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Gunther Pass - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new kind of auxiliary heart in insects Functional Morphology and neuronal control of the accessory pulsatile organs of the cricket ovipositor
Frontiers in Zoology, 2014Co-Authors: Reinhold Hustert, Matthias Frisch, Alexander Bohm, Gunther PassAbstract:Introduction In insects, the pumping of the dorsal heart causes circulation of hemolymph throughout the central body cavity, but not within the interior of long body appendages. Hemolymph exchange in these dead-end structures is accomplished by special flow-guiding structures and/or autonomous pulsatile organs (“auxiliary hearts”). In this paper accessory pulsatile organs for an insect ovipositor are described for the first time. We studied these organs in females of the cricket Acheta domesticus by analyzing their Functional Morphology, neuroanatomy and physiological control.
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A new kind of auxiliary heart in insects: Functional Morphology and neuronal control of the accessory pulsatile organs of the cricket ovipositor
Frontiers in Zoology, 2014Co-Authors: Reinhold Hustert, Matthias Frisch, Alexander Bohm, Gunther PassAbstract:Introduction In insects, the pumping of the dorsal heart causes circulation of hemolymph throughout the central body cavity, but not within the interior of long body appendages. Hemolymph exchange in these dead-end structures is accomplished by special flow-guiding structures and/or autonomous pulsatile organs (“auxiliary hearts”). In this paper accessory pulsatile organs for an insect ovipositor are described for the first time. We studied these organs in females of the cricket Acheta domesticus by analyzing their Functional Morphology, neuroanatomy and physiological control. Results The lumen of the four long ovipositor valves is subdivided by longitudinal septa of connective tissue into efferent and afferent hemolymph sinuses which are confluent distally. The countercurrent flow in these sinuses is effected by pulsatile organs which are located at the bases of the ovipositor valves. Each of the four organs consists of a pumping chamber which is compressed by rhythmically contracting muscles. The Morphology of the paired organs is laterally mirrored, and there are differences in some details between the dorsal and ventral organs. The compression of the pumping chambers of each valve pair occurs with a left-right alternating rhythm with a frequency of 0.2 to 0.5 Hz and is synchronized between the dorsal and ventral organs. The more anteriorly located genital chamber shows rhythmical lateral movements simultaneous to those of the ovipositor pulsatile organs and probably supports the hemolymph exchange in the abdominal apex region. The left-right alternating rhythm is produced by a central pattern generator located in the terminal ganglion. It requires no sensory feedback for its output since it persists in the completely isolated ganglion. Rhythm-modulating and rhythm-resetting interneurons are identified in the terminal ganglion. Conclusion The circulatory organs of the cricket ovipositor have a unique Functional Morphology. The pumping apparatus at the base of each ovipositor valve operates like a bellow. It forces hemolymph via sinuses delimited by thin septa of connective tissue in a countercurrent flow through the valve lumen. The pumping activity is based on neurogenic control by a central pattern generator in the terminal ganglion.
Reinhold Hustert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new kind of auxiliary heart in insects Functional Morphology and neuronal control of the accessory pulsatile organs of the cricket ovipositor
Frontiers in Zoology, 2014Co-Authors: Reinhold Hustert, Matthias Frisch, Alexander Bohm, Gunther PassAbstract:Introduction In insects, the pumping of the dorsal heart causes circulation of hemolymph throughout the central body cavity, but not within the interior of long body appendages. Hemolymph exchange in these dead-end structures is accomplished by special flow-guiding structures and/or autonomous pulsatile organs (“auxiliary hearts”). In this paper accessory pulsatile organs for an insect ovipositor are described for the first time. We studied these organs in females of the cricket Acheta domesticus by analyzing their Functional Morphology, neuroanatomy and physiological control.
