The Experts below are selected from a list of 148152 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Luc Barbaro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bird Functional Diversity enhances insectivory at forest edges a transcontinental experiment
Diversity and Distributions, 2014Co-Authors: Brice Giffard, Yohan Charbonnier, Inge Van Halder, Luc Barbaro, Eckehard G. BrockerhoffAbstract:Aim The role of bird–insect interactions in shaping bird distribution patterns at the landscape scale has been seldom investigated. In mosaic landscapes, bird Functional Diversity is considered to be an important driver of avian insectivory, but depends on forest fragmentation and edge effects from adjacent, non-forest habitats. In a transcontinental experiment, we investigated edge and landscape effects on bird Functional Diversity and insectivory in mosaic landscapes of mixed forests and open habitats. Location New Zealand and France. Methods We paired edge and interior plots in native forest fragments in New Zealand and native plantation forests in France. We sampled bird communities using point-counts and linear transects respectively and simultaneously quantified avian insectivory as the rate of bird attacks on plasticine models mimicking tree-feeding Lepidoptera larvae. The same seven life traits and attributes were compiled for French and New Zealand birds, including biogeographic origin, body mass, mobility, foraging method, adult diet, nest location and clutch size. Bird Functional Diversity was quantified on this multitrait basis by four indices: Functional richness, evenness, divergence and dispersion. We used mixed models to test for the effects of forest edges, study area, surrounding landscape Diversity and native forest cover on bird Functional Diversity and insectivory. Results We found higher bird Functional richness at forest edges than interiors in New Zealand and lower Functional richness at edges in France. However, bird Functional evenness and divergence were significantly higher at forest edges in the two countries. Functional evenness and dispersion both increased with landscape Diversity and evenness increased with native forest cover. Moreover, bird insectivory increased at forest edges with Functional evenness, irrespective of the study area. Main conclusions We suggest that intermediate levels of forest fragmentation and edge effects increase avian insectivory in mosaic landscapes, through enhanced Functional evenness and trait complementation within predatory bird assemblages.
Mathieu Bollen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Functional Diversity of protein phosphatase 1 a cellular economizer and reset button
Physiological Reviews, 2004Co-Authors: Hugo Ceulemans, Mathieu BollenAbstract:Ceulemans, Hugo, and Mathieu Bollen. Functional Diversity of Protein Phosphatase-1, a Cellular Economizer and Reset Button. Physiol Rev 84: 1–39, 2004; 10.1152/physrev.00013.2003.—The protein serin...
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Functional Diversity of protein phosphatase 1 a cellular economizer and reset button
Physiological Reviews, 2004Co-Authors: Hugo Ceulemans, Mathieu BollenAbstract:Ceulemans, Hugo, and Mathieu Bollen. Functional Diversity of Protein Phosphatase-1, a Cellular Economizer and Reset Button. Physiol Rev 84: 1–39, 2004; 10.1152/physrev.00013.2003.—The protein serin...
David Mouillot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Functional Diversity measures an overview of their redundancy and their ability to discriminate community assembly rules
Functional Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Maud A Mouchet, Sebastien Villeger, Norman W. H. Mason, David MouillotAbstract:Summary 1. Indices quantifying the Functional aspect of bioDiversity are essential in understanding relationships between bioDiversity, ecosystem functioning and environmental constraints. Many indices of Functional Diversity have been published but we lack consensus about what indices quantify, how redundant they are and which ones are recommended. 2. This study aims to build a typology of Functional Diversity indices from artificial data sets encompassing various community structures (different assembly rules, various species richness levels) and to identify a set of independent indices able to discriminate community assembly rules. 3. Our results confirm that indices can be divided into three main categories, each of these corresponding to one aspect of Functional Diversity: Functional richness, Functional evenness and Functional divergence. Most published indices are highly correlated and quantify Functional richness while quadratic entropy (Q) represents a mix between Functional richness and Functional divergence. Conversely, two indices (FEve and FDiv respectively quantifying Functional evenness and Functional divergence) are rather independent to all the others. The power analysis revealed that some indices efficiently detect assembly rules while others performed poorly. 4. To accurately assess Functional Diversity and establish its relationships with ecosystem functioning and environmental constraints, we recommend investigating each Functional component separately with the appropriate index. Guidelines are provided to help choosing appropriate indices given the issue being investigated. 5. This study demonstrates that Functional Diversity indices have the potential to reveal the processes that structure biological communities. Combined with complementary methods (phylogenetic and taxonomic Diversity), the multifaceted framework of Functional Diversity will help improve our understanding of how bioDiversity interacts with ecosystem processes and environmental constraints.
