Jonvik, Jean Nyakayiru, Philippe J M Pinckaers, Joan M G Senden, Luc J C Van Loon, Lex B VerdijkAbstract:BACKGROUND Dietary nitrate is receiving increased attention due to its reported ergogenic and cardioprotective properties. The extent to which ingestion of various nitrate-rich vegetables increases postprandial plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lowers blood pressure is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the impact of ingesting different nitrate-rich vegetables on subsequent plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and resting blood pressure in healthy normotensive individuals. METHODS With the use of a semirandomized crossover design, 11 men and 7 women [mean ± SEM age: 28 ± 1 y; mean ± SEM body mass index (BMI, in kg/m(2)): 23 ± 1; exercise: 1-10 h/wk] ingested 4 different Beverages, each containing 800 mg (∼12.9 mmol) nitrate: sodium nitrate (NaNO3), concentrated beetroot juice, a rocket salad Beverage, and a spinach Beverage. Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and blood pressure were determined before and up to 300 min after Beverage ingestion. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations increased after ingestion of all 4 Beverages (P < 0.001). Peak plasma nitrate concentrations were similar for all treatments (all values presented as means ± SEMs: NaNO3: 583 ± 29 μmol/L; beetroot juice: 597 ± 23 μmol/L; rocket salad Beverage: 584 ± 24 μmol/L; spinach Beverage: 584 ± 23 μmol/L). Peak plasma nitrite concentrations were different between treatments (NaNO3: 580 ± 58 nmol/L; beetroot juice: 557 ± 57 nmol/L; rocket salad Beverage: 643 ± 63 nmol/L; spinach Beverage: 980 ± 160 nmol/L; P = 0.016). When compared with baseline, systolic blood pressure declined 150 min after ingestion of beetroot juice (from 118 ± 2 to 113 ± 2 mm Hg; P < 0.001) and rocket salad Beverage (from 122 ± 3 to 116 ± 2 mm Hg; P = 0.007) and 300 min after ingestion of spinach Beverage (from 118 ± 2 to 111 ± 3 mm Hg; P < 0.001), but did not change with NaNO3 Diastolic blood pressure declined 150 min after ingestion of all Beverages (P < 0.05) and remained lower at 300 min after ingestion of rocket salad (P = 0.045) and spinach (P = 0.001) Beverages. CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of nitrate-rich beetroot juice, rocket salad Beverage, and spinach Beverage effectively increases plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lowers blood pressure to a greater extent than sodium nitrate. These findings show that nitrate-rich vegetables can be used as dietary nitrate supplements. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02271633.
Maryanne Drake - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF CARBONATED REGULAR AND DIET LEMON-LIME BeverageS: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF CARBONATED LEMON-LIME BeverageS
Journal of Sensory Studies, 2012Co-Authors: P.p. Leksrisompong, K. Lopetcharat, Brian D. Guthrie, Maryanne DrakeAbstract:ABSTRACT A lexicon for lemon-lime carbonated Beverages (regular and diet) was developed to understand the flavor and mouthfeel attributes of lemon-lime Beverages. Descriptive analysis of 18 carbonated lemon-lime or citrus Beverages was performed by a highly trained panel. Analysis of variance and principle component analysis were used to interpret results. Key differentiating attributes of Beverages were mouthfeel attributes (carbonation, bite, burn, numbing, after-numbing, slipperiness, tongue heaviness), basic tastes (sour aftertaste, sour, bitter, bitter aftertaste, other aftertaste, metallic aftertaste) and aromatics (overall aroma, cooked lime/lemon, lemon candy). Beverages were distinguished based on category (sparkling or soda), sweetening systems (diet versus regular) and brand. Beverages in the soda category were characterized by high bite, burn, numbing, carbonation and after-numb, whereas Beverages in the sparkling Beverage category were characterized by slipperiness, overall aroma, cooked lemon/lime, sour taste and sour aftertaste. Diet Beverages were characterized by bitter, bitter aftertaste, metallic aftertaste and other aftertaste, while regular Beverages were characterized by tongue heaviness and lemon candy. The developed lexicon allowed for documentation of multimodal sensory perceptions generated by carbonated Beverages. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The development of a comprehensive lexicon for carbonated lemon-lime Beverages descriptive analysis allows a precise documentation of sensory properties of the complex system of lemon-lime-flavored carbonated Beverages. These results will further enable the study of the effects of other ingredients such as stabilizers, flavoring systems and natural nonnutritive sweeteners on the sensory perception of Beverages. Development of low caloric lemon-lime carbonated Beverages that maintain similar flavor profile and mouthfeel attributes of regular Beverages is challenging and can be assisted when the impact of ingredients on the sensory perception on the whole scope of the Beverage system is understood.