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A new kind of auxiliary heart in insects: Functional Morphology and neuronal control of the accessory pulsatile organs of the cricket ovipositor
Frontiers in Zoology, 2014Co-Authors: Reinhold Hustert, Matthias Frisch, Alexander Bohm, Gunther PassAbstract:Introduction In insects, the pumping of the dorsal heart causes circulation of hemolymph throughout the central body cavity, but not within the interior of long body appendages. Hemolymph exchange in these dead-end structures is accomplished by special flow-guiding structures and/or autonomous pulsatile organs (“auxiliary hearts”). In this paper accessory pulsatile organs for an insect ovipositor are described for the first time. We studied these organs in females of the cricket Acheta domesticus by analyzing their Functional Morphology, neuroanatomy and physiological control. Results The lumen of the four long ovipositor valves is subdivided by longitudinal septa of connective tissue into efferent and afferent hemolymph sinuses which are confluent distally. The countercurrent flow in these sinuses is effected by pulsatile organs which are located at the bases of the ovipositor valves. Each of the four organs consists of a pumping chamber which is compressed by rhythmically contracting muscles. The Morphology of the paired organs is laterally mirrored, and there are differences in some details between the dorsal and ventral organs. The compression of the pumping chambers of each valve pair occurs with a left-right alternating rhythm with a frequency of 0.2 to 0.5 Hz and is synchronized between the dorsal and ventral organs. The more anteriorly located genital chamber shows rhythmical lateral movements simultaneous to those of the ovipositor pulsatile organs and probably supports the hemolymph exchange in the abdominal apex region. The left-right alternating rhythm is produced by a central pattern generator located in the terminal ganglion. It requires no sensory feedback for its output since it persists in the completely isolated ganglion. Rhythm-modulating and rhythm-resetting interneurons are identified in the terminal ganglion. Conclusion The circulatory organs of the cricket ovipositor have a unique Functional Morphology. The pumping apparatus at the base of each ovipositor valve operates like a bellow. It forces hemolymph via sinuses delimited by thin septa of connective tissue in a countercurrent flow through the valve lumen. The pumping activity is based on neurogenic control by a central pattern generator in the terminal ganglion.
Matthias Frisch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new kind of auxiliary heart in insects Functional Morphology and neuronal control of the accessory pulsatile organs of the cricket ovipositor
Frontiers in Zoology, 2014Co-Authors: Reinhold Hustert, Matthias Frisch, Alexander Bohm, Gunther PassAbstract:Introduction In insects, the pumping of the dorsal heart causes circulation of hemolymph throughout the central body cavity, but not within the interior of long body appendages. Hemolymph exchange in these dead-end structures is accomplished by special flow-guiding structures and/or autonomous pulsatile organs (“auxiliary hearts”). In this paper accessory pulsatile organs for an insect ovipositor are described for the first time. We studied these organs in females of the cricket Acheta domesticus by analyzing their Functional Morphology, neuroanatomy and physiological control.
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A new kind of auxiliary heart in insects: Functional Morphology and neuronal control of the accessory pulsatile organs of the cricket ovipositor
Frontiers in Zoology, 2014Co-Authors: Reinhold Hustert, Matthias Frisch, Alexander Bohm, Gunther PassAbstract:Introduction In insects, the pumping of the dorsal heart causes circulation of hemolymph throughout the central body cavity, but not within the interior of long body appendages. Hemolymph exchange in these dead-end structures is accomplished by special flow-guiding structures and/or autonomous pulsatile organs (“auxiliary hearts”). In this paper accessory pulsatile organs for an insect ovipositor are described for the first time. We studied these organs in females of the cricket Acheta domesticus by analyzing their Functional Morphology, neuroanatomy and physiological control. Results The lumen of the four long ovipositor valves is subdivided by longitudinal septa of connective tissue into efferent and afferent hemolymph sinuses which are confluent distally. The countercurrent flow in these sinuses is effected by pulsatile organs which are located at the bases of the ovipositor valves. Each of the four organs consists of a pumping chamber which is compressed by rhythmically contracting muscles. The Morphology of the paired organs is laterally mirrored, and there are differences in some details between the dorsal and ventral organs. The compression of the pumping chambers of each valve pair occurs with a left-right alternating rhythm with a frequency of 0.2 to 0.5 Hz and is synchronized between the dorsal and ventral organs. The more anteriorly located genital chamber shows rhythmical lateral movements simultaneous to those of the ovipositor pulsatile organs and probably supports the hemolymph exchange in the abdominal apex region. The left-right alternating rhythm is produced by a central pattern generator located in the terminal ganglion. It requires no sensory feedback for its output since it persists in the completely isolated ganglion. Rhythm-modulating and rhythm-resetting interneurons are identified in the terminal ganglion. Conclusion The circulatory organs of the cricket ovipositor have a unique Functional Morphology. The pumping apparatus at the base of each ovipositor valve operates like a bellow. It forces hemolymph via sinuses delimited by thin septa of connective tissue in a countercurrent flow through the valve lumen. The pumping activity is based on neurogenic control by a central pattern generator in the terminal ganglion.