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new multidimensional Functional Diversity indices for a multifaceted framework in Functional ecology
Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Sebastien Villeger, Norman W. H. Mason, David MouillotAbstract:Functional Diversity is increasingly identified as an important driver of ecosystem functioning. Various indices have been proposed to measure the Functional Diversity of a community, but there is still no consensus on which are most suitable. Indeed, none of the existing indices meets all the criteria required for general use. The main criteria are that they must be designed to deal with several traits, take into account abundances, and measure all the facets of Functional Diversity. Here we propose three indices to quantify each facet of Functional Diversity for a community with species distributed in a multidimensional Functional space: Functional richness (volume of the Functional space occupied by the community), Functional evenness (regularity of the distribution of abundance in this volume), and Functional divergence (divergence in the distribution of abundance in this volume). Functional richness is estimated using the existing convex hull volume index. The new Functional evenness index is based on the minimum spanning tree which links all the species in the multidimensional Functional space. Then this new index quantifies the regularity with which species abundances are distributed along the spanning tree. Functional divergence is measured using a novel index which quantifies how species diverge in their distances (weighted by their abundance) from the center of gravity in the Functional space. We show that none of the indices meets all the criteria required for a Functional Diversity index, but instead we show that the set of three complementary indices meets these criteria. Through simulations of artificial data sets, we demonstrate that Functional divergence and Functional evenness are independent of species richness and that the three Functional Diversity indices are independent of each other. Overall, our study suggests that decomposition of Functional Diversity into its three primary components provides a meaningful framework for its quantification and for the classification of existing Functional Diversity indices. This decomposition has the potential to shed light on the role of bioDiversity on ecosystem functioning and on the influence of biotic and abiotic filters on the structure of species communities. Finally, we propose a general framework for applying these three Functional Diversity indices.
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limiting similarity niche filtering and Functional Diversity in coastal lagoon fish communities
Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2007Co-Authors: David Mouillot, Olivier Dumay, Jean Antoine TomasiniAbstract:The fundamental idea behind the study of bioDiversity patterns is the presumed connection between the shape of species assemblages and the Functional ways in which they are organized, this Functional organization referring to how species are related to one another, as competitors or members of a web of interactions and to how species are facing similar environmental constraints. Amongst the different facets of bioDiversity, Functional Diversity is certainly a key for ecosystem processes in coastal areas. However, surprisingly, patterns of Functional Diversity have received little attention until now. After presenting a common framework linking Functional Diversity patterns to species coexistence theories, the aim of our study was twofold: (1) to seek assembly rules in brackish lagoon fish communities drove by Functional traits. To this aim we used null models to examine the influence of two opposing forces acting on community structure: interspecific competition that might prevent the coexistence of the most similar species, and environmental filters that might result in the most similar species to coexist. (2) To seek relationships between fish Functional Diversity and environmental gradients, if any. Fish sampling was carried out in two coastal lagoons where stations differ considerably in terms of physicochemical parameters. Using morphological Functional traits, Functional Diversity of fish communities was estimated using two recently published indices as well as a new proposed index. Firstly our study was not able to demonstrate a limitation of similarity in coexisting lagoon fishes due to interspecific competition. Conversely our results support the niche filtering hypothesis preventing species too dissimilar from one another to co-occur at the same station. Secondly, salinity was positively related to the Functional Diversity of fishes in both lagoons suggesting that within species assemblages near the channel species are less redundant than at stations far from the channel where species tend to be Functionally similar (benthic and eating zooplankton).