Luc J C Van Loon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nitrate rich vegetables increase plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lower blood pressure in healthy adults
Journal of Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Kristin L Jonvik, Jean Nyakayiru, Philippe J M Pinckaers, Joan M G Senden, Luc J C Van Loon, Lex B VerdijkAbstract:Dietary nitrate is receiving increased attention due to its reported ergogenic and cardioprotective properties. The extent to which ingestion of various nitrate-rich vegetables increases postprandial plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lowers blood pressure is currently unknown.We aimed to assess the impact of ingesting different nitrate-rich vegetables on subsequent plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and resting blood pressure in healthy normotensive individuals.With the use of a semirandomized crossover design, 11 men and 7 women [mean ± SEM age: 28 ± 1 y; mean ± SEM body mass index (BMI, in kg/m(2)): 23 ± 1; exercise: 1-10 h/wk] ingested 4 different Beverages, each containing 800 mg (∼12.9 mmol) nitrate: sodium nitrate (NaNO3), concentrated beetroot juice, a rocket salad Beverage, and a spinach Beverage. Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and blood pressure were determined before and up to 300 min after Beverage ingestion. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations increased after ingestion of all 4 Beverages (P < 0.001). Peak plasma nitrate concentrations were similar for all treatments (all values presented as means ± SEMs: NaNO3: 583 ± 29 μmol/L; beetroot juice: 597 ± 23 μmol/L; rocket salad Beverage: 584 ± 24 μmol/L; spinach Beverage: 584 ± 23 μmol/L). Peak plasma nitrite concentrations were different between treatments (NaNO3: 580 ± 58 nmol/L; beetroot juice: 557 ± 57 nmol/L; rocket salad Beverage: 643 ± 63 nmol/L; spinach Beverage: 980 ± 160 nmol/L; P = 0.016). When compared with baseline, systolic blood pressure declined 150 min after ingestion of beetroot juice (from 118 ± 2 to 113 ± 2 mm Hg; P < 0.001) and rocket salad Beverage (from 122 ± 3 to 116 ± 2 mm Hg; P = 0.007) and 300 min after ingestion of spinach Beverage (from 118 ± 2 to 111 ± 3 mm Hg; P < 0.001), but did not change with NaNO3 Diastolic blood pressure declined 150 min after ingestion of all Beverages (P < 0.05) and remained lower at 300 min after ingestion of rocket salad (P = 0.045) and spinach (P = 0.001) Beverages.Ingestion of nitrate-rich beetroot juice, rocket salad Beverage, and spinach Beverage effectively increases plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lowers blood pressure to a greater extent than sodium nitrate. These findings show that nitrate-rich vegetables can be used as dietary nitrate supplements. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02271633.
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nitrate rich vegetables increase plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lower blood pressure in healthy adults
Journal of Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Kristin L Jonvik, Jean Nyakayiru, Philippe J M Pinckaers, Joan M G Senden, Luc J C Van Loon, Lex B VerdijkAbstract:BACKGROUND Dietary nitrate is receiving increased attention due to its reported ergogenic and cardioprotective properties. The extent to which ingestion of various nitrate-rich vegetables increases postprandial plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lowers blood pressure is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the impact of ingesting different nitrate-rich vegetables on subsequent plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and resting blood pressure in healthy normotensive individuals. METHODS With the use of a semirandomized crossover design, 11 men and 7 women [mean ± SEM age: 28 ± 1 y; mean ± SEM body mass index (BMI, in kg/m(2)): 23 ± 1; exercise: 1-10 h/wk] ingested 4 different Beverages, each containing 800 mg (∼12.9 mmol) nitrate: sodium nitrate (NaNO3), concentrated beetroot juice, a rocket salad Beverage, and a spinach Beverage. Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and blood pressure were determined before and up to 300 min after Beverage ingestion. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations increased after ingestion of all 4 Beverages (P < 0.001). Peak plasma nitrate concentrations were similar for all treatments (all values presented as means ± SEMs: NaNO3: 583 ± 29 μmol/L; beetroot juice: 597 ± 23 μmol/L; rocket salad Beverage: 584 ± 24 μmol/L; spinach Beverage: 584 ± 23 μmol/L). Peak plasma nitrite concentrations were different between treatments (NaNO3: 580 ± 58 nmol/L; beetroot juice: 557 ± 57 nmol/L; rocket salad Beverage: 643 ± 63 nmol/L; spinach Beverage: 980 ± 160 nmol/L; P = 0.016). When compared with baseline, systolic blood pressure declined 150 min after ingestion of beetroot juice (from 118 ± 2 to 113 ± 2 mm Hg; P < 0.001) and rocket salad Beverage (from 122 ± 3 to 116 ± 2 mm Hg; P = 0.007) and 300 min after ingestion of spinach Beverage (from 118 ± 2 to 111 ± 3 mm Hg; P < 0.001), but did not change with NaNO3 Diastolic blood pressure declined 150 min after ingestion of all Beverages (P < 0.05) and remained lower at 300 min after ingestion of rocket salad (P = 0.045) and spinach (P = 0.001) Beverages. CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of nitrate-rich beetroot juice, rocket salad Beverage, and spinach Beverage effectively increases plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and lowers blood pressure to a greater extent than sodium nitrate. These findings show that nitrate-rich vegetables can be used as dietary nitrate supplements. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02271633.