Alexander Bohm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new kind of auxiliary heart in insects Functional Morphology and neuronal control of the accessory pulsatile organs of the cricket ovipositor
Frontiers in Zoology, 2014Co-Authors: Reinhold Hustert, Matthias Frisch, Alexander Bohm, Gunther PassAbstract:Introduction In insects, the pumping of the dorsal heart causes circulation of hemolymph throughout the central body cavity, but not within the interior of long body appendages. Hemolymph exchange in these dead-end structures is accomplished by special flow-guiding structures and/or autonomous pulsatile organs (“auxiliary hearts”). In this paper accessory pulsatile organs for an insect ovipositor are described for the first time. We studied these organs in females of the cricket Acheta domesticus by analyzing their Functional Morphology, neuroanatomy and physiological control.
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A new kind of auxiliary heart in insects: Functional Morphology and neuronal control of the accessory pulsatile organs of the cricket ovipositor
Frontiers in Zoology, 2014Co-Authors: Reinhold Hustert, Matthias Frisch, Alexander Bohm, Gunther PassAbstract:Introduction In insects, the pumping of the dorsal heart causes circulation of hemolymph throughout the central body cavity, but not within the interior of long body appendages. Hemolymph exchange in these dead-end structures is accomplished by special flow-guiding structures and/or autonomous pulsatile organs (“auxiliary hearts”). In this paper accessory pulsatile organs for an insect ovipositor are described for the first time. We studied these organs in females of the cricket Acheta domesticus by analyzing their Functional Morphology, neuroanatomy and physiological control. Results The lumen of the four long ovipositor valves is subdivided by longitudinal septa of connective tissue into efferent and afferent hemolymph sinuses which are confluent distally. The countercurrent flow in these sinuses is effected by pulsatile organs which are located at the bases of the ovipositor valves. Each of the four organs consists of a pumping chamber which is compressed by rhythmically contracting muscles. The Morphology of the paired organs is laterally mirrored, and there are differences in some details between the dorsal and ventral organs. The compression of the pumping chambers of each valve pair occurs with a left-right alternating rhythm with a frequency of 0.2 to 0.5 Hz and is synchronized between the dorsal and ventral organs. The more anteriorly located genital chamber shows rhythmical lateral movements simultaneous to those of the ovipositor pulsatile organs and probably supports the hemolymph exchange in the abdominal apex region. The left-right alternating rhythm is produced by a central pattern generator located in the terminal ganglion. It requires no sensory feedback for its output since it persists in the completely isolated ganglion. Rhythm-modulating and rhythm-resetting interneurons are identified in the terminal ganglion. Conclusion The circulatory organs of the cricket ovipositor have a unique Functional Morphology. The pumping apparatus at the base of each ovipositor valve operates like a bellow. It forces hemolymph via sinuses delimited by thin septa of connective tissue in a countercurrent flow through the valve lumen. The pumping activity is based on neurogenic control by a central pattern generator in the terminal ganglion.