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Functional richness Functional evenness and Functional divergence the primary components of Functional Diversity
Oikos, 2005Co-Authors: Norman W. H. Mason, David Mouillot, Bastow J WilsonAbstract:Functiona] Diversity is hypothesised as being beneficial for ecosystem functions, such as productivity and resistance to invasion. However, a precise definition of Functional Diversity, and hence a framework for its quantification, have proved elusive. We present a definition based on the analogy of the components of species Diversity - richness, evenness and divergence. These concepts are applied to Functional characters to give three components of Functional Diversity - Functional richness, Functional evenness and Functional divergence. We demonstrate how each of these components may be calculated. It is hoped that our definition of Functional Diversity and its components will aid in elucidation of the mechanisms behind Diversity/ecosystem-function relationships.
Jakub Horak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Congruent patterns of Functional Diversity in saproxylic beetles and fungi across European beech forests
Journal of Biogeography, 2019Co-Authors: Jonas Hagge, Nerea Abrego, Claus Bässler, Christophe Bouget, Antoine Brin, Hervé Brustel, Morten Christensen, Martin M. Gossner, Jacob Heilmann-clausen, Jakub HorakAbstract:Aim: Beech forests comprise a globally unique temperate forest type in Europe. The dominance of beech in these forests developed during the ongoing post-glacial northward re-colonization, concurrently with intensified forest use by humans. We investigated how these two processes together with climate shaped the patterns of Functional Diversity of two major species groups involved in wood decomposition and whether Functional Diversity is determined on the local or regional species pool level. Location: European beech forest distribution range. Taxon: Saproxylic beetles and fungi. Methods: We analysed records of 532,496 saproxylic beetles of 788 species and 8,630 records of 234 saproxylic fungal species based on sets of traits similar to both groups. We tested how space, climate and landscape composition affect trait-based Functional Diversity on local and regional scales. Using structural equation modelling, we tested whether Functional Diversity is shaped on the local or regional scale. Results: The response of local Functional Diversity of both saproxylic beetles and fungi followed a highly congruent pattern of decreasing Functional Diversity towards the north, with higher elevation and accounted for overall geographical gradients with higher temperature, while increasing with higher precipitation. Structural equation modelling revealed that local Functional Diversity is determined by community changes operating on the level of the regional species pool. Main conclusions: Our findings suggest that the Functional Diversity patterns of saproxylic organisms in European beech forests are mainly determined on the regional scale and driven by anthropogenic and biogeographical processes. To conserve the variation and hotspots of Functional Diversity in beech forests, activities have to focus on a broad spatial and climatic range of sites throughout Europe, including the primeval forests in the east, as started by the UNESCO World Heritage selection of “Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe”.
Philip A Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamics of avian species and Functional Diversity in secondary tropical forests
Biological Conservation, 2017Co-Authors: C A Sayer, James M Bullock, Philip A MartinAbstract:Deforestation for agriculture in the tropics, followed by abandonment, has resulted in large areas of secondary forest. Some authors have suggested that this secondary regrowth could help prevent mass extinction in the tropics by providing habitat for forest species. However, there is little generalised understanding of the bioDiversity value of secondary forest. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted an analysis of avian responses to secondary forest succession, comparing data from 44 tropical secondary forest sites with nearby primary forest sites and investigating both species and Functional Diversity based metrics. Total species richness in secondary forests was 12% lower than in primary forests and was not related to secondary forest age. In contrast, forest specialist species richness increased with time since disturbance, reaching 99% of primary forest values after 100 years. In terms of Functional Diversity, Functional dispersion (FDis) and Functional divergence (FDiv) were similar in primary and secondary forests. However, Functional evenness (FEve) was 5% higher in secondary than in primary forests. The standardized effect size of Functional Diversity (sesFD) was higher in young secondary forests than primary forests and declined with time since disturbance. Overall, these results suggest that secondary tropical forests can support provision of ecosystem services but that these services may be less stable in young forests. Therefore, secondary tropical forests, particularly older regrowth, have bioDiversity value and can support important ecosystem functions. These secondary forests should be protected from further disturbance but preserving primary forest is vital for supporting overall and forest specialist species richness.
