The Experts below are selected from a list of 1008168 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Pierre Leblanc - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chloroquine modulates inflammatory autoimmune responses through nurr1 in autoimmune diseases
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Tae Yoon Park, Yongwoo Jang, Joon Shin, Ho Sup Yoon, Pierre LeblancAbstract:For over a half-century the anti-malarial drug chloroquine (CQ) has been used as a therapeutic agent, alone or in combination, to treat autoimmune diseases. However, neither the underlying mechanism(s) of action nor their molecular target(s) are well defined. The orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 (also known as NR4A2) is an essential transcription factor affecting the development and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. In this study, using in vitro T cell differentiation models, we demonstrate that CQ activates TREG cell differentiation and induces Foxp3 gene Expression in a Nurr1-dependent manner. Remarkably, CQ appears to induce Nurr1 Function by two distinct mechanisms: firstly, by direct binding to Nurr1’s ligand-binding domain and promoting its transcriptional activity and secondly by upregulation of Nurr1 Expression through the CREB signaling pathway. In contrast, CQ suppressed gene Expression and differentiation of pathogenic TH17 cells. Importantly, using a valid animal model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we demonstrated that CQ promotes Foxp3 Expression and differentiation of TREG cells in a Nurr1-dependent manner, leading to significant improvement of IBD-related symptoms. Taken together, these data suggest that CQ ameliorates autoimmune diseases via regulating Nurr1 Function/Expression and that Nurr1 is a promising target for developing effective therapeutics of human inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
Curtis D Klaassen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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structure Function Expression genomic organization and single nucleotide polymorphisms of human abcb1 mdr1 abcc mrp and abcg2 bcrp efflux transporters
International Journal of Toxicology, 2006Co-Authors: Supratim Choudhuri, Curtis D KlaassenAbstract:The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute a large family of membrane proteins, which transport a variety of compounds through the membrane against a concentration gradient at the cost of ATP hydrolysis. Substrates of the ABC transporters include lipids, bile acids, xenobiotics, and peptides for antigen presentation. As they transport exogenous and endogenous compounds, they reduce the body load of potentially harmful substances. One by-product of such protective Function is that they also eliminate various useful drugs from the body, causing drug resistance. This review is a brief summary of the structure, Function, and Expression of the important drug resistance–conferring members belonging to three subfamilies of the human ABC family; these are ABCB1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein of subfamily ABCB), subfamily ABCC (MRPs), and ABCG2 (BCRP of subfamily ABCG), which are expressed in various organs. In the text, the transporter symbol that carries the subfamily name (such as ABCB1, ABCC1, etc.) is used ...
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structure Function Expression genomic organization and single nucleotide polymorphisms of human abcb1 mdr1 abcc mrp and abcg2 bcrp efflux transporters
International Journal of Toxicology, 2006Co-Authors: Supratim Choudhuri, Curtis D KlaassenAbstract:The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute a large family of membrane proteins, which transport a variety of compounds through the membrane against a concentration gradient at the cost of ATP hydrolysis. Substrates of the ABC transporters include lipids, bile acids, xenobiotics, and peptides for antigen presentation. As they transport exogenous and endogenous compounds, they reduce the body load of potentially harmful substances. One by-product of such protective Function is that they also eliminate various useful drugs from the body, causing drug resistance. This review is a brief summary of the structure, Function, and Expression of the important drug resistance-conferring members belonging to three subfamilies of the human ABC family; these are ABCB1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein of subfamily ABCB), subfamily ABCC (MRPs), and ABCG2 (BCRP of subfamily ABCG), which are expressed in various organs. In the text, the transporter symbol that carries the subfamily name (such as ABCB1, ABCC1, etc.) is used interchangeably with the corresponding original names, such as MDR1P-glycoprotein, MRP1, etc., respectively. Both nomenclatures are maintained in the text because both are still used in the transporter literature. This helps readers relate various names that they encounter in the literature. It now appears that P-glycoprotein, MRP1, MRP2, and BCRP can explain the phenomenon of multidrug resistance in all cell lines analyzed thus far. Also discussed are the gene structure, regulation of Expression, and various polymorphisms in these genes. Because genetic polymorphism is thought to underlie interindividual differences, including their response to drugs and other xenobiotics, the importance of polymorphism in these genes is also discussed.
Peter Hanggi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the tasaki crooks quantum fluctuation theorem
Journal of Physics A, 2007Co-Authors: Peter Talkner, Peter HanggiAbstract:Starting out from the recently established quantum correlation Function Expression of the characteristic Function for the work performed by a force protocol on the system in Talkner et al (2007 Phys. Rev. E 75 050102 (Preprint cond-mat/0703213)) the quantum version of the Crooks fluctuation theorem is shown to emerge almost immediately by the mere application of an inverse Fourier transformation.
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the tasaki crooks quantum fluctuation theorem
arXiv: Statistical Mechanics, 2007Co-Authors: Peter Talkner, Peter HanggiAbstract:Starting out from the recently established quantum correlation Function Expression of the characteristic Function for the work performed by a force protocol on the system [cond-mat/0703213] the quantum version of the Crooks fluctuation theorem is shown to emerge almost immediately by the mere application of an inverse Fourier transformation.
Terry L Thomas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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isolation of a δ6 desaturase gene from the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp strain pcc 6803 by gain of Function Expression in anabaena sp strain pcc 7120
Plant Molecular Biology, 1993Co-Authors: Avutu S Reddy, Michael L Nuccio, Lisa M Gross, Terry L ThomasAbstract:The enzyme Δ6-desaturase is responsible for the conversion of linoleic acid (18:2) to γ-linolenic acid (18:3γ). A cyanobacterial gene encoding Δ6-desaturase was cloned by Expression of a Synechocystis genomic cosmid library in Anabaena, a cyanobacterium lacking Δ6-desaturase. Expression of the Synechocystis Δ6-desaturase gene in Anabaena resulted in the accumulation of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and octadecatetraenoic acid (18:4). The predicted 359 amino acid sequence of the Synechocystis Δ6-desaturase shares limited, but significant, sequence similarity with two other reported desaturases. Analysis of three overlapping cosmids revealed a Δ12-desaturase gene linked to the Δ6-desaturase gene. Expression of Synechocystis Δ6-and Δ12-desaturase in Synechococcus, a cyanobacterium deficient in both desaturases, resulted in the production of linoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid.
Nicholas M Luscombe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a census of human transcription factors Function Expression and evolution
Nature Reviews Genetics, 2009Co-Authors: Juan M Vaquerizas, Sarah K Kummerfeld, Sarah A Teichmann, Nicholas M LuscombeAbstract:Transcription factors are key cellular components that control gene Expression: their activities determine how cells Function and respond to the environment. Currently, there is great interest in research into human transcriptional regulation. However, surprisingly little is known about these regulators themselves. For example, how many transcription factors does the human genome contain? How are they expressed in different tissues? Are they evolutionarily conserved? Here, we present an analysis of 1,391 manually curated sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors, their Functions, genomic organization and evolutionary conservation. Much remains to be explored, but this study provides a solid foundation for future investigations to elucidate regulatory mechanisms underlying diverse mammalian biological processes.