Stanislav N Gorb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Functional Morphology of the male caudal appendages of the damselfly ischnura elegans zygoptera coenagrionidae
Arthropod Structure & Development, 2015Co-Authors: Jana Willkommen, Jan Michels, Stanislav N GorbAbstract:Odonata are usually regarded as one of the most ancient extant lineages of winged insects. Their copulatory apparatus and mating behavior are unique among insects. Male damselflies use their caudal appendages to clasp the female's prothorax during both copulation and egg-laying and have a secondary copulatory apparatus for sperm transfer. Knowledge of the Functional Morphology of the male caudal appendages is the basis for understanding the evolution of these structures in Odonata and respective organs in other insects. However, it is still not exactly known how the zygopteran claspers work. In this study, we applied micro-computed tomography and a variety of microscopy techniques to examine the Morphology, surface microstructure, cuticle material composition and muscle topography of the male caudal appendages of Ischnura elegans. The results indicate that the closing of the paraproctal claspers is mainly passive. This indirect closing mechanism is very likely supported by high proportions of the elastic protein resilin present in the cuticle of the paraproctal bases. In addition, the prothoracic Morphology of the female plays an important role in the indirect closing of the male claspers. Our data indicate that both structures the male claspers and the female prothoracic hump function together like a snap-fastener. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Functional Morphology of the male caudal appendages of the damselfly ischnura elegans zygoptera coenagrionidae
Arthropod Structure & Development, 2015Co-Authors: Jana Willkommen, Jan Michels, Stanislav N GorbAbstract:Odonata are usually regarded as one of the most ancient extant lineages of winged insects. Their copulatory apparatus and mating behavior are unique among insects. Male damselflies use their caudal appendages to clasp the female's prothorax during both copulation and egg-laying and have a secondary copulatory apparatus for sperm transfer. Knowledge of the Functional Morphology of the male caudal appendages is the basis for understanding the evolution of these structures in Odonata and respective organs in other insects. However, it is still not exactly known how the zygopteran claspers work. In this study, we applied micro-computed tomography and a variety of microscopy techniques to examine the Morphology, surface microstructure, cuticle material composition and muscle topography of the male caudal appendages of Ischnura elegans. The results indicate that the closing of the paraproctal claspers is mainly passive. This indirect closing mechanism is very likely supported by high proportions of the elastic protein resilin present in the cuticle of the paraproctal bases. In addition, the prothoracic Morphology of the female plays an important role in the indirect closing of the male claspers. Our data indicate that both structures – the male claspers and the female prothoracic hump – function together like a snap-fastener.
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Functional Morphology of the mandibular apparatus in the cockroach periplaneta americana blattodea blattidae a model species for omnivore insects
Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 73 (3). pp. 477-488., 2015Co-Authors: Tom Weihmann, Stanislav N Gorb, Thomas Kleinteich, Benjamin WipflerAbstract:We examine the Functional Morphology of the mandibular apparatus, including its driving muscles, of the generalist insect Peri planeta americana using a combination of g-computed tomography and geometrical modelling. Geometrical modelling was used to determine the changes of the mean fibre angle and length in the mandibular adductor muscle over the physiological range of mandible opening. The roughly scissor-like mandibles are aligned along the dorso-ventral axis of the head and are characterised by sharp interdigitating distal teeth, as well as a small proximal molar region. The mechanical advantage of the mandibles, i.e. the ratio between inner and outer levers, ranges between 0.37 to 0.47 depending on the considered incisivus. The mandibular abductor muscle is comprised of eight muscle fibre bundles, which are defined by distinct attachment positions on the sail-like apodeme protruding from the medio-lateral basis of the mandibles into the head lumen. Compared to carnivorous, herbivorous, or xylophagous insects, the relative volumes of the mandibular abductor and adductor muscle are small. Dependent on the mandible opening angle, the mean fibre angle of the adductor muscle ranges from 34 to 21, while mean fibre length changes from 1.24 mm (closed mandible) to 1.93 mm at maximum mandible opening. Many of the specific morphological features found in the chewing apparatus of P. americana, such as the presence of a mola in combination with distal incisivi, small relative muscle size and the intermediate fibre angle can be understood as adaptations to its omnivorous life style.
